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Protoblastenia incrustans (DC.) J. Steiner, syn.: Callopisma rupestre f. incrustans (DC.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Lecanora incrustans (DC.) Ach., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall.EN: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: ?Dat.: Feb. 10. 2018Lat.: 46.36017 Long.: 13.704108Code: Bot_1111/2018_DSC0841Habitat: man made stone wall delimiting former pastures, now partly overgrown with bushes and trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial/glacial ground; partly in shade; relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: +/- vertical hard calcareous rock surface. Place: Lower Trenta valley; between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa; next to the path from Trenta 2 farmhouse (now holiday cottage) to Trenta 2B cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Genus Protoblastenia is comprised by lichens living on rock (saxicolous). Their thallus is crustose or grows within solid rock (endolithic) or it is something in between these two options. These lichens have usually yellow, orange or red apothecia and simple cell spores (Ref.:3). Their similarity to Caloplaca species on macroscopic level causes frequent confusions. However, Caloplaca species have two celled spores (septate spores), which distinguish them from Protoblastenia species with certainty.Protoblastenia incrustans is a common lichen, but it is certainly many times overlooked. Namely, thallus is usually endolithic and consequently hard to be seen. Its apothecia are very small, from only 200 to 500 microns in diameter (Ref.:3) and can also hardly be seen by naked eye in spite of the fact that they are bright yellow-orange color. Characteristically, its apothecia sit in small pits in the rock. Their surface is from slightly concave to slightly convex shape, most of them are nearly flat. This species is an arctic-alpine element (Ref.:5).Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 364.(2)
www.dorsetnature.co.uk/pages-lichen/lch-387.html (accessed 28.2.2018) (3) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 750.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 773.(5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 586.
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Trametes versicolor (L.) PilatTurkey Tail, DE: Schmetterlings-TrameteSlo.: pisana ploskocevkaDat.: Feb. 11. 2016Lat.: 46.36179 Long.: 13.704983Code: Bot_933/2016_DSC0355Habitat: Young, mixed forest and bushes, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana dominant; overgrown former pasture; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; shallow, skeletal, calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica trunkPlace: Lower Trenta valley, upper part of pastures belonging to the abandoned farm house Koc, Trenta 3, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Trametes versicolor is a very common species. Several authors consider it as the most frequent decomposer of wood of deciduous trees. It almost always appears in large, sometimes very beautifully colored, colonies. But it is also a very variable species, particularly in colors of distinctly zonate pilei. Because of that confusion with other species of genus Trametes is quite possible. The best distinguishing traits of Trametes versicolor for me are very small pores (up to 5/mm) and a distinctive, but very thin dark brown line between context and tomentum in cross-section. But one should cut pilei with a very sharp knife, or better with a razor blade. In this way the line remains undamaged and clearly visible. Growing in a group of several hundreds of pilei; pilei dimensions up to 4.6 x 2.9 cm and up to 6(8) mm thick, pore layer 1.5(2.5) mm thick; taste distinct, unpleasant, on rotten something?; smell mild, mushroomy; pore density 43/cm (SD=5.3, n=8), SP whitish-beige, oac 851.Spores smooth. Dimensions; 5.3 [6.1 ; 6.4] 7.1 x 1.8 [2 ; 2.1] 2.4 microns; Q = 2.5 [2.9 ; 3.1] 3.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 6.2 x 2.1 microns; Qe = 3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, aniline blue, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 421. (2) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 537.(3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 508.(4) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 341.(5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 268.
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Lycoperdon pyriforme Schff.:Pers.Stump Puffball, DE: Birnen-StublingSlo.: hrukasta pranicaDat.: Oct. 6. 2010Lat.: 46.33524 Long.: 13.49631Code: Bot_465/2010_IMG2775Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus Sylvatica dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: short, highly disintegrated and moss overgrown log of Picea abies lying on ground.Place: Bovec basin; south slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group, lower Gozdec place, next to the trail to Poljanca place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Lycoperdon pyriforme has probably the most beautiful form of all our puffballs. It is a rather common species, which often grows in large tufted groups. It has almost global distribution (not present in Africa). In Himalaya it climbs up to 4.000 m elevation (Ref.:3). It is easy recognized by its typical form and the fact that it grows on rotten wood of conifers and broadleaved trees contrary to other puffballs, which grow on soil. Frequently the wood is almost totally decomposed or partly buried in ground, so it superficially appears that the mushrooms grow on soil. Further, white subgleba, which remains white also in mature sporocarps, is a sure identification characteristic. Photographed sporocarps were growing in a small group of six fruit bodies.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 3.7 [4.1 ; 4.2] 4.6 x 3.5 [3.9 ; 4] 4.4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.06] 1.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 x 4 microns; Qe = 1. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 934.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 152.(4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 394.
