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2011-12-18 Vienna XXII. district - Donauinsel (160 msm Quadrant 7864/2).German name: Stadt-Champignon, Trottoir-Egerling
See remarks here.
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A soft conk of the Polyporaceae, found in New Zealand, Chile and Argentina.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Leccinellum griseum (Qul.) Bresinsky & Manfr. Binder; Synonymy: Boletus griseus (Qul.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Gyroporus griseus Qul., Leccinum griseum (Qul.) Singer., Leccinum carpini (R. Schulz) M.M. Moser ex D.A. Reid ?, Leccinellum pseudoscabrum (Kallenb.) Mikk ?Birch Bolete ?, DE: Heinbuchen-raufuSlo.: gabrov bedDat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.33599 Long.: 13.52555Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1263Habitat: predominantly hard wood, broadleaf tree forest; moderately inclined mountain slope, southwest inclination; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin; next to the trail from station A of Kanin cable car to Pluna village; East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Members of genus Leccinum/Leccinellum are relatively easy to recognize by distinct stem squamules. However, their taxonomy is a problem and species determination is often difficult. No definite and generally accepted answers are known. In 1995 the genus Leccinum comprised about 36 species distinguished by their macro-characters. Ten years later, in 2005, only 14 were still recognized based on DNA analysis (Kibby 2011). It has been proven that some traditional traits, which seemed once very important (for example flesh color changes when cut) have little significance. A new genus Leccinellum was established based on characteristics of hypha in hut cuticle. Yet not all mycologists agree with this approach. Such situation reflects in the fact that in Index Fungorum (IF) current name of this observation is probably Leccinellum griseum, while MycoBank still keeps with the current name Leccinum griseum. There are several ambiguities about species names and I am not sure I handled them correctly. Be that as it may this species doesn't look too appealing for photography, particularly not when old (as on these photos). But it is quite common in Slovenia and edible, and of very good taste (when younger). In this observation it was growing solitary. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (15,1) 15,3 - 16,7 (17,4) (5,2) 5,3 - 5,9 (6,3) m; Q = (2,4) 2,7 - 3,1 (3,2); N = 10; Me = 15,9 5,6 m; Qe = 2,8. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si.(2) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 56.(3)
www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Leccinellum&espece=griseum m (accessed March 6. 2018)(4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 275.(5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 70.
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British soldiers lichen, Cladonia cristatella. Maine, 28th November 2008, mixed coastal forest. The identification by Bob Andersen (thanks Bob) is tentative and I would welcome confirmation or correction
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Phellodon tomentosusZoned PhellodonSlo.: blazinasti plutozobDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38281 Long.: 13.78569Code: Bot_463/2010_IMG2681 Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. Place: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30.Ref.:(1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628.(4)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~sou...(5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .
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Mycena alba (Bres.) Khn., syn.: Mycena corticola ss. Bres., Omphalia alba Bres., Marasmiellus albus (Bres.) SingerWhite bonnet, DE: Weisser RindenhelmlingSlo.: belkasta eladicaDat.: Dec. 07. 2014Lat.: 46.35535 Long.: 13.69859Code: Bot_853/2014_DSC5112Habitat: alpine valley, river bank at the foot of steep north side of a mountain, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, river bank vegetation mostly consisting of Salix eleagnos, Ostrya carpinifolia, Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica; humid air and ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: growing in bark crevices of a live, standing, grown up Ostrya carpinifolia covered by liverworts (Frullania sp. or eventually Radula sp.), mosses and lichens.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, about 100 m downstream of the river bridge leading to the farmhouse 'Matev', Trenta 3, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: According to Breitenbach (1995) (Ref.:1) only three 'winter' species of very large genus Mycena (over 200 species worldwide (Ref.:2) and 64 described in Slovenia (Ref.:3)) have round or almost round spores. Descriptions of Mycena alba in literature nicely fit to this observation. The species is considered rare almost everywhere (Ref.:2). There are only a few observations in Slovenia registered in the Boletus Informaticus data base so far. However the mushroom is probably much more frequent as data show. There is no doubt that it is overlooked frequently, since it is small. As far as I was able to check Ostrya carpinifolia has not been recorded yet as a host.Growing solitary in a group of more than 30 pilei all around a single tree trunk from 0.5 m to 1.8 m above ground level; pilei diameter 4 - 9 mm, stipe 5 - 8 mm long, diameter about 0.5 mm; taste poorly tested since the fungi are so small, apparently indistinctive; smell indistinctive; flesh quite firm considering miniature size of fruit bodies; SP faint, probably white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7 [7.7 ; 8] 8.8 x 5.7 [6.5 ; 6.8] 7.6 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 6.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia(1995), p 260.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 428. S rundoder fast rund(3) A. Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene) (Slovenian checklist of Fungi), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol. Soc. of Slovenia (1998), p 51.(4)
home.online.no/~araronse/Mycenakey/alba.htm (5)
www.museum-joanneum.at/fileadmin//user_upload/Stundienzen...
