Papio cynocephalus is a broadly distributed species, ranging through most of Eastern Africa south of the equatorial rain forests. These baboons occur in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Somalia, Tanzania, Zaire, and Zimbabwe. They are found east of the Luangwa in Zambia, in Northern Mozambique and throughout most of Tanzania.
This species is part of a complex of closely related African baboon species. We have an account of the whole genus under Papio.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Anubis baboons (P. anubis) are known to hybridize freely in the wild with yellow baboons, P. cynocephalus. In the Amboseli national park in Kenya, the amount of reported hybridization between these two species has increased over time. Researchers think that the increasing immigration of anubis males into yellow baboon troops is responsible for the increase noted in hybrid characters. Because the slopes of Mount Kilamanjaro are under increasing agricultural pressure, it is likely that anubis males have no alternative areas into which to emigrate.
The only differences noted in behavior of hybrid animals is that males with anubis-like features (e.g. coarser hair, longer manes, darker coloration, broader chests, and more sharply "broken" tails) tend to emigrate from their natal group as juveniles or subadults, rather than as full adults. This behavior has been seen occasionally in the anubis baboons of the Gombe preserve in Tanzania, but is not known in yellow baboons.
The hybridization between anubis and yellow baboons seems to have a long history. Interestingly, the Ibean form of yellow baboon, which has coarser hair than typical yellow baboons, a more pronounced mane, and other somewhat "anubis-like" features, is thought by some researchers to be evidence of the historical influx of anubis genes into yellow baboon populations.
As in all highly social species, communication is varied and complex. Yellow baboons utilize visual signals and gestures, vocalizations, and tactile communication.
Visual signals include social presenting, in which a female or juvenile displays its hind quarters to a male. It can also be done by a female who has approached another female with her black infant. This submissive signal differs from sexual presenting (which females do to elicit copulation), and is often accompanied by lip smacking. Staring is a threat behavior, the effect of which is enhanced by the differently colored fur in the region of the eye which is revealed when the baboon stares. Eyebrow raising reveals the lighter fur in the area of the eyelid, and is an aggressive gesture. Canine tooth display through a tension yawn is another threatening gesture. It can be directed toward a rival male, a predator, or is performed by lower-raking males toward higher-ranking males who are consorting with estrus females or who possess meat. Male baboons who are close to one another can use tooth grinding to threaten one another. Baboons retreating from high-tension situations use rapid glances to break tension. An adult male who is guarding sometimes sit with his erect penis is plain view. This penile display communicates the male’s presence to other males.
Teeth chattering and lipsmacking, although not technically vocalizations, are auditory cues of reassurance, often performed by a dominant animal when another is presenting to him.
Vocalizations made by yellow baboons include a two-phase bark, or "wahoo" call, which adult males direct toward feline predators or toward other males. It is thought to communicate the presence of the male and his arousal. Adult male yellow baboons make grunting vocalizations as a threat. Screeching is common during aggressive encounters, and can be made by any age or sex class. Subadult and adult yellow baboons produce a yakking call when retreating from a threatening animal. This call is often accompanied by a grimace of fear. A shrill bark is produced by all except adult males to indicate alarm, especially due to sudden disturbances. Rhythmic grunting may be produced by all yellow baboons except infants when they wish to signal amicable intentions to another animal. Finally, adult and subadult yellow baboons of both sexes are known to produce a dog-like bark when they become separated from the main part of the troop.
Tactile communciation is common in cercopithecines. Social grooming is used to reinforce social bonds, as well as to remove parasites and debris from the fur. Social mounting is a reassurance behavior. Anubis baboons also perform a friendly nose-to-nose greeting.
Chemical communication has not been reported for yellow baboons. However, female anubis baboons are known to produce aliphatic acids when they are sexually receptive. These acids are thought to enhance a female’s sexual attractiveness. Because there is considerable hybridization between anubis baboons and yellow baboons, and because the Ibean form of yellow baboons may have arizen originally through hybridization between typical yellow baboons and anubis baboons, it would be interesting to examine various yellow baboon populations for production of aliphatic acids.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Papio cynocepahlus is not thought to be especially threatened at this time. However, as is true of all primates, it is listed on CITES appendix II.
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Baboons are not shy creatures, and where they come into contact with humans, they can be problematic. They are known to raid crops, and can bite humans if approached too closely.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings); crop pest
Baboons are used heavily in biomedical and behavioral research. They are entertaining creatures enjoyed by zoo visitors and ecotourists.
Positive Impacts: ecotourism ; research and education
As predators, yellow baboons may affect the populations of prey items. As prey, they may support predator populations. Baboons may also help to disperse seeds, by passing some through their bodies undigested, or carrying fruits away from trees. They undoubtedly aid in soil aeration from digging for roots and tubers.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; soil aeration
Although generally described as frugivorous, yellow baboons are dietary generalists. they are known to eat pods, grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, roots, leaves, buds, bark, flowers, insects, and meat. They are known hunt and kill rabbits and vervet monkeys.
One feeding adaptation thought to be shared by all baboons is the ability to subsist on a relatively low quality diet. Baboons can subsist on grasses for extended periods of time. This allows them to exploit dry terrestrial habitats, like deserts, semideserts, steppes, and grasslands.
The feeding behavior of yellow baboons has been heavily studied, especially as it impacts survival of immature animals. Immatures born late in the wet season when the number of foods and food parts eaten is highest have the highest survival to four years of age. This makes sense, as there is ample food for the lactating mother. Survival of immatures is lowest for those born late in the dry season when the number of foods and food parts eaten is the lowest. Survival to two years closely parallels the feeding curves.
Animal Foods: mammals; carrion ; insects
Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit
Primary Diet: omnivore
Yellow baboons are found in savannah, grassland steppe, and rainforest habitats.
