Comments
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The flowers are very fragrant and yield perfumed oil. They are used in cooking and medicinally to treat conjunctivitis.
Material from outside China varies greatly in corolla size and shape and, to a lesser extent, in leaf shape. It is not clear whether a species complex or a single polymorphic species,
possibly including the two following species, is involved.
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Description
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Twining shurb, juice milky, branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 5-10.5 cm long, ovate, glabrous or puberulous specially on the nerves, a few glands at the base of the midrib above, base cordate, tip acuminate. Petiole 1.2-3.8 cm long. Flowers in umbellate cymes, arising singly at nodes. Peduncle c. 6.5 cm long. Pedicels 1.3 cm long, pubescent. Bract c. 3.5 cm long, linear, caducous. Calyx lobes c. 5 mm long, hairy outside, alternating with small solitary glands. Corolla pale yellow, c. 1.8 cm long, salver-shaped, tube swollen at the base, lobes about twice as long as the tube, linear-oblong, glabrous, twisted in bud. Corona in 1 series, of erect membranous processes arising from the base and adnate to the staminal column. Filaments united, anthers with long membranous, pointed appendages. Pollinia solitary in each locule. Stigma large, umbonate. Follicles solitary, 3.8-10 x 1.8 cm, straight, smooth, tapering to a point. Seed c. 1 cm long, flat, pale-brown, margin conspicuous, coma c. 2.5 cm long.
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Description
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Stems 1-10 m, yellowish green, pubescent when new, those of previous year pale gray, glabrescent, usually sparsely lenticellate. Petiole 1.5-5 cm; leaf blade ovate, 4-12 × 3-10 cm, base deeply cordate with narrow sinus, apex acuminate; basal veins 3, lateral veins to 6 pairs. Cymes umbel-like, 15-30-flowered; peduncle 0.5-1.5 cm, puberulent. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, puberulent. Corolla yellowish green; tube 6-10 × 4-6 mm, puberulent outside, pilose or glabrous with pilose throat inside; lobes oblong, 6-12 × 3-6 mm, ciliate. Corona lobes slightly fleshy, basal part ovate, apex acuminate, often notched to deeply lobed, internal appendage often longer than lobe proper. Pollinia oblong or reniform. Stigma head capitate. Follicles lanceolate in outline, 7-13 × 2-3.5 cm, glabrous, somewhat obtusely 4-angled. Seeds broadly ovate, ca. 1 × 1 cm, flat, apex truncate, margin membranous; coma 3-4 cm. Fl. May-Oct, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 22.
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Distribution
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Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab), Kashmir, India (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Behar, Central and S. India); Burma (vide Hook. f., l.c.).
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: July-August.
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Habitat & Distribution
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Open woods, bushland. Guangdong, Guangxi; cultivated elsewhere in S China [India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam; Europe, North and South America].
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Synonym
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Asclepias cordata N. L. Burman, Fl. Indica 72, fig. 2. 1768; Cynanchum odoratissimum Loureiro; Oxystelma ovatum P. T. Li & S. Z. Huang; Pergularia minor Andrews; P. odoratissima (Loureiro) Smith; Telosma minor (Andrews) Craib; T. odoratissima (Loureiro) Coville.
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Telosma cordata
provided by wikipedia EN
Telosma cordata (Chinese: 夜來香; lit. 'night-blooming fragrance') is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae (tribe Marsdenieae), native to China and Indo-China. It is cultivated elsewhere and may occur wild as an introduced species. Common names include Chinese violet, cowslip creeper, Pakalana vine, Tonkin jasmine and Tonkinese creeper. The plant bears clusters of golden yellow blooms along the vining stems during summer months. Individual blooms emerge successively over a period of weeks emitting a rich, heavy fragrance during the day and night.
Characteristics
Telosma cordata is classified as a creeper that can climb as far as 2–5 meters. The vine is small, round and very tough; it is considered poisonous for pigs. As the tree is older, the vine will change from green to brown. The top is covered with dense white bush that can cover other trees completely. The plant can be reproduced by cutting or seeding and grows in airy soil in bright sunlight. It can be found in evergreen, mixed deciduous forests, grove woods and dry forests all over Indo-China.
Leaf
Telosma cordata has single heart-shaped leaves growing in pairs. The leaf is about 4–7.5 cm wide and about 6–11 cm long with smooth underside. The leaf is very thin, with veins that can be clearly seen. The stem is about 1.2–2 cm long.
Flower
The flowers bloom as a bouquet consisting of about 10–20 flowers. The greenish-yellow flower has a strong fragrance especially in the evening. It has a diameter of about 1.5 cm with 5 petals and 5 stamens which are connected to each other and to the pistils. The blooming season is usually March–May, although sometimes flowers can be found in July–October.
Fruit
The fruit is smooth, green and round with pointed ends. The interior contains many flat seeds with white fluff attached to the ends. The produce season is around June–August.
Uses
The top, fruit and flowers can all be consumed as vegetables. The top is believed to be the most nutritious part. The flower is used in desserts and for ornamental purposes in bouquets and wreaths. The plant's vines are tough and can be used as ropes. The wood can be used for construction in some cases. The plant has also been used for traditional medicinal purposes, as an antipyretic, an antidote for poison, a tranquilizer, and for the relief of backbone pain.[3]
See also
References
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^ illustration circa 1790 from James Edward Smith and James Sowerby – Icones pictae plantarum rariorum descriptionibus et observationibus illustratae
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^ Plants of the World Online (POWO), retrieved 12 October 2018
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^ Tanaka, Yoshitaka; Van Ke, Nguyen (2007). Edible Wild Plants of Vietnam: The Bountiful Garden. Thailand: Orchid Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-9745240896.
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Telosma cordata: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Telosma cordata (Chinese: 夜來香; lit. 'night-blooming fragrance') is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae (tribe Marsdenieae), native to China and Indo-China. It is cultivated elsewhere and may occur wild as an introduced species. Common names include Chinese violet, cowslip creeper, Pakalana vine, Tonkin jasmine and Tonkinese creeper. The plant bears clusters of golden yellow blooms along the vining stems during summer months. Individual blooms emerge successively over a period of weeks emitting a rich, heavy fragrance during the day and night.
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