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Viviparous Spike Rush

Eleocharis vivipara Link

Comments

provided by eFloras
Most specimens of Eleocharis vivipara are from Florida. Identification of vegetative (often aquatic) specimens is sometimes tentative. Eleocharis vivipara is often confused with E. microcarpa and E. brittonii, and sometimes with E. baldwinii. The red-spotted band at the sheath apex and the gray, cancellate achenes are characteristic of E. vivipara.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants perennial, short-rhizomatous, forming dense clumps, often entirely vegetative; rhizomes caudexlike, ascending, internodes and scales hidden by crowded culms and sheaths, 0.5 mm thick. Culms often arching, often sering as stolons, broadly elliptic, (4–)7–38(–45) cm × (0.1–)0.3–0.7 mm, soft to firm. Leaves: distal leaf sheaths persistent or disintegrating, yellowish to pale brown, sometimes mottled or wholly red-brown, membranaous to papery, apex acute to narrowly obtuse. Spikelets: basal spikelets absent; usually proliferous, ovoid to ellipsoid to linear or terete, 3.3–9.6 × 1.2–2.3 mm, apex acute; proximal scale empty, persistent, amplexicaulous, similar to floral scales (usually slightly longer, midrib broadly green); subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales spiraled, 5–25, 4–8 per mm of rachilla, pale brown, usually spotted, streaked or mottled red-brown to purple, midribs green or green and red-brown, elliptic to obovate, 1.8–2.7 × 1–1.5 mm, membranous to chartaceous (papery), midrib evident to prominent, apex rounded to obtuse. Flowers: perianth bristles 5–6, red-brown (proximally often white), shorter than to equaling tubercle, rarely longer, 0.9–1.3(–2) mm; spinules sparse, retrorse, sharply acute; stamens 3; anthers yellow, 0.8–1.8 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes gray or greenish, obovoid or obpyriform, trigonous, angles very prominent, 0.6–0.9 × 0.55–0.8 mm, apex constricted proximal to tubercle, finely honeycomb-reticulate at 10–20X, each face with 20 or more rows of evident enlarged cells. Tubercles whitish, gray, brown, or greenish black, pyramidal, trigonous, 0.2–0.5 × 0.4–0.5 mm.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Ala., Fla., Ga., La., N.C., S.C., Va.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Fruiting spring–fall.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Habitat

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Sandy and peaty soils, ditches, pond margins, shallow waters bordering pine-flatwoods and pine-palmetto scrub; 0–80m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Chlorocharis vivipara (Link) Rikli; Eleocharis curtisii Small
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 23: 61, 68, 70, 93, 94 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Eleocharis vivipara Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 283. 1827
Chlorocharis vivipara Rikli, Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 27 : 564. 1895. Eleocharis Ctirtisii Small, Man. SE. Fl. 165. 1933. (North Carolina.)
Erect from a stout often vertical rootstock covered by the culm-bases of the previous year ; roots coarse, deep brown ; culms 1-3 dm. high, filiform to 0.5 mm. wide, light green, faintly punctate, deeply striate to sulcate ; sheaths yellowish, often purple at the base, firm, acute and frequently lightly purple-tipped at the apex ; spikelets linear-cylindric, acute, manyflowered, 3-8 mm. long, usually wholly proliferous and seldom perfecting fruit; scales appressed, obtuse, 2 mm. long, usually without a keel, dark chestnut on the sides, with whitish hyaline margin, the lowest somewhat larger, erect and appressed to the base of the spikelet ; style trifid ; achene triangular, obovate, 1 mm. long, dark gray, coarsely reticulate to canccllate ; style-base pyramidal, narrower than the achene, light gray to nearly black with a whitened elevated ridge at the base ; bristles reddish-brown, closely retrorse-toothed, nearly equaling the achene.
Type locality : Grown at the Berlin Botanic Garden. Distribution : Swamps on the coastal plain : Virginia to Florida.
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bibliographic citation
Henry Knut Svenson. 1957. (POALES); (CYPERACEAE); SCIRPEAE (CONTINUATIO). North American flora. vol 18(9). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Eleocharis vivipara

provided by wikipedia EN

Eleocharis vivipara is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by several common names, including umbrella hairgrass, sprouting spikerush, and viviparous spikerush. It is native to the southern United States from eastern Texas to eastern Virginia.[2] It takes the form of a clump of thin stems. A spike of flowers appears at the tip of the stem. The plant may also reproduce by growing a plantlet and runners.[3]

Eleocharis vivipara may grow in the water or on land. When it is aquatic it uses C3 carbon fixation pathways for photosynthesis. When it grows out of the water it switches to the C4 mechanism.