Habitat Regions: tropical
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; forest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
The maximum lifespan of a captive hamadryas baboon is measured at 37.5 years. A captive chacma baboon is reported to have lived 45 years in captivity. Although the lifespan of P. cynocephalus has not been reported, it is likely to be similar to these two species, although somewhat shorter than these in the wild.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 45.0 years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 40.0 years.
Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity: 35.1 years.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 27.7 years.
These monkeys are highly sexually dimorphic. Males weigh around 23 kg and females around 12 kg. The head and body length ranges between 508 and 1,143 mm, with the tail adding an additional 456 to 711 mm to the total length. These animals have 32 teeth. The first lower premolar is modified and serves as a hone for the upper canine tooth. Males have large canine teeth, whereas the teeth of females are much smaller. There is significant geographic variation in average body size and skull size, as well as in the texture of pelage. The three forms most often described are Ibean baboons, Kinda baboons, and "typical" yellow baboons.
The orientation of the face in yellow baboons is normal, helping to distinguish them from Papio ursinus which has a downwardly flexed face. The post-orbital constriction of these animals is less pronounced than in anubis and chacma baboons. Ibean yellow baboons have large skulls. Typical yellow baboons have medium to large skulls. Kinda baboons are noted for their greatly reduced cranial size, associated smaller teeth, and weakly expressed temporal lines.
Pelage is characteristically a yellowish-brown. This overall color is produced by individual hairs which are yellow-brown for most of their length but have a black tips. In typical yellow baboons, both males and females are unmaned. However, in the Ibean form of this species, males have a weakly expressed mane. It is not at all comparable to the large mane found in Papio hamadryas, Papio anubis, and Papio papio. The head has a prominent crest on the top, produced by the longish hairs which grow upward toward the crest. This helps to distinguish this species from P. anubis which has a "flat" head. The pelage of typical and Kinda forms of this species is straight. The hair of Kinda baboons is reported to be very silky in texture. In contrast, the hairs of Ibean baboons are wavey and coarser than those of the other yellow baboons. All yellow baboons have hands and feet that are the same color as the rest of the body, and silver-colored fringes on the hands and feet.
The skin of the face and around the ischial callosities of P. cynocephalus is purplish-black in both sexes. The bare area of the rump is much smaller in this species than in P. hamadryas or P. papio.
Tail shape varies geographically. The tail of Ibean baboons resembles that of P. anubis, with the proximal portion extending straight out from the rump, and the distal 3/4 falling limp, as if the tail has been broken. Kinda baboons have a gracefully arched tail. Typical yellow baboons generally have the bent phenotype, but are variable, with some individuals showing the arched tail morphology.
In Ibean and typical yellow baboons, the natal pelage is black. This fur is replaced by the typical yellowish-brown by about 6 months of age. In sharp contrast, the natal coat of Kinda baboons is a reddish-brown color.
Yellow baboons have a somewhat "pointed" nose, and are thinner through the chest than are anubis baboons.
Average mass: males, 23 kg; females 12 kg.
Range length: head and body: 508 to 1,143 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: male larger; ornamentation
Three predator species are known for yellow baboons. The predation rate varies by population, and is estimated at between 4 and 8 percent per year. Of those who fall victim to predation, about 40% are infants, 30% are juveniles, and 13% are adult females. The remainder are adult males.
Although yellow baboons typically flee when faced with a potential predator, they have also been reported to respond aggressively to potential predators. They have been observed killing domestic dogs, mobbing smaller carnivores, such as jackals and cheetahs, and have even fought leopards and lions.
There may be a relationship between where in the troop different age or sex classes of baboons travel as it relates to risk of death from predators. However, research on this matter has been largely equivocal.
Known Predators:
Reproductive behavior in P. cynocephalus is closely tied to social organization. Because these animals live in multi-male, multi-female troops, there is the potential for any male to mate with any female. Males therefore compete fiercely for access to sexually receptive females. In general, a male’s ability to consort with a female and exclude other males from access to her is related to the male’s ability to compete with other males. There is therefore a correlation between male dominance rank within the troop and mating success. Larger, younger, and stronger males have a distinct advantage in this type of competition.
It should be noted that as in many other social animals, there can be other factors which affect a male’s mating success. For example, males may form alliances with other males, subverting the normal dominance hierarchy. Two males, neither of whom can dominate a third male alone, may join forces. As a coalition, these males may succeed in securing access to a sexually receptive female. Such coalitions are reciprocal, and typically occur between pairs of older males who are well acquainted with one another through mutual tenure in a troop.
Males also follow a strategy of developing "friendships" with females This enhances their opportunities to mate. In these friendships, males groom, share food, and have strong affiliative ties with particular females and their offspring. It is common for males to defend their female friends during agonistic encounters with other females, and with other males. These associations are not confined to the period during which females are sexually receptive, but span the entire gamut of the female’s reproductive life—including pregnancy, lactation, and time spent cycling. Females exhibit a preference for mating with their male friends, and therefore make consortships with their male friends more likely. In addition, because females prefer their friends as mates, they are more likely to cooperate with them in the maintenance of a consortship than they are to cooperate with other, less favored, males.
In P. cynocephalus, females mate with a variety of males during any given estrus cycle. Such multiple matings are not necessary to ensure fertilization, and may function to confuse the actual paternity of the female’s offspring. This may help to mitigate infanticidal tendencies of males.
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Reproduction in P. cynocephalus is related to the social structure of this species. Yellow baboons live in multi-male, multi-female troops. Mating is polygynandrous, with both males and females mating with multiple partners. Most matings occur during consortships. Consortships arise when a male, through aggression toward potential rivals, is able to maintain exclusive sexual access to a female. Females may consort with multiple males while they are sexually receptive, although they consort with only one male at a time. Because it is apparently easier for a male to maintain exclusive access to a female if the female is cooperative, there is a significant amount of female mate choice, with females preferring some partners over others.