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Diatrypella favacea (Fr.) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Sphaeria favacea Fr., Diatrype favacea Fr., Microstoma favaceum (Fr.) Auersw., Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke.Birch Blackhead, DE: Birken-Eckenscheibchen, Warziges EckenscheibchenSlo.: brezova predirnicaDat.: March 6. 2017Lat.: 46.35975 Long.: 13.70052Code: Bot_1035/2017_DSC6829Habitat: Light wood and bushes on the edge of a small alpine pasture, moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.020 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Dead, still standing, almost horizontally positioned branch of Corylus avellana.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near abandoned farmhouse Strgulc, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Taxonomy of genus Diatrypella is not yet settled on species level, even not on genus level. Consequently the descriptions in literature of the habit and host(s) of the species under the name Diatrypella favacea vary widely. There are mainly two approaches; 'lumpers' consider Diatrypella favacea in broader sense and consider different spore sizes of finds on different hosts as insignificant, while 'splitters' find these differences significant (among other traits) and recognize several host specific species. According to them this find would clearly be Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nke., which grows on Corylus sp. only. They consider Diatrypella favacea a species bound exclusively on Betula sp.. I follow Index Fungorum where these taxa (and others) are considered synonyms. Stromata 2-5.5 mm in diameter, ostioles of mature stromata small, barely visible, when old and weathered much larger; stromata mostly on the upper side of the branch; branch decayed, about 5 cm in diameter; attempt to extract pigments using 5% KOH was negative. Spores smooth, curved. Dimensions: 6,2 [7,2 ; 7,6] 8,6 x 1,4 [1,7 ; 1,8] 2,1 microns; Q = 3,2 [4 ; 4,3] 5,1 ; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 7,4 x 1,8 microns; Qe = 4,2. Asci many spored. Olympus, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Osieck Eduard, AscoFrance. Many thanks for the links to relevant literature. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. SP 6-8/1.5 (3) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 327. SP 6-7/0.5-2(4) Vasilyeva, L.N. & S.L. Stephenson, Pyrenomycetes of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. II. Cryptovalsa Ces. et De Not. and Diatrypella (Ces. et De Not.) Nitschke (Diatrypaceae), Fungal Diversity (2005), 19: 189-200.
www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/19-12.pdf key ? , large ostioles; only, on Betula, SP 6-8 long, Breitenbach: stromata with 'barely visible ostioles(5)
www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/17417.html SP 5-7/ 1 ogromne ostiole(6) Glawe, D.A. & J.D. Rogers, Diatrypaceae in the Pacific Northwest, Mycotaxon (1984), 20: 401-460; available at Cyberliber
www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0020/002/0430.htm (7) Croxall 1950 (Studies on British Pyrenomycetes. III. The British species of the genus Diatrypella Cesati & De Notaris, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. (1950), 33(1/2): 45-72.(8)
www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0593010 (see tab "artikelen').
