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Description

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This species has the unusual situation where males (50mm) are larger than females (40mm) and the males have noticeably much broader heads than the females. They are an olive green to almost black above and often have some dark flecking, splotching and/or variegations on the back. There are also sometimes warts on this skin and some females from upland areas of northern NSW have a mid-dorsal stripe. Males have a black belly with white spots whereas females have a belly with black and white marbled. The rest of the underside is dark with some white spotting. Both sexes have orange to red patches in the groin, the thighs and even down to the feet. Both males and females have two pseudo-dentary teeth sticking up from the tip of the lower jaw and these tusks give the species its common name. The tusks are somewhat larger in the males and are thought to be used mainly in territorial encounters when looking for or holding on to calling sites. Males in captivity have been observed to “lock jaws” by grabbing each other’s mouths.This frog is reasonably distinguishable from all other Australian frogs by the combination of the orange or red patches in the groin and on the thigh and the presence of the black and white belly. Pseudophryne toadlets have the black and white belly, but not the patches. Uperoleia toadlets have the groin and thigh patches, but not the black and white belly.

References

  • Czechura, G.V. (1986). ''Distant exiles: Frogs and reptiles recorded from Kroombit Tops SEQ.'' Queensland Naturalist, 26(1-4), 61-67.
  • Katsikaros, K. and Shine, R. (1997). ''Sexual dimorphism in the Tusked Frog, Adelotus brevis (Anura: Myobatrachidae) the roles of natural and sexual selection.'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 60, 39-51.

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Distribution and Habitat

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Range and Population Disjunct population in the Clarke Range (mid-eastern Queensland) then from Shoalwater Bay (mid-eastern Queensland) south along the coast to Moss Vale (mid-eastern New South Wales) and inland to Blackdown Tableland and Carnarvon Gorge. The extent of occurrence of the species is approximately 480700 km2. This frog remains reasonably common throughout its entire range and is still so today in the lowland areas. In the mid to late 1970s however, it disappeared from the New England Tablelands for reasons that are still not clear. It is presumed that land clearing, habitat alteration, loss of water quality, spread of exotic fish species (eg, plague minnow) and disease and all had some part to play in this decline. The only populations recorded on the Tablelands in recent years have been seen in the Nowendoc area, at the very southern end of the Tablelands. For this reason, the New England Tablelands population of this frog has recently been listed as an Endangered Population under the Threatened Species Conservation Act.HabitatTusked frogs are found through a broad range of habitats covering open grasslands, large swamps, low woodlands, dry and wet sclerophyl forests and rainforest and appear none too concerned about whether the site is natural or artificial or whether it is pristine or highly disturbed. They rarely occur above 400m asl and will breed in quite a broad range of sites for an Australian frog, being found wherever there is relatively still water. They have been observed calling (rarely) in temporary pools on the sides of roads, in larger flooded depressions, in permanent fire dams and ponds and on the banks of small to quite large streams. In the faster flowing streams the tadpoles probably stick to specific microhabitats to avoid being washed around too much.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Dead frogs that have suffered chytrid fungus have been found in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. The major threat to the species, however, is loss and degradation of habitat through agricultural and urban development.Conservation MeasuresIn protected areas the species is safe from habitat loss. Research into the spread of chytrid fungus and education on methods of minimising and preventing its spread.
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The tusked frog has a calling season that usually extends through the warmer months although, the majority of calling occurs between September and December. Males usually call from within the water hiding under rocks or accumulated debris, within or under emergent/overhanging vegetation or from within tunnels/burrows in the banks of the water body. They are adaptable too with one male known to regularly call from under the wheel hub of an old car. The call is a soft “b’look” repeated regularly (described in Martin Robinson’s field guide as a “tok” or “chuck”). An important point to note about the call is that it is distinctly, albeit subtly, in two parts (b followed by look). It is this that distinguishes the call of the tusked frog from the quite similar “tok” call of the striped marsh frog (Limnodynastes peronii). The eggs are unpigmented and laid into a foam nest that is concealed underneath vegetation and/or debris. An adult male has been observed dragging eggs on to the egg mass to conceal it, probably a first for this type of parental care in Australian frogs. The eggs hatch after several days and the tadpoles take an average of 2-3 months to reach metamorphosis. The tadpoles are an unremarkable brown colour and grow up to around 30mm in size. Development is usually complete within 71 days.
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Adelotus ( Occitan (post 1500) )

