Decorated Velvet Spiders

Figure 71.Distribution of Paradonea species. Circles, Paradonea striatipes; squares, Paradonea splendens; inverted triangles, Paradonea variegata; diamonds, Paradonea parva; triangles, Paradonea presleyi sp. n. Primary type localities with all black symbols, those for other localities with white center.

Figure 51.Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the spider family Eresidae based on mixed model analysis (eight data partitions, manually adjusted alignment; see Miller et al. 2010a); outgroups not shown, see Fig. S1. For the genus Gandanameno, DNA specimen codes are substituted for taxonomic name and specimens are linked to their collection locality in southern Africa. Male specimens indicated by male symbol, female specimens indicated either by a female symbol or a square, the darkness of which indicates the strength and presence of cuspules, scored as in Fig. 50. Branches drawn proportional to change. Numbers at nodes are percent posterior probabilities of 50 or greater.

Figure 10.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–B Paradonea striatipes C–D Paradonea splendens E–H Paradonea variegata I–L Seothyra henscheli A–D, E–F, I–J male G–H, K–L female. A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view G illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on horizontal axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 13.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Eresus kollari from res. Radotinske udoli, Czechia (MR007, MR) D–F Gandanameno sp. from Van Riebeeck Park, Western Cape, South Africa (CASENT 9023763, CAS) G–I Loureedia annulipes from Haluqim Ridge, Israel (PET03, MR) J, K Paradonea striatipes from Otjivasandu (NMN), Namibia L Paradonea splendens from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) A, D, G, J, L prolateral view B, H, K retrolateral view E ventral view C, F, I expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.

Figure 68.A–J males of Paradonea striatipes and Paradonea splendens. A–C, G, H Paradonea striatipes, male from Otjivasandu, Namibia (NMN) D–F, I, J Paradonea splendens, male from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) A–F habitus of male, photomicrographs G–J illustrations of left male palp A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F anterior view G, I prolateral view H, J retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 71.Distribution of Paradonea species. Circles, Paradonea striatipes; squares, Paradonea splendens; inverted triangles, Paradonea variegata; diamonds, Paradonea parva; triangles, Paradonea presleyi sp. n. Primary type localities with all black symbols, those for other localities with white center.

Figure 12.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Adonea fimbriata from Algeria-Morocco (MR012, MR) D–F Dorceus fastuosus from Mashabin Sand Dunes, Israel (MR006, HUJ) G–I Dresserus sp. from Manga Forest Reserve, Tanzania J–L Eresus walckenaeri from Leptokaryas, Greece (MR020, MR) A, D, G, J prolateral view B, E, K retrolateral view H ventral view C, F, I, L expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.

Figure 33.A–K Dresserus sp. A–D male from Manga Forest Reserve, Tanzania (ZMUC), image D reversed E–H female from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025747, CAS) I–K male from Mazumbai, Tanzania (CASENT 9025746, CAS) A–D habitus of male, photomicrographs E–H habitus of female, photomicrographs I–K illustrations of left male palp A, E dorsal view B, F ventral view C, G anterior view D, H lateral view I prolateral view J ventral view K retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 48.A–F Gandanameno sp., illustrations of left male palp. A–C from Naauwpoort, North West Province, South Africa (SAM 1600, SAM) D from Van Riebeeck Park, Western Cape, South Africa (CASENT 9023763, CAS) E from Graaff-Reinet, Eastern Cape, South Africa (SAM 12571, SAM) F from Hanover, South Africa (SAM 9465, SAM) A obliquely retrolateral view B, D–F ventral view C obliquely prolateral view. All images at the same scale. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 11.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted Stegodyphus species. A–D Stegodyphus lineatus E–H Stegodyphus mimosarum I–L Stegodyphus sarasinorum. A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view A illustrates example of median eyes separated on horizontal axis; E illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on vertical axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 70.A–I males of Paradonea parva and Paradonea presleyi sp. n., habitus, photomicrographs. A–F Paradonea parva A–C male holotype from junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, South Africa (B3701, SAM) D–F male from 4 km N of Hopetown, Northern Cape, South Africa (AcAT 97/988, NCA). G–I male holotype of Paradonea presleyi sp. n. from Falcon College, Zimbabwe (CASENT 9039236, CAS) A, D, G dorsal view B, E, H ventral view C, F, I anterior view.

Figure 10.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–B Paradonea striatipes C–D Paradonea splendens E–H Paradonea variegata I–L Seothyra henscheli A–D, E–F, I–J male G–H, K–L female. A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view G illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on horizontal axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 13.A–L Left male palpi of eresid species, photomicrographs. A–C Eresus kollari from res. Radotinske udoli, Czechia (MR007, MR) D–F Gandanameno sp. from Van Riebeeck Park, Western Cape, South Africa (CASENT 9023763, CAS) G–I Loureedia annulipes from Haluqim Ridge, Israel (PET03, MR) J, K Paradonea striatipes from Otjivasandu (NMN), Namibia L Paradonea splendens from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) A, D, G, J, L prolateral view B, H, K retrolateral view E ventral view C, F, I expanded palp. BH basal haematodocha MH median haematodocha.