Females characteristically have an estrous cycle of 32 days in length, however, cycle length varies between individuals and between populations. At the Tana River National Primate Reserve in Kenya, primiparous females had the longest cycles, averaging 44 days, and multiparous females had the shortest cycles, averaging 37 days. These cycles are much longer than the 32 to 34 day cycles reported in Amboseli National Park. Differences may be related to nutritional differences between populations, social differences, or they may reflect underlying genetic differences.
There is a noticeable menstrual flow for approximately three days per cycle if the female does not conceive. During the period around ovulation, the perineal skin of the female swells, alerting the males to her potentially fertile condition, and enhancing her attractiveness to them. Mating is initiated by the female, who presents her hindquarters to the male. When females are cycling, mating frequency can be from 1 to 6 times per hour. When females become pregnant, they cease to mate at all. Their pericallosal skin turns red as a result of increased blood flow to the region, alerting other members of the group to their reproductive condition.
Gestation lasts about 175 to 181 days, after which the female gives birth to a single offspring, weighing approximately 854 g. This is significantly smaller than the 1068 g neonates reported for P. anubis. The neonate has a black or reddish coat, depending upon the subspecies. This makes it easy to distinguish neonates from older infants. An infant is completely dependent upon its mother for the first few months, until it begins to eat solid food and is able to walk on its own. Age at independence is difficult to estimate, because even if the mother dies, a young baboon may continue to receive care from adult males, or other female kin. Independence is often listed as the age of weaning.
Females have an interbirth interval of approximately 21 to 27 months. This interval varies geographically, as well as according to maternal age and maternal rank. Interbirth intervals were longer at Tana River than at Amboseli, perhaps in part because the probability of infant survival to 24 months of age was greater. However, in anubis baboons, it has been shown that females who are older or have a higher rank tend to have shorter interbirth intervals, probably because these females experience enhanced nutritional status and are free from harassment by higher ranking females. The interbirth interval is also shorter if an infant dies before weaning.
Weaning occurs sometime around 1 year of age. Lactation is a huge cost for adult females, and has been shown to cause a reduction in female weight. Lower ranking and younger females probably take longer to recover adequate body weight to reproduce than do older, dominant females, explaining their longer interbirth intervals.
The onset of puberty and attainment of adult size is highly variable and is associated with nutrition levels in closely related anubis baboons. The effect of nutrition on growth is so strong that as little as 15 to 16 weeks of dietary variation in newborns can have lasting effects on overall rates of female growth, absolute adult weight, and age at menarche. This may be one reason that differences have been noted in the age of menarche in geographically separated populations.
In yellow baboons, puberty occurs between the ages of 5 and 6 years in females, and is signaled by menarche, or in some cases, first pregnancy. In males, there is greater variation in age at onset of puberty, with sexual maturation occurring between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Between 70 and 97 per cent of males emigrate from their natal troop sometime before reaching sexual maturity. Although females typically spend their entire lives in their natal troops, some transfer of females to new groups has been observed.
Breeding interval: Female yellow baboons may breed annually under some conditions, but are more likely to reproduce every other year.
Breeding season: Mating and births may occur throughout the year.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range gestation period: 175 to 181 days.
Average weaning age: 12 months.
Range time to independence: 12 to 18 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 5 to 6 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 4 to 7 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Most parental behavior is performed by the female. Females nurse, groom, and play with their offspring. Females express different patterns of infant care, often associated with rank and age. In yellow baboons, higher-ranking females tend to be more "permissive" in their parenting than lower ranking females, who tend to be more nervous and "restrictive," preventing their offspring from moving away from them. Such differences may be related to the amount of harassment females of lower rank are likely to receive. Another difference seen in maternal behavior in this species is that older mothers are known to spend more time in contact or close to their infants and are less likely to terminate bouts of nursing than are younger females. First-time mothers are also likely to reject infants sooner than are experienced mothers. These differences may affect interbirth intervals.
Cooperative care of offspring is not present in P. cynocephalus, but it is not uncommon for females other than the mother to groom an infant, sometimes providing allomaternal care to the infant. Subadult and juvenile females who have not yet reproduced themselves are most likely to exhibit allomaternal behavior. Other factors known to affect the incidence of allomaternal behavior in most cercopithecine species include the infant’s age, and relatedness of the allomother to the mother and infant. As is the case for all baboons, infants are very attractive to other members of the social group, and are the focus of a great deal of investigation and attention, especially while they are still displaying their black natal coats. In extreme cases, females may kidnap the offspring of other females. Lower-ranking females have been reported to be subjected to this extreme form of harassment more often than have higher-ranking females. However, in an analysis of infant handling, Bentley-Condit et al. (2001) found no consistent association between mother’s rank and how often her infant was handled. Although females attempted to handle infants of females of like rank or lower more often than they attempted to handle the offspring of higher ranking females, mothers were able to successfully rebuff more than three quarters of all handling attempts.
Males have complex relationships with infants and juveniles, which in some cases may be a form of parental care. Males are known to carry, protect, share food (especially meat), groom, and play with, the offspring of their female friends. Because they are more likely to mate with their female friends than they are with other females, these infants and juveniles are more likely to be their own offspring than are other immature animals within the troop. This behavior, therefore, can be interpreted as paternal.
However, it should be noted that the relationship between adult males and these immature animals may be more complex than this. There may be some form of reciprocity involved. Adult males will often carry infants during tense interactions with other adult males. This carrying can be initiated either by the adult male or by the infant. Such contact with an infant during agonistic encounters may have the effect of inhibiting aggression by other males. The favors bestowed upon an infant used as a buffer may therefore be a form a "payback" from the adult male. However, since the tendency to use an infant as an agonistic buffer is related to familiarity with the infant and the probability of paternity, it is impossible to separate the nepotism from the reciprocity of such interactions.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); post-independence association with parents; extended period of juvenile learning; inherits maternal/paternal territory; maternal position in the dominance hierarchy affects status of young
Ar babouz penn-ki (Papio cynocephalus) a zo ur marmouz eus kreiz ha reter Afrika.
a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.