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Sant'Eufemia a Maiella, Abruzzi, Italy
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Hydnellum concrescens (Pers.) Banker, syn.: Hydnum zonatum Batsch, Hydnum concrescens Pers., Hydnellum fasciatum (Peck) Coker & Beers, Phellodon fasciatus (Peck) Banker, Hydnum scrobiculatum subsp. zonatum (Batsch) S. Lundell, Hydnellum velutinum var. zonatum (Batsch) Maas GeestFamily: BankeraceaeEN: Zoned Tooth, DE: Gezonter KorkstachelingSlo.: zraena jeevkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2019Lat.: 46.358641 Long.: 13.702940Code: Bot_1258/2019_DSC01193Habitat: Mixed wood, locally Fagus sylvatica dominant; moderately steep mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1 840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, covered with organic debris, mostly rotten Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, next to the trail form farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2 to the bridge over Soa river leading to farmhouse Matev, Trenta 1, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Once all teeth fungi belonged to the genus Hydnum. Scientists believed that hymenophore of this unusual kind represents a trait, which guarantees a common ancestor. Today we know this conviction was a failure. Based on DNA analyses, old Hydnum members are presently placed in several genera, some of them are phylogenetically far apart. The teeth hymenophore has developed independently on several branches of phylogenetic tree. Old species Hydnum concrescens is presently placed in the genus Hydnellum. The fungus is very variable and, at the same time, very close to another member of the same genus Hydnellum scrobiculatum. Many mycologists state that a reliable distinction between both taxa, based on morphology alone, is impossible. The main difference between both taxa are size and shape of their spores. Hydnellum concrescens is supposed to have somewhat smaller spores. Several sources also claim that it is in mycorrhizal relation with broad leaved trees while Hydnellum scrobiculatum prefers conifers. The fungus is according to most sources rare, everywhere in sharp decline (Ref.: 2) and protected in several countries.Growing sometimes solitary, but mostly in groups and confluent (see Fig. 3; a pileus with 5 stipes). Pilei diameter from 4.5 to 8.5 cm; smell strong, mushroomy; taste indistinctive, slightly mushroomy; flesh strong, pliant, rubbery-corky; SP reddish-brown, oac701.Spores are irregularly sub-globose with very large irregular warts. Dimensions (measure without warts): (3,5) 4 - 5,1 (6) (2,9) 3,4 - 4,4 (5,9) m; Q = 1 - 1,3 (1,4); N = 30; Me = 4,6 4 m; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 222. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 376. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 472. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 325. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 210.(6)
www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/GezonterKorkstacheling.htm (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (7)
www.first-nature.com/fungi/hydnellum-concrescens.php (accessed Oct.5. 2019) (8) D. Parfitt, A.M. Ainsworth, D. Simpson, H.J. Rogers, L. Boddy, Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera Hydnellum and Phellodon, Mycological Research, Vol. 111, Issue 7 (2007), pp761-777,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953756207...