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Lo genre Adelotus compren una sola espècia de granhòta que se tròba dins lo centre-èst de l'Estat del Queensland e al sud de Nòva Galas del Sud (Austràlia) :

Vejatz tanben

Referéncias extèrnas

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Adelotus: Brief Summary ( Occitan (post 1500) )

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Lo genre Adelotus compren una sola espècia de granhòta que se tròba dins lo centre-èst de l'Estat del Queensland e al sud de Nòva Galas del Sud (Austràlia) :

Adelotus brevis (Günther, 1863).
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Tusked frog

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The tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) is a species of ground-dwelling frog native to eastern Australia from Eungella National Park, Queensland south to Ourimbah, New South Wales. It is the only species in the genus Adelotus - adelotus meaning "unseen" and brevis meaning "short".[1]

Description

The tusked frog is a unique frog within Australia, as it is the only species where the female is smaller than male. Males can reach a maximum length of about 5 centimetres (2.0 in), while females reach 4 centimetres (1.6 in). The common name of "tusked frog" derives from the small protrusions on the lower jaw, similar in position to tusks, which can reach about 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in length in males (only visible when the mouth is open).

The pair of bony tusks are modified teeth that protrude from the middle of the lower jaw and fit into special grooves on the upper jaw when the mouth is closed. They are slightly curved and sharply pointed, and are present in both males and females, although they are larger in males.[2]

Males have been observed 'locking jaws' with each other, in a similar way to male deer locking antlers in the struggle to exert dominance over each other.[2] Male tusked frogs have a disproportionally large-sized head, compared to the body, and females have a smaller proportioned sized head than males. The males have been known to fight, biting each other under the head, and around the neck. This behaviour has presumably led to the sexual dimorphism of larger heads, body size and tusks to increase success of fights (Katsirakos & Shine 1997).

The dorsal surface of the frog is normally brown, but can be olive to black, with low ridges, warts and irregular darker markings. There is usually a butterfly shaped marking between the eyes.[1] The [ventral] surface of this species is more striking - being marbled black and white with flashes of red on the groin and hind legs. Males and females have different belly patterns. Fingers and toes are cylindrical and are not webbed.[2]

Ecology and behaviour

A. brevis is associated with dams, ditches, flooded grassland and creeks in rainforest, wet sclerophyll forest and woodland. It is known from coastal and highland areas, however it has suffered declines in many highland areas, particularly the New England Tablelands of New South Wales.

Males create hidden nest sites in leaf litter and vegetation in streams and the edges of dams. This species has a call like "tok-tok", males call from the nest site and can be difficult to find. Breeding takes place in spring and summer and eggs are laid as a foamy mass in the nest, hidden from sunlight. The eggs are white in colour and lack pigment.

In the breeding season (October - December), males build nests out of foam hidden from direct sunlight in ponds and swamps. Over 600 eggs may be laid in each floating mass of foam, and are guarded by the male until they hatch into tadpoles. The tadpoles grow over a period of two to three months to around 3 to 3.5 cm, when they undergo metamorphosis into 'mini adult' froglets.[2]

Conservation status and threats

The IUCN has listed the tusked frog in the near threatened category of the Red List of Threatened Species, and notes that it is probably in significant decline due to chytridiomycosis.[2]

The Southern Tablelands population has been listed as an endangered population under the Threatened Species Conservation Act, following the disappearance of the species from the rest of its former Tablelands range.[2]

Urban and agricultural development are thought to be the primary threats to this species, causing the degradation and loss of its habitat. Introduced species are causing further decline, such as the predatory eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), and weed species which outcompete the tusked frog's natural vegetation.[2]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b Martyn Robinson (2005) A Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum and Reed New Holland Publication. ISBN 1876334835
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Tusked frog (Adelotus brevis)". EDGE of Existence programme (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species). Zoological Society of London. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  • Anstis, M. (2002): Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
  • Katsirakos & Shine (1997): Sexual dimorphism in the tusked frog, Adelotus brevis (Anura: Myobatrachidae): the roles of natural and sexual selection. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 60 (1): 39–51. HTML abstract
  • Robinson, M. (2002): A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland, Sydney.

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Tusked frog: Brief Summary

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The tusked frog (Adelotus brevis) is a species of ground-dwelling frog native to eastern Australia from Eungella National Park, Queensland south to Ourimbah, New South Wales. It is the only species in the genus Adelotus - adelotus meaning "unseen" and brevis meaning "short".