Ar babouz penn-ki (Papio cynocephalus) a zo ur marmouz eus kreiz ha reter Afrika.
El papió comú (Papio cynocephalus) o papió groc és una espècie de papió, un primat catarí de la família dels Micos del Vell Món de l'Àfrica occidental. Habita la sabana i els boscos de l'est d'Àfrica, de Kenya i Tanzània a Zimbabwe i Botswana.
El papió comú (Papio cynocephalus) o papió groc és una espècie de papió, un primat catarí de la família dels Micos del Vell Món de l'Àfrica occidental. Habita la sabana i els boscos de l'est d'Àfrica, de Kenya i Tanzània a Zimbabwe i Botswana.
Pavián babuin (Papio cynocephalus) (angl. Yellow Baboon) je úzkonosý primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Má tři poddruhy. Žije v oblasti střední Afriky od pobřeží Angoly po pobřeží Mosambiku a dále žije v Zambii, Tanzanii, Keni a Somálsku. Obývá galeriové i řídké lesy kterým dává přednost, lze se s nim setkat i v savanách. Nežije v horských oblastech, preferuje prostředí s dostatkem vody.
Jsou středně velcí, druzí největší z paviánů. Srst na těle má žlutošedou barvu, v lících je světlejší. V obličeji, na uších a sedacích partiích mají lysou kůži tmavé barvy. Lebku mají kulatou, čenich s výraznými hřebeny je protáhlejší a kulatý. Ocas nemají tak výrazně „zlomený“ jako ostatní paviáni a samec ho mívá 45 až 70 cm. Samci jsou dlouzí okolo 120 cm a váží asi 25 kg, samice měří na délku 100 cm a váží 10 kg. Samci mají také delší špičáky, dospělý jedinec má 32 zubů.
Paviáni babuini se v potravě řadí mezi všežravce, konzumují plody, listy, pupeny, traviny, kořínky, různé hlízy, hmyz, vejce i menší obratlovce. Jsou zaznamenané případy, kdy pořádali lov na zajíce, kočkodany obecné nebo komby ušaté.
Běžná tlupa má okolo 20 až 180 členů. Je to skupina samců i samic. Přesuny skupiny jsou vysoce organizované a platí zde pravidlo, že nového stanoviště musí celá skupina dosáhnout ještě před soumrakem. Přes den se zdržují na zemi a na večer, zhruba po 16. hodině, vyhledávají úkryt v korunách stromů, nejčastěji akácií, kde nocují v bezpečí před dravci. Vzhledem k velikosti skupin nocují na několika stromech. Po zemi se pohybují po čtyřech končetinách.
Mladí samci v období puberty sami odcházejí v 70 až 90 % ze své tlupy a vyhledávají samice, se kterými nejsou v příbuzenském vztahu a pro které jsou přistěhovalci zajímavější. O přijmutí nového samce do tlupy rozhodují hlavně samice, pokud mu nabídne spáření, bude přijat. Vztahy v tlupách jsou matrilineární, to znamená, že samice ve skupině zůstávají. Starší samice které měly více mláďat jsou v hierarchii tlupy výše postavené. Staří samci tlupu ochraňují před nebezpečím.
Hlavní komunikace mezi jedinci je vizuální - upřený pohled, nahrbování, různé pózování, vystavování pohlavních orgánů, cenění zubů. K odhánění dravců používají i štěkavým křik. K projevům hmatové komunikace patří vzájemná péče o srst, dotýkání se nosy nebo zavěšování mláďat. Akustická komunikace se skládá z poměrně pestré škály vřískání, štěkání, chroptění, skřípání zuby, cvrlikání mláďat, vrčení a pištění. Chemická komunikace probíhá především v období samičí říje.
U paviánů babuinu má každý samec možnost se spářit se samici, pokud ho příjme. Období říje trvá u samice 32 dnů, za tu dobu se samice spáří s několika samci. Březost trvá 175 až 180 dnů, pak se rodí zpravidla jedno mládě o váze 850 g. Po narození je na matce zcela závislé, matka ho kojí asi rok. Péče o mládě spočívá dále v ošetřování, péči o srst, transportu a hrách. Starší zkušené matky své potomky déle kojí a více o ně pečují. Otcové chrání své potomky, zásobují je i matku potravou, hrají si s dětmi a pomáhají při transportu.
Zemře-li matka, může být mládě adoptováno jinou samicí, bylo-li již odstaveno od mléka, pečuje o otec. Zemře-li mládě před odstavením, může se samice spářit znovu. Jinak jsou období mezi porody dlouhé od 21 do 27 měsíců. Pohlavní dospělosti dosahují samci mezi 4. až 7. a samice mezi 5. až 6. rokem.
Babuiny loví lvi, gepardi, leopardi, hyeny, krajty, šakali, karakali, psi a lidé. S výjimkou člověka, loví predátoři jen mláďata, staré, nemocné a oslabené kusy. Dožívají se v divočině okolo 25 let a v zajetí byly hlášeny případy, kdy se jedinec dožil 40 let.
Vzhledem k blízké genetické příbuznosti paviánů k lidem, bývají babuini používáni k vědeckým experimentům a to především v oblasti fyziologie, výzkumu krve, kardiovaskulárního systému, neurologie a endokrinologie. Bývají též používáni pro modely lidských nemocí a problémů jako je epilepsie, vysoký krevní tlak, alkoholismus a podobně.
Druh pavián babuin se dělí na tři poddruhy:
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu pavián babuin ve Wikimedia Commons
Galerie pavián babuin ve Wikimedia CommonsPavián babuin (Papio cynocephalus) (angl. Yellow Baboon) je úzkonosý primát z čeledi kočkodanovití. Má tři poddruhy. Žije v oblasti střední Afriky od pobřeží Angoly po pobřeží Mosambiku a dále žije v Zambii, Tanzanii, Keni a Somálsku. Obývá galeriové i řídké lesy kterým dává přednost, lze se s nim setkat i v savanách. Nežije v horských oblastech, preferuje prostředí s dostatkem vody.