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Lactarius salmonicolorSlo.: lososova sirovka Dat.: Oct. 08. 2012Lat.: 46.42911 Long.: 13.61802Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5593Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, 500 m northeast of Mt. Planja, 1.553 m, near forest road to the foot of Mt. Mali vrh, 1.991 m, Loka Koritnica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857).Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
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Hingham, Massachusetts, United States
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Xerocomus chrysenteronRed Cracking Bolete, DE: Echter RotfussrhrlingSlo.: rdeebetna polstenkaDat.: Oct. 09. 2013Lat.: 46.39815 Long.: 13.70048Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8543Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant, almost flat terrain, on overgrown alluvial deposits, calcareous ground; full shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on lightly overgrown soil under Picea abies near its roots.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (mostly) dry Soa river bed, north of Bavki Grintavec mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This very beautiful mushroom was growing solitary; pileus diameter 9 cm; taste and smells faint; SP faint, brown, oac839. No typical red cracks on pileus surface observed. This species is considered very variable. Red stipe and cracked pileus surface with red context seen in the cracks seem to be two most distinctive traits of this bolete, however, they may also be totally absent.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 16.0 (SD= 1.3) x 5.1 (SD= 0.3) , Q= 3.1 (SD= 0.2), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 47. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 46. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 163. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 42. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 396. (6) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com
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Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) HhmPorcelain Mushroom, Poached Egg fungus, Beringter SchleimreblingSlo.: sluzasta irokolistkaDat.: Oct. 13. 2011Lat.: 46.34001 Long.: 13.71057Code: Bot_560/2011_DSC0186Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; steep mountain slope; northwest aspect; calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, large, dead Fagus sylvatica lying on ground, partly still in bark.Place: Vrsnik valley region, above the settlement 'Na skali', at the foot of Mt. Travniki rob, 2.135 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Oudemansiella mucida is one of the most beautiful mushrooms I know. It isn't colorful but impresses by its elegant shape and consistency. It is like made from half translucent porcelain and is wonderfully glistering in sun rays protruding through tree canopies because of its gelatinous, wet surface. It is actually a quite common species here around and almost always appears in large numbers on dead, mostly still standing Fagus sylvatica trunks, frequently appearing all along their length.Growing in groups of many fruit bodies, more than 200 fruitbodies found in this observation. Taste and smell indistinctive; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 15,4 [17,5 ; 18,4] 20,5 x 13,7 [15,2 ; 15,8] 17,2 microns; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 17,9 x 15,5 microns; Qe = 1,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 170. (2) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 335. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 200. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 116.(5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 308.
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Postia caesia, syn.: Oligoporus caesius, Tyromyces caesius Conifer Bluing Bracket, Blauer SaftporlingSlo.: modri skutovecDat.: Jan. 11. 2014Lat.: 46.37043 Long.: 13.72595Code: Bot_781/2014_DSC9756Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southeast oriented; calcareous ground; sunny place but in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.034 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on cut-off surface of a small, dead trunk of Picea abies lying on ground partly still in bark, in late initial stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, at the foot of southeast slopes of Mt. Pelc, 2.109 m (6.919 feet), between the second and the third switchback of the forest road to Berebica, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus 7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm, tube layer max 1.2 cm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh soft, fibrous, watery; bruising bluish-green-gray when handled; SP none; rather old sporocarp; spores taken from pore surface using soft, moist brush. Spores seem to be somewhat too small.Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. Dimensions: 4.6 (SD = 0.3) x 1.5 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.14 (SD = 0.29), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.