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Adelotus brevis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Adelotus brevis es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Leptodactylidae y única representante del género Adelotus.

Distribución geográfica y hábitat

Es endémica de la zona costera de los estados de Queensland y Nueva Gales del Sur (Australia). Su rango altitudinal oscila entre 0 y 400 msnm.

Estado de conservación

Se encuentra amenazada por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.

Referencias

  1. Harry Hines, Ed Meyer, Jean-Marc Hero, David Newell, John Clarke (2004). «Adelotus brevis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 30 de abril de 2004.
  • Frost, D.R. «Adelotus brevis ». Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1. (en inglés). Nueva York, EEUU: Museo Americano de Historia Natural. Consultado el 9 de junio de 2015.
  • Harry Hines, Ed Meyer, Jean-Marc Hero, David Newell, John Clarke. 2004. Adelotus brevis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. Acceso: 9 de junio de 2015.

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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Adelotus brevis es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Leptodactylidae y única representante del género Adelotus.

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Adelotus brevis ( Basque )

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Adelotus brevis Adelotus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Limnodynastidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Adelotus brevis Adelotus generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Limnodynastidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Adelotus brevis ( French )

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Adelotus brevis, unique représentant du genre Adelotus, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Limnodynastidae[1].

Répartition

 src=
Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique d'Australie. Elle se rencontre en dessous de 400 m d'altitude le long de la côte Est du centre de l'État du Queensland jusqu'au Sud de la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud[1],[2].

Description

Les mâles qui mesurent environ 50 mm sont plus grands que les femelles qui mesurent environ 40 mm[3].

Taxinomie

Adelotus Ogilby, 1907 est le nouveau nom de Cryptotis Günther, 1863 qui était déjà attribué par Pomel, 1848 (Mammalia).

Publications originales

  • Günther, 1863 : On new species of batrachians from Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, sér. 3, vol. 11, p. 26-28 (texte intégral).
  • Ogilby, 1907 : A new tree frog from Brisbane. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, vol. 20, p. 31-32 (texte intégral).

Voir aussi

Notes et références

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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( French )

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Adelotus brevis, unique représentant du genre Adelotus, est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Limnodynastidae.

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Adelotus brevis ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Herpetologie

Adelotus brevis is een kikker uit de familie Limnodynastidae.[2] De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Albert Carl Lewis Gotthilf Günther in 1863. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Cryptotis brevis gebruikt. Er is nog geen Nederlandse naam voor deze soort, die de enige is uit het geslacht Adelotus.

Uiterlijke kenmerken

Adelotus brevis is bruin tot groen van kleur op de rug en heeft een zeer variabel en onregelmatig patroon van lichtere en donkere vlekken en strepen. De kikker is echter van alle andere Australische soorten te onderscheiden door de combinatie van de zwarte buik met grote witte vlekken en de oranje tot rode vlekjes bij de cloaca en binnenzijde van de dijen. Sommige vrouwelijke exemplaren hebben een rugstreep.

De soort wordt in de Engelse taal wel slagtandkikker genoemd vanwege de twee slagtand-achtige uitsteeksels op de onderkaak, die alleen te zien zijn bij een geopende bek. Deze aangepaste tanden zijn iets gekromd en puntig en worden in groeven in het gehemelte geborgen als de bek gesloten is. De mannetjes vechten met elkaar in de paartijd om een territorium, waarbij ze met de 'tanden' in elkaars kop, bek en nek proberen te bijten, wat tot verwondingen kan leiden. De tanden worden niet gebruikt voor de verdediging.

De mannetjes worden met een gemiddelde lengte van 5 centimeter groter dan de ongeveer 4 cm lange vrouwtjes, wat zeer uitzonderlijk is. Bij alle andere kikvorsachtigen is dit andersom en worden de vrouwtjes groter dan de mannetjes. Mannetjes hebben ook langere uitsteeksels (tot 5 mm) dan vrouwtjes en een relatief grotere kop. Al deze voor de Anura unieke kenmerken zijn vermoedelijk voortgekomen uit de gevechten die de mannetjes voeren.

Verspreiding en habitat

Adelotus brevis komt voor in Australië in een smalle uiterst oostelijke kuststreek in het zuiden van Queensland en een groot deel van de kust van Nieuw-Zuid-Wales.[3] In het verleden zijn de populaties niet altijd even stabiel geweest, maar tegenwoordig is de soort algemeen in het ongeveer 480.000 vierkante kilometer grote verspreidingsgebied.