Der Steppenpavian (Papio cynocephalus), auch Gelber Pavian oder Babuin[1] genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Paviane innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).
Steppenpaviane haben ein gelblichbraunes Fell, lediglich der Bauch, die Innenseite der Gliedmaßen und kleine Flecken neben der Schnauze sind weißlich. Die Schnauze ist schwarz und unbehaart, ebenso die Sitzschwielen. Der Schwanz wird entweder wie bei anderen Pavianarten „geknickt“ gehalten, das heißt, der erste Teil steht nach oben und der hintere Teil hängt nach unten, oder er ist sanft gebogen. Der Körperbau ist verglichen mit anderen Pavianen relativ schlank, die Arme und Beine sind lang. Die Männchen sind mit bis zu 25 Kilogramm deutlich schwerer als die Weibchen, die nur 12 Kilogramm erreichen können. Auch die Eckzähne der Männchen sind deutlich größer.
Steppenpaviane sind in weiten Teilen des östlichen und südlichen Afrikas verbreitet. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von Somalia und Kenia bis Tansania und das nördliche Mosambik und westwärts bis Angola und Sambia. Ihr Lebensraum sind nicht nur Steppen und Savannen, sondern auch Galeriewälder.
Steppenpaviane sind tagaktiv und halten sich häufig am Boden auf, wo sie sich mit einem vierfüßigen Gang fortbewegen. Sie können jedoch auch gut klettern und ziehen sich in der Nacht meist auf Bäume zurück.
Diese Tiere leben in großen Gruppen aus 20 bis 180 Tieren. Es sind gemischte Gruppen, das heißt, sie umfassen viele Männchen und Weibchen. Innerhalb der Gruppe bildet sich unter beiden Geschlechtern eine ausgeprägte Hierarchie und ein komplexes Sozialverhalten (siehe Gruppenverhalten der Paviane).
Steppenpaviane sind Allesfresser mit einer Vorliebe für Früchte. Daneben nehmen sie jedoch auch andere Pflanzenteile wie Wurzeln und Knollen sowie Insekten, Eier und kleine Wirbeltiere (darunter auch kleine Primatenarten) zu sich.
Die Fortpflanzung kann das ganze Jahr über erfolgen, die Weibchen weisen während der fruchtbaren Phase eine ausgeprägte Regelschwellung auf. Innerhalb der gemischten Gruppen kann sich prinzipiell jedes Männchen mit jedem Weibchen paaren. Das führt zu teilweise erbitterten Auseinandersetzungen unter den Männchen um das Paarungsvorrecht.
Nach einer rund 180-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Neugeborene haben ein schwarzes, rötliches oder weißes Fell, mit sechs bis neun Monaten bildet sich die Erwachsenenfärbung heraus. Nach rund einem Jahr wird das Jungtier entwöhnt und mit fünf bis sieben Jahren geschlechtsreif. Männliche Tiere müssen zu diesem Zeitpunkt ihre Geburtsgruppe verlassen, während die Weibchen oft zeitlebens darin verbleiben.
In freier Wildbahn können diese Tiere bis zu 27 Jahre alt werden, in Gefangenschaft auch älter.
Zwar stellen der Lebensraumsverlust und die Bejagung mancherorts Bedrohungen für die Steppenpaviane dar, insgesamt ist die Art aber weitverbreitet und nicht gefährdet.
Der Steppenpavian ist eine der fünf Arten der Gattung der Paviane (Papio), die manchmal auch zu einer einzigen Art zusammengefasst werden. Es werden drei Unterarten unterschieden, die sich unter anderem im Fell, in der Schwanzhaltung und der Färbung der Neugeborenen unterscheiden:
Der Steppenpavian (Papio cynocephalus), auch Gelber Pavian oder Babuin genannt, ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Paviane innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).
Babuin, sariq maymun (Papio cynocephalus) – pavianlar urugʻiga mansub maymunlarning bitta turi. Tanasining uz. 75 sm, dumi 60 sm gacha. Afrikaning Angoladan boshlab Shimoliy Mozambikkacha boʻlgan hududlarida, shuningdek Keniya va Janubiy Somalida tarqalgan. Togʻ va dashtlarning daraxtlar boʻladigan joylarida yashaydi. Kechasi daraxtlarga chiqib yotadi, kunduzi faol hayot kechiradi. Juni och sariq boʻlganidan sariq maymunlar ham deb ataladi. Babuin oʻsimliklar ildizi, mevasi va yosh novdalari, har xil hasharotlar bilan oziqlanadi. Oʻsimliklar bilan oziqlanishi tufayli qishloq xoʻjaligiga birmuncha ziyon keltiradi. Babuin qoʻlga tez oʻrganadi.[1]
Babuin, sariq maymun (Papio cynocephalus) – pavianlar urugʻiga mansub maymunlarning bitta turi. Tanasining uz. 75 sm, dumi 60 sm gacha. Afrikaning Angoladan boshlab Shimoliy Mozambikkacha boʻlgan hududlarida, shuningdek Keniya va Janubiy Somalida tarqalgan. Togʻ va dashtlarning daraxtlar boʻladigan joylarida yashaydi. Kechasi daraxtlarga chiqib yotadi, kunduzi faol hayot kechiradi. Juni och sariq boʻlganidan sariq maymunlar ham deb ataladi. Babuin oʻsimliklar ildizi, mevasi va yosh novdalari, har xil hasharotlar bilan oziqlanadi. Oʻsimliklar bilan oziqlanishi tufayli qishloq xoʻjaligiga birmuncha ziyon keltiradi. Babuin qoʻlga tez oʻrganadi.
