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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Pahkavaara, North Karelia, Finland
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A variable bracket fungus with angular pores, reported from Europe and North America. Photo from southwestern British Columbia.
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Black Hill Malvern Worcs. SO769410
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Ipswich, England, United Kingdom
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Booraan, Western Australia, Australia
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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A Spring species, here from timberline on Needle Peak, British Columbia.
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Hanko, Finland2009-10-24
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Calocera corneaSmall Stagshorn, Pfriemfoermige HoernlingSlo.: rogasti roikiDate: Sept. 11. 2009Lat.: 46.33481 Long.: 13.53083Code: Bot_377-2009-3276Habitat: mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, in shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 445 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen rotten deciduous tree, probably Acer sp., partly debarked, covered with mosses.Place: West of Bovec, near the trail to Pluna village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spore dimensions: 8.4 (SD=0.7) x 3.9 (SD=0.3) micr, n=30. No septa observed. Ref.:
www.mushroomexpert.com/calocera_cornea.htmlR.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 140. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 675.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Cortinarius aureofulvus M.M. MoserLarge, robust, strikingly bright Webcaps of sect. Phlegmacium appearing in our relic dune pine forest in late summer and early autumn. Some local idiots, however, upon discovering that these magnificent fungi are not slippery jacks (Suillus spp.) kick, stomp and destroy them - probably it's their idea of caring about fellow humans, similar to the barbaric notion of killing off predators for the good of their prey. I don't know what's wrong with those people. Probably everything.
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Helvella lacunosa Afz. ex Fr.Slate Grey Saddle, Elfin Saddle, DE: Gruben-LorchelSlo.: jamiasti loputarDat.: Nov. 1. 2015Lat.: 46.40878 Long.: 13.70856Code: Bot_925/2015_DSC9731Habitat: alpine valley; extensively grazed pasture with scattered trees; Larix decidua, Betula pendula, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; among low grasses and mosses under two Larix decidua trees, however also in the reach of the roots of Betula pendula and Picea abies; almost flat terrain; colluvial, calcareous ground; partly sunny; average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 885 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, about 50 m upstream of the mountain cottage 'Koa pri izviru Soe', next to access dirt road to Zapodn place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Fungi in genus Helvella are ascomycete. Their spores grow within 'sacs' called asci and not at the ends of the cells (basidia), of the hymenium (asci bearing surface of fungus) as it is the case with basidiomycetes - that is with 'traditional' mushrooms like boletes, milkcaps or blewits. I like them because they are much less known, less researched and of very different shapes. Their determination seems to me much more interesting (and easier, at least with the big ones) than, for example, distinguishing between 250+ Russula species. But this is, of cause, a matter of personal inclination. The photographed fungi were deep black with a cobalt-blue tint. Only two fruitbodies were found; hymenophor dimensions of the larger 3.5 x 3 x 4 cm, fruitbody 9.5 cm tall (extended), stipe 6 cm long, 2.5 cm wide at the base, in cross-section chambered; the smaller hymenophor measured 2.2 x 2.5 x 3.5 cm, fruitbody was 5 cm tall, stipe 1.3 cm wide, also chambered; flesh fragile; smell unpleasant, on soil or dirty socks; taste indistinctive, mildly mushroomy; SP faint, apparently whitish, oac color could not be determined.Spores smooth with a large oil drop. Dimensions: 18.5 [20.2 ; 21.6] 23.3 x 13 [13.6 ; 14.2] 14.8 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.4 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 11; C = 95%; Me = 20.9 x 13.9 microns; Qe = 1.5. Asci dimensions: 220 [260.5 ; 310.4] 350 x 14.8 [17.7 ; 21.3] 24.3 microns; Q = 10.3 [13.1 ; 16.5] 19.2; N = 7; C = 95%; Me = 285 x 19.5 microns; Qe = 14.8. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hymenium, paraphyses, excipulum), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (asci); in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 360. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 328.(3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1108. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 815. (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 272.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 608.(x) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 54.
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Chaenotheca chrysocephalaEBP# 1392USA: OR: Benton Co.
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Peltigera rufescensField Dog-lichenDate: May 10. 2008Lat.: 46.37966 Long.: 13.78834Code: Bot_260/2008-7818 Habitat: on top of a south oriented dirt road cut, almost full sun, dry, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet)Substratum: moss and calcareous soil encrusted base of tree stumpPlace: Zadnjica valley, halfway from terminal parking place to the end of the dirt road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECRef: C.Smith et all, The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p672I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p520V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol.2, p689
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kaulusvalmuska
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I'm pretty sure as I can be without microscopic examination that it's this very distinctive species. I accidentally found that it had a very brittle stipe. Ooops. :-( After the photographs, I carefully placed the cap so the gills were towards the ground. At least the poor thing could then still drop its spores.
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Agaricus hondensis, known as the Felt-ring Agaricus, from the Pacific Northwest of North America. Poisonous
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tammenlehtinahikassyn. Marasmius quercusEspoo, Finland2010-11-07
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Mycena aciculaOrange Bonnet, Orangeroter HelmlingSlo.: bucikasta eladicaDate: Sept. 11. 2009Lat.: 46.33496 Long.: 13.53004Code: Bot_377/2009-3466Habitat: Mixed deciduous forest, next to a chart road, modestly inclined south oriented slope, humid and shady place, direct rain protected by canopies of trees, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 435 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a small ~20 mm long and 4-5 mm diameter heavily rotten piece of a branch of a deciduous tree or bush covered by several layers of leaf debris. Place: West of Bovec, near a trail to Pluzna village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: The smallest mushroom with gills in my life.Nikon D70 / AF Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8 / ring-flash Vivitar, Macroflash 5000
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Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.:Fr.) Karst., syn.: Boletus crispus Pers.Smoky Bracket, DE: Angebrannter RauchporlingSlo.: osmojena bjerkanderaDat.: Dec. 09. 2014Lat.: 46.35624 Long.: 13.69918Code: Bot_854/2014_DSC5245Habitat: alpine valley, river bank, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, river bank vegetation mostly consisting of Salix eleagnos, Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica; humid air and ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead wood, a stump of cut down Salix eleagnos in its late initial phase of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 50 m downstream of the bridge to the farmhouse 'Matev', Trenta 3, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: There exist two species of the genus Bjerkandera growing in Europe and also in Slovenia: Bjerkandera adusta and Bjerkandera fumosa. Both have very variable and irregular habitus and can be found pileate, effuse reflexed and also totally resupinate. Bjerkandera adusta is more common and can be distinguished from Bjerkandera fumosa by its very, very small more or less angular pores (5-7/mm), darker gray pore surface with pale margin and smaller spores. But distinguishing is not always easy. Bjerkandera adusta can be found during the whole year but it sporulates only at temperatures below 10 deg C (Ref.:4). So, one can hope to get spore print only during colder seasons of my country. Generally in the literature the pilei are described as azonate or only weakly zonate, however when they are very young this apparently doesn't hold (see Fig.4).Growing in imbricate groups of several fruit bodies; pilei 1.2 - 2.8 cm across, trama pale brown, corky-fibrous (cannot be chewed over but can be nicely cut with a razor), up to 4.5 mm thick, pore layer dark-grey and distinctly darker then trama, about 1 mm thick; stipe absent; taste mild, slightly unpleasant but not bitter; smell on sour earth similar to Trametes versicolor; SP faint, whitish. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.5 ; 4.7] 5.1 x 2.6 [2.9 ; 3] 3.4 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.8; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 4.6 x 3 microns; Qe = 1.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 268.S (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 168. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 486. (5) A. Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 139.