Figure 14.A–L Left male palpi of Paradonea species, photomicrographs. A Paradonea splendens from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) B, C Paradonea variegata from Breekkierie Dunes, Northern Cape, South Africa (C1062, SAM) D–I Paradonea parva D–F holotype from junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, South Africa (B3701, SAM) G–I from 4 km N of Hopetown, Northern Cape, South Africa (AcAT 97/988, NCA) J–L Paradonea presleyi sp. n. holotype from Falcon College, Zimbabwe (CASENT 9039236, CAS) A, C, F, I, L retrolateral view B, D, G, J prolateral view E, H, K ventral view.

Figure 68.A–J males of Paradonea striatipes and Paradonea splendens. A–C, G, H Paradonea striatipes, male from Otjivasandu, Namibia (NMN) D–F, I, J Paradonea splendens, male from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) A–F habitus of male, photomicrographs G–J illustrations of left male palp A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F anterior view G, I prolateral view H, J retrolateral view. C conductor E embolus ST subtegulum T tegulum.

Figure 71.Distribution of Paradonea species. Circles, Paradonea striatipes; squares, Paradonea splendens; inverted triangles, Paradonea variegata; diamonds, Paradonea parva; triangles, Paradonea presleyi sp. n. Primary type localities with all black symbols, those for other localities with white center.

Figure 8.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids A–D Adonea fimbriata E–H Dorceus fastuosus I–L Dresserus sp. A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view. Dashed line in I drawn tangential to the mesal margin of the PME does not intersect with the AME indicating median eyes separated on vertical axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 9.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–D Eresus kollari E–H Gandanameno sp. I–L Loureedia annulipes A–B, E–F, I–J male C–D, G–H, K–L female A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 2.A–H Habitus of living Eresidae, photographs. A, B Eresus kollari A adult female from Hungary (photo by Tamás Szűts) B adult male from Kadaň, Czechia, (photo by Pavel Krásenský) C, E Eresus walckenaeri; C adult female from Greece (photo by Sergio Henriques) D adult male from Mihas, Greece (photo by Martin Forman) E juvenile female F Seothyra sp., juvenile female, from Brandberg, Namibia (photo by Martin Forman) G, H Paradonea variegata (photos by Martin Forman) G juvenile female from Betta, Namibia H adult male from Homeb, Namibia.

Figure 3.A–I Habitus of living Stegodyphus, photographs. A–C Stegodyphus lineatus A adult female from Hurghada, Egypt B adult female from Negev desert, Israel (photo by Rudolf Macek) C adult female from Shoam, Israel (photo by Amir Weinstein) D juvenile Stegodyphus tibialis feeding on their mother, Dali, China (photo by Yang Zi-Zhong) E Stegodyphus mimosarum, male (black arrow), females and a kleptoparasite Archeodictyna (white arrow) F Stegodyphus mimosarum, mass attack on a carabid G a female Stegodyphus dumicola feeding her offsprings H a pompilid wasp larva feeds on a female Stegodyphus dumicola (photos E–H by Teresa Meikle) I Stegodyphus sp. female from ShweSettaw Wildlife Reservation, Myanmar (photo by Dong Lin).

Figure 10.A–L Schematic illustrations of the carapace of assorted eresids. A–B Paradonea striatipes C–D Paradonea splendens E–H Paradonea variegata I–L Seothyra henscheli A–D, E–F, I–J male G–H, K–L female. A, C, E, G, I, K anterior view B, D, F, H, J, L dorsal view G illustrates example of median eyes overlapping on horizontal axis. Dashed lines at posterior of carapace indicate uncertainty. Not to scale.

Figure 14.A–L Left male palpi of Paradonea species, photomicrographs. A Paradonea splendens from Sunnyside, South Africa (C1076, SAM) B, C Paradonea variegata from Breekkierie Dunes, Northern Cape, South Africa (C1062, SAM) D–I Paradonea parva D–F holotype from junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, South Africa (B3701, SAM) G–I from 4 km N of Hopetown, Northern Cape, South Africa (AcAT 97/988, NCA) J–L Paradonea presleyi sp. n. holotype from Falcon College, Zimbabwe (CASENT 9039236, CAS) A, C, F, I, L retrolateral view B, D, G, J prolateral view E, H, K ventral view.

Figure 18.A–L Epigyna of eresid species, photomicrographs. A, D Loureedia annulipes from Wadi Mashash, Negev, Israel (MR019, MR) B, E Paradonea variegata from Steinkopf, Northern Cape, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB) C, F Seothyra henscheli; C from Kuiseb River, Gobabeb, Namibia (SMN 46627, NMN) F from Sout Rivier, Namibia (CASENT 9039242, CAS) G, J Stegodyphus lineatus from Belkis, near Birecor, Turkey (MR015, MR) H, K Stegodyphus mimosarum H from Forêt d'Analalava, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar (CASENT 9015950, CAS) K from Réserve Spéciale de Cap Sainte Marie, Toliara, Madagascar (CASENT 9012844, CAS) I, L Stegodyphus sarasinorum from 7.5 km E PwintPhyu, Magway Division, Myanmar (CASENT 9019370, CAS) A–C, G–I ventral view D–F, J–L dorsal view, cleared. AL anterior lobe ML median lobe S spermatheca SH spermathecal head.

Figure 69.A–H Paradonea variegata. A–C, G–H male from Breekkierie Dunes, Northern Cape, South Africa (C1062, SAM) D–F female from Steinkopf, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB) A–C habitus of male, photomicrographs D–F habitus of female photomicrographs G–H illustrations of left male palp A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F anterior view G prolateral view H retrolateral view. C conductor ST subtegulum T tegulum.