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Rocky River Reservation, North Olmsted, Ohio
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Malvern, Worcestershire.Devils Fingers is an alien species from the Southern Hemisphere, where in Australia it is called Octopus Stinkhorn. It is thought to have been introduced to Europe with various war supplies, or possibly with wool, in about 1914. This may account for the fact that it is regularly seen in the New Forest, sometimes in considerable numbers, in areas that were used by the military in 1942.
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Plicatura crispa, syn.: Trogia crispa, Plicaturopsis crispaCrimped gill, Krauser AderzaehingSlo.: bukova ilikaDate: Nov. 18. 2009Lat.: 46.35031 Long.: 13.58909Code: Bot_401/2009-841Habitat: Open mixed forest with many bushes, almost flat terrain, flysh bedrock, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana on ground Place: East Bovec basin, left bank of river Koritnica, near Kolovrat place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Photographed in humid condition. Ref.:
www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/gilled fungi/species pages/Plicaturopsis crispa.htm M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p322
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Phellodon niger (Fr.: Fr.) Karst.Black Tooth, DE: Schwarzer Duftstacheling, Schwarzer KorkstachelingSlo.: rni plutozobDat.: Sept. 14. 2014Lat.: 46.36049 Long.: 13.70043Code: Bot_837/2014_DSC4228Habitat: young mixed forest on alluvial deposits of nearby mountain torrent, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; slightly southeast inclined terrain, calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 630 m (2.070 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: moss covered forest soil under Picea abies. Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, between Trenta 2b cottage and abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: In Germany Phellodon niger has already disappeared from many historically known locations in and around industrial regions (Ref.:2.). The causes are acid precipitations, other airborne toxins and eutrophication of forest ground. The species is worldwide distributed but rarely common. It is generally in sharp decline and much endangered in Europe (Ref.:2). About 20 pilei growing solitary and in groups of several partly confluent fruit bodies; pilei diameter 5 - 8.5 cm, spines are dense and from 2 to max 3 mm long; stipe is not well defined, interwoven with surrounding organic ground debris, about 1-2 cm in diameter and 1.5 cm long, tapering toward the base, looking like a thick root; taste mild, mushroomy, not bitter; smell indistinctive; flesh corky-woody, charcoal black; SP whitish-beige, oac851.Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions:3,6 [4 ; 4,1] 4,5 x 3,1 [3,4 ; 3,6] 3,9 mm; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4 x 3,5 mm; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1. Ulmer (2000), p 384.(3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 629. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 228.(6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 349.
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Polyporus ciliatus Fr., syn.: Polyporus lepideus Fr.Fringed Polypore, DE: Maiporling, Bewinperter PorlingSlo.: etinasti luknjiarDat.: May 3. 2016Lat.: 46.35972 Long.: 13.70797Code: Bot_953/2016_DSC1784Habitat: Young riparian forest, Picea abies and Salix eleagnos dominant trees, next to a river; flat terrain occasionally flooded during high water levels of the river, calcareous, young alluvial ground; in shade, humid ground and air; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.740 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen trunk of an old Salix eleagnos mostly not in direct contact with ground, still in bark, moss covered, in the late disintegration phase.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the farm house Otokar, Trenta 4, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: According to its species name Polyporus ciliatus should have distinctly fringed edge of the pileus. However, this was barely so with this find. Apparently this trait is not very reliable. However, very small pores, barely seen by naked eye (6 pores/mm measured) and appearance in spring clearly distinct it from very similar Polyporus brumalis.About 50 pilei found on two places. Growing solitary and in groups, occasionally two fruitbodies confluent at the base of the stipe; pilei diameter from 35 to 70 mm, pore layer thin, up to 3 mm; stipe 3 - 5 cm long, 4 - 6 mm in diameter, equal and somewhat thicker at the base; pilei surprisingly sturdy, quite hard to cut and chew; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy; taste distinct, mushroomy, somewhat unpleasant; SP abundant, whitish-light beige, oac851.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5,4 [6 ; 6,2] 6,8 x 1,8 [2,1 ; 2,2] 2,5 microns; Q = 2,4 [2,8 ; 2,9] 3,3; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 2,1 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 357. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 326. (3) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 460. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 609.
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Gloeophyllum odoratumSlo.: diea tramovkaDate: March 27. 2013Lat.: 4620'47.80"N Long.: 1334'39.38"E, NMV 470 mCode: Bot_691/2013_IMG2496Habitat: mixed forest, predominantly broadleaved trees with some Picea abies, modestly inclined south oriented mountain slope, flysh bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, in half shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 470 m (feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten debarked stump of a cut down Picea abies.Place: Bovec basin, above main road from Bovec to Predel pass near the church of St. Lenart, east Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Several fruitbodies. Pileus up to 20 cm (8 inch) wide. Very characteristic pleasant smell. Hard corky trama. SP faint, whitish-grayish (?). Spore dimensions: Smooth, 10.1 (SD = 0.7) x 4.0 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 2,57 (SD = 0.24), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p244. (2)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~12145~so... (3)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/GloeophyllumOdoratum . (4)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Gloeophyllum_odoratum.htm .