Бабуин, павиани зард (лот. Papio cynocephalus) — як навъ маймун. Мансуби ҷинси павианҳост. Дарозии баданаш 75 см, думаш – 60 см, рангаш зард. Бабуин дар Африқои Марказӣ ва Шарқӣ паҳн гаштааст; дар дашту минтақаҳои кӯҳӣ сукунат дорад. Ҳайвони чолок, серҳаракат аст. Бабуинҳо гурӯҳ-гурӯҳ (ҳар гурӯҳ тақр. аз 80 сар бабуин иборат аст) мегарданд. Сардори ҳар гурӯҳ бабуинҳои наринаи калон мебошанд. Онҳо «аъзо»-и гурӯҳро аз хатар ҳифз мекунанд. Ғизои бабуинҳо решаи рустанӣ, мева, ҳашарот, ҷонварони хурд мебошанд. Ба ҷуворимакказор ва киштзори арзан хисороти зиёд меорад. Бабуинро дар ҳайвонотхонаҳо низ нигоҳ медоранд
Бабуин, павиани зард (лот. Papio cynocephalus) — як навъ маймун. Мансуби ҷинси павианҳост. Дарозии баданаш 75 см, думаш – 60 см, рангаш зард. Бабуин дар Африқои Марказӣ ва Шарқӣ паҳн гаштааст; дар дашту минтақаҳои кӯҳӣ сукунат дорад. Ҳайвони чолок, серҳаракат аст. Бабуинҳо гурӯҳ-гурӯҳ (ҳар гурӯҳ тақр. аз 80 сар бабуин иборат аст) мегарданд. Сардори ҳар гурӯҳ бабуинҳои наринаи калон мебошанд. Онҳо «аъзо»-и гурӯҳро аз хатар ҳифз мекунанд. Ғизои бабуинҳо решаи рустанӣ, мева, ҳашарот, ҷонварони хурд мебошанд. Ба ҷуворимакказор ва киштзори арзан хисороти зиёд меорад. Бабуинро дар ҳайвонотхонаҳо низ нигоҳ медоранд
The yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) is a baboon in the family of Old World monkeys. The species epithet means "dog-head" in Greek, due to the dog-like shape of the muzzle and head. Yellow baboons have slim bodies with long arms and legs, and yellowish-brown hair. They resemble the Chacma baboon, but are somewhat smaller and with a less elongated muzzle. Their hairless faces are black, framed with white sideburns. Males can grow to about 84 cm, females to about 60 cm. They have long tails which grow to be nearly as long as their bodies. The average life span of the yellow baboon in the wild is roughly 15–20 years; some may live up to 30 years.
Yellow baboons inhabit savannas and light forests in eastern Africa, from Kenya and Tanzania to Zimbabwe and Botswana. They are diurnal, terrestrial, and live in complex, mixed-gender social groups of 8 to 200 individuals per troop. Like all other baboon species, they are omnivorous, with a preference for fruits; they also eat plants, leaves, seeds, grasses, bulbs, bark, blossoms and fungi, as well as worms, grubs, insects, spiders, scorpions, birds, rodents and small mammals. All species of baboons are highly opportunistic feeders and will eat virtually any food they can find.
Yellow baboons use at least ten different vocalizations to communicate. When traveling as a group, males will lead, females and young stay safely in the middle, and less-dominant males bring up the rear. A baboon group's hierarchy is a serious matter, and some subspecies have developed behaviors intended to avoid confrontation and retaliation. For example, males may use infants as a kind of "passport" or shield for safe approach toward another male. One male will pick up the infant and hold it up as it nears the other male. This action often calms the other male and allows the first male to approach safely.
Baboons fulfill several functions in their ecosystem, not only serving as food for larger predators, but also dispersing seeds in their waste and through their messy foraging habits. They are also efficient predators of smaller animals and their young.
Baboons have been able to fill a variety of ecological niches, including places inhospitable to other animals, such as regions taken over by human settlement. Thus, they are one of the most successful African primates and are not listed as threatened or endangered. However, the same behavioral adaptations that make them so successful also cause them to be considered pests by humans in many areas. Raids on farmers' crops and livestock and other such intrusions into human settlements have made most baboons species subject to many organized extermination projects. However, continued habitat loss forces more and more baboons to migrate toward areas of human settlement.
The two subspecies of the yellow baboon are:
The yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus) is a baboon in the family of Old World monkeys. The species epithet means "dog-head" in Greek, due to the dog-like shape of the muzzle and head. Yellow baboons have slim bodies with long arms and legs, and yellowish-brown hair. They resemble the Chacma baboon, but are somewhat smaller and with a less elongated muzzle. Their hairless faces are black, framed with white sideburns. Males can grow to about 84 cm, females to about 60 cm. They have long tails which grow to be nearly as long as their bodies. The average life span of the yellow baboon in the wild is roughly 15–20 years; some may live up to 30 years.
Yellow baboons inhabit savannas and light forests in eastern Africa, from Kenya and Tanzania to Zimbabwe and Botswana. They are diurnal, terrestrial, and live in complex, mixed-gender social groups of 8 to 200 individuals per troop. Like all other baboon species, they are omnivorous, with a preference for fruits; they also eat plants, leaves, seeds, grasses, bulbs, bark, blossoms and fungi, as well as worms, grubs, insects, spiders, scorpions, birds, rodents and small mammals. All species of baboons are highly opportunistic feeders and will eat virtually any food they can find.
Yellow baboons use at least ten different vocalizations to communicate. When traveling as a group, males will lead, females and young stay safely in the middle, and less-dominant males bring up the rear. A baboon group's hierarchy is a serious matter, and some subspecies have developed behaviors intended to avoid confrontation and retaliation. For example, males may use infants as a kind of "passport" or shield for safe approach toward another male. One male will pick up the infant and hold it up as it nears the other male. This action often calms the other male and allows the first male to approach safely.
Baboons fulfill several functions in their ecosystem, not only serving as food for larger predators, but also dispersing seeds in their waste and through their messy foraging habits. They are also efficient predators of smaller animals and their young.