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Discina ancilis, syn.: Gyromitra ancilis, Discina perlata, Gyromitra perlataPig's Ear Fungus, DE: Grter Scheibling, Scheiben LorchelSlo.: iroka medaljonka, iroki hrekDat.: April 21. 2013Lat.: 46.33684 Long.: 13.56868Code: Bot_705/2013_DSC6028 Habitat: Light, mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily rotten Picea abies trunk laying on ground.Place: Bovec basin, on top of Rabeljnik hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary almost at the ground level, however attached to the wood, fruit body diameter 10.5 cm (4.1 inch), smell indistinctive, flesh rubbery but quite brittle when wet and hard and firm when dried; almost no SP, color indistinguishable; upper side of pilei brown-red (oac636), lower side appears waxy, pale whitish brown (oac718).Measured spores pose a problem. All asci in a tissue sample I examined were sterile. This is not unusual (see Ref.:7.) since fertile asci can be found only in fully mature sporocarps. In spite of that there were several scattered spores found in the sample taken from the fertile surface with a soft wet tip of a brush (picture of the spores is a CS combo!). However, only a few were fusiform with apiculi as it should be the case with Discina ancilis. Their dimensions fit more or less to the expected dimensions. The length of the rest of the spores is OK, but they are significantly too wide and of untypical shape. Possibly they belong to another fungus (?). Oil drops are also missing. Possibly these drops develop only in fully mature spores? Asci and paraphyses dimensions fit to expectations. Very similar Disciotis venosa has much smaller spores and distinct smell on chlorine. It also grows on soil, which was not the case with this observation.Spores smooth. Dimensions (all spores found): 37.6 (SD = 3.2) x 18.6 (SD = 2.4) , Q = 2,04 (SD = 0.26), n = 30; if only spindle form spores with apiculi are taken into account and measured without apiculi: 34,3 (SD = 2,9) x 15,8 (SD = 1,2) , Q = 2,2 (SD = 0.4), n = 5. Paraphyses septated, with swollen tips, full of grains, diameter about 7-9 at the tip and 4.5-6 in the middle, densely clustered. Asci sterile (no spores visible), about 16-20 diameter and about 450 in length. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/1.25, magnification 400 x in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot.(2) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 48. (3)
www.jstor.org/stable/3753296?seq=4 (4)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/DiscinaAncilis (5)
www.drustvo-bisernica.si/oldpage/discinaancilis.htm (6)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/DisciotisVenosa(7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 796. (8) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 798. (9)
www.mushroomexpert.com/gyromitra_perlata.html (10 ) R.M. Davis, R. Sommer, J.A. Menge, Mushrooms of Western North America, UC Press, Berkeley (2012), p 404.(11) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 798.(12)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5692.asp
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Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirt.) Hale, Syn.: Parmelia flaventior Stirt., Parmelia kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr.EN: no name found, DE: no name foundSI.: no name foundDat.: March 20. 2018Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.70262Code: Bot_1117/2018_DSC1315 Habitat: former mountain pastures with scattered trees and bushes; slightly inclined terrain, south aspect; colluvial, calcareous ground; full sun, dry place; elevation 600 m (1.950 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of medium to small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Flavopunctelia flaventior is a beautiful lichen, which seems to be quite rare in Slovenia. According to Ogris (2018) Ref.: 6 there are only three UTM squares known in the country where it has been found and registered. None of these finds lay in Alpine phytogeographical region of the country. However, GBIF- Austria, Ref.: 8 states a find in Bavica valley, which is in Alpine region and not far from this observation. The lichen is also rare in the region directly west of Posoje in NE Italy Ref.: 5 and also in Germany (Ref.: 7 and Ref.:1). It is interesting that this species appears more and more frequent during last few decades according to Ref.:1.Flavopunctelia flaventior can be recognized by slightly wrinkled upper surface od lobes with white, faintly reticulated pseudocyphellae and numerous, laminal and marginal soralia. Lower surface is dark in the thallus center with dark, short, simple rhizines and much lighter in color and without rhizines at the thallus margins. Only two specimens have been found on this tree.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 647.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 317.(3)
www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle... (accessed March 27. 2018)(4)
www.sharnoffphotos.com/lichensC/flavopunctelia_flaventior... (accessed March 29. 2018)(5)
dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&... (accessed March 29. 2018)(6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed March 29. 2018)(7)
www.flechten-deutschland.de/organismen/flavopunctelia-fla... (accessed March 29. 2018)(8)
www.gbif.at/ms/gbif/gbif/gbif_datenportal/gibf_suchearten/ (accessed March 29. 2018)(9) U. Suppan, J. Prugger, H. Mayrhofer, Lichen biodiversity in Slovenia, Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia,
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed March 29. 2018)
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr., syn.: Tulostoma granulosum LeveilleFringed Stalkball, DE: Gewimperte StielbovistSlo.: resasti puharDat.: Sept. 25. 2015Lat.: 46.36021 Long.: 13.70228Code: Bot_914/2015_DSC9243Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical regionSubstratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 'Na melu' place near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary.There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511.(5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia
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Selbitz, Bavaria, Germany