This species grows along the margins of water bodies, such as ponds, marshes, and ditches.

Cultivation

It can also be cultivated and used as an aquarium plant.[4]

References

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Eleocharis vivipara: Brief Summary

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Eleocharis vivipara is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known by several common names, including umbrella hairgrass, sprouting spikerush, and viviparous spikerush. It is native to the southern United States from eastern Texas to eastern Virginia. It takes the form of a clump of thin stems. A spike of flowers appears at the tip of the stem. The plant may also reproduce by growing a plantlet and runners.

Eleocharis vivipara may grow in the water or on land. When it is aquatic it uses C3 carbon fixation pathways for photosynthesis. When it grows out of the water it switches to the C4 mechanism.

This species grows along the margins of water bodies, such as ponds, marshes, and ditches.

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Ituluikka ( Finnish )

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Ituluikka (Eleocharis vivipara) on luikkien sukuun kuuluva kasvilaji. Sitä kutsutaan myös nimellä tupsuneulaheinä[1], joka on hieman harhaanjohtava nimi, sillä laji ei kuulu heinäkasvien (Poaceae) heimoon, vaan sarakasvien (Cyperaceae) heimoon.

Ituluikan varret ovat poikkileikkaukseltaan leveän soikeita ja ituluikka muistuttaa ulkonäöltään paljolti muita luikkia. Ituluikan voi sekoittaa muun muassa Eleocharis microcarpa, Eleocharis brittonii tai Eleocharis baldwinii -lajeihin. Ituluikka muodostaa usein tiheitä kasvustoja lähestulkoon pelkästään kasvullisesti.[2] Ituluikka voi kasvupaikastaan riippuen yhteyttää joko C3- tai C4-metabolian kautta.

Ituluikka kasvaa erilaisilla kosteilla, hiekka- tai turvepohjaisilla paikoilla, kuten järvien rannoilla, ojissa, kosteikoilla sekä marskimailla. Ituluikkaa tavataan luontaisena Yhdysvaltojen eteläosissa, kuten Floridassa, Virginiassa ja Texasissa[3]. Suomessa ituluikkaa ei tavata luonnonvaraisena.

Ituluikkaa käytetään akvaariokasvina ja siitä on myynnissä eri lajikkeita tähän tarkoitukseen.

Lähteet

  1. Kassu – Kasvien suomenkieliset nimet finto.fi. Viitattu 27.3.2017.
  2. Flora of North America www.efloras.org. Viitattu 27.3.2017.
  3. Eleocharis vivipara – UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Viitattu 27.3.2017. (englanniksi)
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Wikipedian tekijät ja toimittajat
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Ituluikka: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

provided by wikipedia FI

Ituluikka (Eleocharis vivipara) on luikkien sukuun kuuluva kasvilaji. Sitä kutsutaan myös nimellä tupsuneulaheinä, joka on hieman harhaanjohtava nimi, sillä laji ei kuulu heinäkasvien (Poaceae) heimoon, vaan sarakasvien (Cyperaceae) heimoon.

Ituluikan varret ovat poikkileikkaukseltaan leveän soikeita ja ituluikka muistuttaa ulkonäöltään paljolti muita luikkia. Ituluikan voi sekoittaa muun muassa Eleocharis microcarpa, Eleocharis brittonii tai Eleocharis baldwinii -lajeihin. Ituluikka muodostaa usein tiheitä kasvustoja lähestulkoon pelkästään kasvullisesti. Ituluikka voi kasvupaikastaan riippuen yhteyttää joko C3- tai C4-metabolian kautta.

Ituluikka kasvaa erilaisilla kosteilla, hiekka- tai turvepohjaisilla paikoilla, kuten järvien rannoilla, ojissa, kosteikoilla sekä marskimailla. Ituluikkaa tavataan luontaisena Yhdysvaltojen eteläosissa, kuten Floridassa, Virginiassa ja Texasissa. Suomessa ituluikkaa ei tavata luonnonvaraisena.

Ituluikkaa käytetään akvaariokasvina ja siitä on myynnissä eri lajikkeita tähän tarkoitukseen.

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Eleocharis vivipara ( Vietnamese )

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Eleocharis vivipara là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cói. Loài này được Link mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1827.[2]

Chú thích

  1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Eleocharis vivipara. Truy cập ngày 11 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Eleocharis vivipara: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Eleocharis vivipara là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cói. Loài này được Link mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1827.

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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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wikipedia VI