Baboons have been able to fill a variety of ecological niches, including places inhospitable to other animals, such as regions taken over by human settlement. Thus, they are one of the most successful African primates and are not listed as threatened or endangered. However, the same behavioral adaptations that make them so successful also cause them to be considered pests by humans in many areas. Raids on farmers' crops and livestock and other such intrusions into human settlements have made most baboons species subject to many organized extermination projects. However, continued habitat loss forces more and more baboons to migrate toward areas of human settlement.
The two subspecies of the yellow baboon are:
Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus (typical yellow baboon) Papio cynocephalus ibeanus (Ibean baboon)El papión o babuino amarillo (Papio cynocephalus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en las sabanas y bosques del África central, desde Kenia y Zimbabue hasta Botsuana y Tanzania.
Es de menor porte que Papio anubis, especie del mismo género que comparte buena parte de su hábitat, generando incluso núcleos de ejemplares híbridos.[2]
El origen del nombre cynocephalus (del griego antiguo κυνοκἐφαλος ), cuya aplicación se atribuye a Aristóteles, significa literalmente «cabeza de can», y alude a su hocico ancho y grande, vagamente parecido al de un perro.
El morro del animal es negro, y la denominación común de "babuino amarillo" se debe a la presencia de una pelusa amarilla o castaña que recubre gran parte del cuerpo, a excepción de la superficie interna de los brazos, las mejillas y un sector de la cara interior de los muslos que son de color blanco.
Presenta además una protuberancia negra sobre el hueso ilíaco. La morfología general es esbelta, con las extremidades superiores más largas que las inferiores, y una cola de longitud equivalente al cuerpo.
Simia quadrupedum sola expers est caudae, ridicula imitatrix operum humanorum; uti et cercopithecus; nec non cynocephalus, hominis corpore, canina facie, et quae Genetha dicitur felis.
La especie se caracteriza por un marcado dimorfismo sexual: los machos tienen una altura promedio de 120 cm y un peso de 25 kg mientras que las hembras miden hasta 98 cm y pesan no más de 11 kg. Los machos tienen además colmillos más largos y aguzados que los de la hembra.
La gestación de las crías dura ciento sesenta días, y la camada es por lo general de un solo cachorro. La pelusa del babuino recién nacido presenta colores diversos según la subespecie, comienza a mudar a los tres meses, y alcanza la coloración típica de los adultos alrededor del sexto mes.
La longevidad de la especie es de aproximadamente treinta años.
La especie vive en grupos variables de cinco a dosciento cincuenta ejemplares, organizados según un complejo modelo jerárquico. Transcurren buena parte del día dedicados a actividades sociales, especialmente el «espulgue», es decir, la limpieza mutua de parásitos de la piel, acción que refuerza los lazos sociales. No son extraños los encuentros agresivos entre machos, que se amenazan mostrando sus colmillos.
Los babuinos son omnívoros, con preferencia por la fruta, follaje y brotes de acacia, huevos de aves, insectos, hormigas, gusanos y termitas. También se alimentan de escarabajos y pequeños vertebrados, reptiles y aves, e incluso otros primates de pequeño tamaño como Chlorocebus aethiops y Galago senegalensis. Son hábiles excavadores para buscar tubérculos, raíces y bulbos.
Sus hábitos son tanto terrícolas como arborícolas: transcurren la mayor parte del día sobre el terreno, pero al llegar la noche se retiran a las ramas de los árboles. Cuando forman grupos numerosos se distribuyen en varios árboles vecinos. Una de las razones de esta conducta es la protección contra los predadores nocturnos.
Sus principales predadores son el hombre y el leopardo, temible por su capacidad de trepar los mismos árboles donde se refugian. Otros predadores ocasionales son el león, la hiena, el chacal, el guepardo, el serval y la serpiente pitón. No es raro que resulte atacado por otros primates, por ejemplo el chimpancé.
Se reconocen tres subespecies de Papio cynocephalus:
Las principales diferencias entre las subespecies pueden resumirse en las características siguientes:
Se han censado poblaciones de P. cynocephalus en Angola, Zambia, Malaui, Zimbabue, Botsuana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenia y Somalia.
La subespecie P. c. cynocephalus habita en forma difusa en Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique septentrional y Tanzania. Al Papio c. ibeanus se lo encuentra en Kenia, Somalia meridional y Etiopía, mientras que P. c. kindae habita principalmente en Angola, Zambia y el Congo meridional.
El área de distribución de la especie se superpone con otras del género Papio, incluyendo diferentes niveles de hibridación. En Zambia y Angola, P. c. kindae cohabita con Papio ursinus, aunque ambas especies no se cruzan. En Kenia, por el contrario, P. c. ibeanus se superpone con el Papio anubis dando lugar a híbridos que muestran diversos fenotipos inusuales.
Una de las teorías evolutivas supone que la cruza entre Papio cynocephalus y Papio anubis en esta región puede haber producido la base genética del P. c. ibeanus.
El papión o babuino amarillo (Papio cynocephalus) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae que habita en las sabanas y bosques del África central, desde Kenia y Zimbabue hasta Botsuana y Tanzania.
Es de menor porte que Papio anubis, especie del mismo género que comparte buena parte de su hábitat, generando incluso núcleos de ejemplares híbridos.
El origen del nombre cynocephalus (del griego antiguo κυνοκἐφαλος ), cuya aplicación se atribuye a Aristóteles, significa literalmente «cabeza de can», y alude a su hocico ancho y grande, vagamente parecido al de un perro.
Babuiin (Papio cynocephalus, Chaeropithecus cynocephalus) on Ekvatoriaal-Aafrikas elutsev paaviani perekonda kuuluv liik. Babuiini karv on kollakas, pea meenutab koera oma. Babuiinid on segatoidulised, liiguvad karjas. Isased isendid võivad kasvada pikamaks kui 1 meeter ja kaaluda üle 30 kilo.