De kikker komt voor in een groot aantal habitats, variërend van moerassen, graslanden en zowel droge als vochtige bossen, meestal bij stilstaand water. Exemplaren worden zelden hoger dan 400 meter boven zeeniveau aangetroffen.

Voortplanting en ontwikkeling

Mannetjes kwaken in het water, aan de waterkant verstopt tussen overhangende planten of in kleine holletjes in de oever. Het geluid dat ze maken klinkt als een dubbele klik; b-look, wat afwijkt van het paargeluid van andere voorkomende soorten. De eitjes zijn niet gepigmenteerd en worden in een schuimnest afgezet dat op het water drijft. Het nest wordt meestal met planten of bladeren bedekt ter camouflage en om het nest af te schermen tegen zonlicht. Na enkele dagen komen de eitjes uit, na twee tot drie maanden hebben de bruin gekleurde kikkervisjes zich ontwikkeld tot kleine kikkertjes, ze zijn dan ongeveer 3 centimeter lang.

Afbeeldingen

Referenties
  1. (en) Adelotus brevis op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History, Adelotus brevis.[dode link]
  3. Amphibia Web, Adelotus brevis.
Bronnen
  • (en) - Darrel R. Frost - Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference - Version 6.0 - American Museum of Natural History - Adelotus brevis - Website[dode link] Geconsulteerd 28 november 2016
  • (en) - Amphibiaweb - Adelotus brevis - Website
  • (en) - Australian Ground Frogs: Limnodynastidae - Tusked Frog (Adelotus brevis): Species Accounts - Website
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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Adelotus brevis is een kikker uit de familie Limnodynastidae. De soort werd voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Albert Carl Lewis Gotthilf Günther in 1863. Oorspronkelijk werd de wetenschappelijke naam Cryptotis brevis gebruikt. Er is nog geen Nederlandse naam voor deze soort, die de enige is uit het geslacht Adelotus.

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Adelot ( Polish )

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 src= Ten artykuł dotyczy rodziny płazów. Zobacz też: inne znaczenia słów żaba i żaby. Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Adelot (Adelotus brevis) – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny limnodynastidae. jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Adelotus.

Występowanie

Wsch. Australia.

Występuje we wszystkich rodzajach zbiorników wodnych, zarówno płynących jak i stojących. Prowadzi bardzo skryty tryb życia.

Cechy morfologiczne

Osiąga niewielkie rozmiary. Rezonatory ukryte pod skórą dna jamy gębowej. Błon pływnych brak.

Grzbiet ubarwiony brązowo, brzuch plamisty. Źrenice poziomo wydłużone.

Rozród

W czasie pory godowej samiec za pomocą grzebiących ruchów przednich kończyn buduje w przybrzeżnym szlamie gniazdo o kolistym kształcie i średnicy 12 - 15 cm, do którego samica składa jaja, które następnie są pilnowane oraz zaciekle bronione przez samca. Kijanki opuszczają osłony jajowe po kilku dniach, przeobrażenie następuje po 3 - 4 tyg.

Głos godowy jest bardzo podobny do głosu kumaka nizinnego, samce odzywają się w okresie godowym przez przerwy przez całe noce.

Przypisy

  1. Adelotus brevis, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).

Bibliografia

  • Włodzimierz Juszczyk: Gady i płazy. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1986. ISBN 83-214-0464-2.
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Adelot: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Adelot (Adelotus brevis) – gatunek płaza bezogonowego z rodziny limnodynastidae. jedyny przedstawiciel rodzaju Adelotus.

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Adelotus brevis ( Portuguese )

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Adelotus brevis é uma espécie de anfíbio anuros da família Limnodynastidae.[2][3] A espécie é endêmica da Austrália.[3] Em relação ao risco de extinção, ela é considerada uma espécie quase ameaçada pela Lista Vermelha da UICN.[1]

Ver também

Referências

  1. a b «IUCN red list Adelotus brevis». Lista vermelha da IUCN. Consultado em 29 de março de 2022
  2. Adelotus brevis Amphibian Species of the World, versão 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Página acedida em 26 de Abril de 2016
  3. a b Adelotus brevis. AmphibiaWeb. Página acedida em 26 de Abril de 2016
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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Adelotus brevis é uma espécie de anfíbio anuros da família Limnodynastidae. A espécie é endêmica da Austrália. Em relação ao risco de extinção, ela é considerada uma espécie quase ameaçada pela Lista Vermelha da UICN.