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Boletus radicans (Pers.) Fr. syn. Boletus albidusWhitish bolete , Rooting bolete, DE: Wurzelnder BitterrhrlingSlo.: grenki gobanDat.: Jul. 16. 2015Lat.: 46.41048 Long.: 13.75046Code: Bot_902/2015_DSC7918Habitat: mixed mountain wood, dominant trees Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies; moderately steep mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.260 m (4.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Trenta valley, near Vri pass road, southwest slopes of Mt. Prisank, 2.547 , (8.357 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Texture and color of the upper surface of the hut, rooting stipe, turning blue on bruising and, in particular, very strong bitter taste are typical traits of Boletus radicans. What surprises in this find is reddish coloration of damaged places (by snails) and quite distinctive reddish tones of the stipe. This is unusual with Boletus radicans and causes some doubts in our determination. However, no better alternatives have been found. Growing solitary; pileus diameter 8.5 cm; taste strongly bitter, smell faint, unpleasant; quickly bruising blue-green when handled; SP faint, color indistinguishable. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 12.4 [13.7 ; 14.2] 15.5 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.8] 6.3 microns Q = 2.2 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 34; C = 95%; Me = 14 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 2,5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot and (conf.) Mr. Anton Poler.(2) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 20. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 72. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 36. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 406.
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Hodgson Vale, Queensland, Australia
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Protoblastenia incrustans (DC.) J. Steiner, syn.: Callopisma rupestre f. incrustans (DC.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Lecanora incrustans (DC.) Ach., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall.EN: no name, DE: no nameSlo.: ?Dat.: Feb. 10. 2018Lat.: 46.36017 Long.: 13.704108Code: Bot_1111/2018_DSC0841Habitat: man made stone wall delimiting former pastures, now partly overgrown with bushes and trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial/glacial ground; partly in shade; relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: +/- vertical hard calcareous rock surface. Place: Lower Trenta valley; between villages Soa and Trenta; right bank of river Soa; next to the path from Trenta 2 farmhouse (now holiday cottage) to Trenta 2B cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Genus Protoblastenia is comprised by lichens living on rock (saxicolous). Their thallus is crustose or grows within solid rock (endolithic) or it is something in between these two options. These lichens have usually yellow, orange or red apothecia and simple cell spores (Ref.:3). Their similarity to Caloplaca species on macroscopic level causes frequent confusions. However, Caloplaca species have two celled spores (septate spores), which distinguish them from Protoblastenia species with certainty.Protoblastenia incrustans is a common lichen, but it is certainly many times overlooked. Namely, thallus is usually endolithic and consequently hard to be seen. Its apothecia are very small, from only 200 to 500 microns in diameter (Ref.:3) and can also hardly be seen by naked eye in spite of the fact that they are bright yellow-orange color. Characteristically, its apothecia sit in small pits in the rock. Their surface is from slightly concave to slightly convex shape, most of them are nearly flat. This species is an arctic-alpine element (Ref.:5).Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 364.(2)
www.dorsetnature.co.uk/pages-lichen/lch-387.html (accessed 28.2.2018) (3) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 750.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 773.(5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 586.
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Trametes versicolorThe Turkey TailSlo.: pisana ploskocevkaDat.: October 09. 2008Lat.: 46.33819 Long.: 13.5431Habitat: Mixed forest, in shade, fairly humid, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: on rotten wood of a deciduous tree. Place West of Bovec, above Jezerca place, East Julian Alps, Posocje, Slovenia EC
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Amanita muscariaFly Agaric, Fly Amanita, FliegenpilzSlo.: rdea municaDate: Oct. 24. 2009Lat.: 46.34063 Long.: 13.58033 Code: Bot_394/2009-0132 and Date: Oct. 30. 2009Lat.: 46.34053 Long.: 13.58035Code: Bot_398/2009-0426Habitat: Group of Betula pendula var. pendula as a pioneer species on an abandoned pasture, shallow, moderately acid soil on cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), direct rain exposed, partly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 540/550 m (1.750/1,800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soilPlace: Bovec basin, at the foot of Mt. Svinjak, 1.965 m (6.447 feet), above Kal-Koritnica village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC
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Gemeinde Schalkenmehren, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
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Photo from the Santa Marta Mountains of northeastern Colombia.
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Plicatura crispa, syn.: Trogia crispa, Plicaturopsis crispaCrimped gill, Krauser AderzaehingSlo.: bukova ilikaDate: Nov. 18. 2009Lat.: 46.35031 Long.: 13.58909Code: Bot_401/2009-841Habitat: Open mixed forest with many bushes, almost flat terrain, flysh bedrock, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: rotten branch of Corylus avellana on ground Place: East Bovec basin, left bank of river Koritnica, near Kolovrat place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Photographed in humid condition. Ref.:
www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/gilled fungi/species pages/Plicaturopsis crispa.htm M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p322
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