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Adelotus brevis ( Vietnamese )

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Adelotus là một chi động vật lưỡng cư trong họ Limnodynastidae, thuộc bộ Anura. Chi này có 1 loài Adelotus brevis và không bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ “Danh sách lưỡng cư trong sách Đỏ”. IUCN. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 7 năm 2012.

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Adelotus brevis tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết động vật lưỡng cư này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Adelotus brevis: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Adelotus là một chi động vật lưỡng cư trong họ Limnodynastidae, thuộc bộ Anura. Chi này có 1 loài Adelotus brevis và không bị đe dọa tuyệt chủng.

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Жерлянкоподобная лягушка ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Беспанцирные
Инфракласс: Batrachia
Надотряд: Прыгающие
Отряд: Бесхвостые
Подотряд: Neobatrachia
Подсемейство: Limnodynastinae
Род: Жерлянкоподобные лягушки (Adelotus Ogilby, 1907)
Вид: Жерлянкоподобная лягушка
Международное научное название

Adelotus brevis (Günther, 1863)

Ареал

изображение

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Систематика
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ITIS 663924NCBI 104075EOL 1037651

Жерлянкоподобная лягушка[1] (лат. Adelotus brevis) — вид бесхвостых земноводных из семейства австралийских жаб (Myobatrachidae).

Описание

Самцы крупнее самок и могут достигать длины 5 см, в то время как самки достигают 4 см. Английское Tusked Frog («лягушка с бивнями») происходит от выступов на нижней челюсти, напоминающих бивни, которые могут достигать 5 мм. Голова у самцов больше туловища, тогда как строение тела самок более пропорционально. Спина лягушек имеет коричневую окраску (но может быть оливкового до черного цвета) с низкими гребнями, бородавками и темными пятнами. Брюшко имеет мраморную чёрно-белую окраску с красно-чёрными пятнами.

Ареал

Восточные приморские области Австралии от Квинсленда до Нового Южного Уэльса.

Образ жизни

Обитает во влажных тропических лесах, а также на затопленных лугах, прудах, ручьях и рвах.

В брачный период самцы создают гнёзда, которые прячут среди опавшей листвы и водных растений в различных водоёмах. Звуком, напоминающим «ток-ток» они привлекают в эти гнёзда самок. Спаривание происходит в весенне-летний период. Отложенные икринки в виде пенистой массы развиваются в гнёздах, которые дают им защиту от прямого солнечного света.

Примечания

  1. Ананьева Н. Б., Боркин Л. Я., Даревский И. С., Орлов Н. Л. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Амфибии и рептилии. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1988. — С. 102. — 10 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00232-X.
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Жерлянкоподобная лягушка: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Жерлянкоподобная лягушка (лат. Adelotus brevis) — вид бесхвостых земноводных из семейства австралийских жаб (Myobatrachidae).

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어금니개구리 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

어금니개구리(학명: Adelotus brevis)는 거북개구리과에 속하는 오스트레일리아 동해안 지역의 토종 개구리 가운데 하나이다. 속명인 아델로투스(Adelotus)는 '보이지 않는'이란 뜻이고 종명 브레비스(brevis)는 '짧은'이라는 뜻이다.[1] 아래턱에 엄니를 연상시키는 돌기가 있어 어금니개구리라는 이름이 붙었다. 돌기는 암컷과 수컷 모두에게 있으며, 수컷은 5cm까지 자라며 평균 4cm인 암컷보다 덩치가 더 크다.[2]

각주

  1. Martyn Robinson (2005) A Field Guide to the Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum and Reed New Holland Publication. ISBN 1876334835
  2. “Tusked frog (Adelotus brevis)”. 《EDGE of Existence programme (Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species)》. Zoological Society of London. 2016년 3월 3일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 4월 18일에 확인함.
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어금니개구리: Brief Summary ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

어금니개구리(학명: Adelotus brevis)는 거북개구리과에 속하는 오스트레일리아 동해안 지역의 토종 개구리 가운데 하나이다. 속명인 아델로투스(Adelotus)는 '보이지 않는'이란 뜻이고 종명 브레비스(brevis)는 '짧은'이라는 뜻이다. 아래턱에 엄니를 연상시키는 돌기가 있어 어금니개구리라는 이름이 붙었다. 돌기는 암컷과 수컷 모두에게 있으며, 수컷은 5cm까지 자라며 평균 4cm인 암컷보다 덩치가 더 크다.

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