Prantsuse Ekvatoriaal Aafrika
Babuiinid
Papio cynocephalus Papio generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Cercopithecinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago
Papio cynocephalus Papio generoko animalia da. Primateen barruko Cercopithecinae azpifamilia eta Cercopithecidae familian sailkatuta dago
Keltapaviaani (Papio cynocephalus) on Afrikan keski- ja itäosissa elävä paviaanilaji. Sen elinympäristöä ovat savannit, avoimet metsät ja metsänreunat, kalliot sekä heinää ja piikkipensaikkoa kasvavat puoliaavikot. Kannan suuruus on vähintään kymmeniätuhansia yksilöitä.[2]
Keltapaviaaniuros on pituudeltaan 80–115 senttimetriä ilman häntää ja naaras 50–70 senttimetriä. Häntä on 46–68 senttimetriä. Uros painaa 22–30 kilogrammaa ja naaras 11–15 kilogrammaa. Turkki on kellertävänharmaa, ja pakaroiden yläpuolella on kiiltävänmusta paljas laikku.[2]
Keltapaviaani on päiväeläin, joka elää tavallisimmin 30–40 yksilön laumoissa. Naaras synnyttää yleensä yhden poikasen 1–2 vuoden välein. Naaras on sukukypsä viisivuotiaana ja uros seitsemänvuotiaana. Luonnossa keltapaviaani elää 20–30-vuotiaaksi ja vankeudessa joskus 40-vuotiaaksi.[2]
Keltapaviaanit ovat kaikkiruokaisia ja syövät monipuolisesti niin kasveja kuin kaikenlaisia pieniä eläimiäkin.[2]
Keltapaviaani (Papio cynocephalus) on Afrikan keski- ja itäosissa elävä paviaanilaji. Sen elinympäristöä ovat savannit, avoimet metsät ja metsänreunat, kalliot sekä heinää ja piikkipensaikkoa kasvavat puoliaavikot. Kannan suuruus on vähintään kymmeniätuhansia yksilöitä.
Keltapaviaaniuros on pituudeltaan 80–115 senttimetriä ilman häntää ja naaras 50–70 senttimetriä. Häntä on 46–68 senttimetriä. Uros painaa 22–30 kilogrammaa ja naaras 11–15 kilogrammaa. Turkki on kellertävänharmaa, ja pakaroiden yläpuolella on kiiltävänmusta paljas laikku.
Keltapaviaani on päiväeläin, joka elää tavallisimmin 30–40 yksilön laumoissa. Naaras synnyttää yleensä yhden poikasen 1–2 vuoden välein. Naaras on sukukypsä viisivuotiaana ja uros seitsemänvuotiaana. Luonnossa keltapaviaani elää 20–30-vuotiaaksi ja vankeudessa joskus 40-vuotiaaksi.
Keltapaviaanit ovat kaikkiruokaisia ja syövät monipuolisesti niin kasveja kuin kaikenlaisia pieniä eläimiäkin.
Papio cynocephalus • Babouin cynocéphale
Le Babouin cynocéphale[1] ou Babouin jaune[1] (Papio cynocephalus) est un singe africain de la famille des cercopithécidés.
Le babouin cynocéphale est un babouin des savanes qui se rencontre de l'Afrique de l'Est au sud de l'Éthiopie. Son pelage est moins long et moins dense et de couleur plus dorée que celui du babouin olive Papio anubis auquel il ressemble beaucoup par ailleurs. Les parties ventrales du pelage sont très claires, presque blanches parfois. On le distingue du chacma Papio ursinus qui est plus haut sur patte et dont le pelage présente des teintes nettement cendrées. Enfin, il ne peut se confondre avec le babouin de Guinée Papio papio qui est certes lui aussi de couleur dorée mais qui est de taille plus petite avec une dense fourrure et la face ventrale aussi foncée que le reste du corps.
À l'état sauvage, les groupes étudiés étaient composés de 8 à 198 individus avec une valeur moyenne de 51,4 individus par groupe. Les groupes sont multi-mâles multi-femelles avec un sex-ratio s'étageant de 0,25 à 0,55 pour une valeur moyenne de 0,40 ce qui signifie que les femelles constituent en moyenne plus de la moitié des individus du groupe. Cette organisation sociale est très différente de celle du babouin hamadryas où les groupes sont dits de structure « harem », c'est-à-dire un seul mâle pour plusieurs femelles (pouvant être assez nombreuses). Les femelles sont résidentes, c'est-à-dire qu'elles demeurent toute leur vie dans leur groupe de naissance (sauf exception ou éclatement du groupe) tandis que les mâles migrent fréquemment dans un autre groupe au cours de leur vie. Cependant, il n'est pas rigoureusement impossible qu'un mâle puisse rester à vie durante dans son groupe natal. Cette migration des mâles permet un brassage génétique et évite une trop grande consanguinité.
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (8 juillet 2014)[2] :
Papio cynocephalus • Babouin cynocéphale
Le Babouin cynocéphale ou Babouin jaune (Papio cynocephalus) est un singe africain de la famille des cercopithécidés.
«Simia quadrupedum sola expers est caudae, ridicula imitatrix operum humanorum; uti et cercopithecus; nec non cynocephalus, hominis corpore, canina facie, et quae Genetha dicitur felis.»
(Giovanni Pierio Valeriano Bolzanio (1477-1558), Hieroglyphica lib. 6. c. 11.[2])Il babbuino giallo (Papio cynocephalus) è una scimmia della famiglia dei Cercopitecidi.
L'origine del nome cynocephalus (dal greco antico κυνοκἐφαλος col significato di testa di cane, cinocefalo) viene fatta risalire ad Aristotele e deriva dal muso tozzo e lungo, vagamente simile a quello di un grosso cane, che caratterizza questa specie.
Il muso è glabro e di colore nero. La denominazione comune di babbuino giallo (yellow baboon in lingua inglese) è dovuta alla pelliccia giallo-bruna che ricopre gran parte del corpo, fatta eccezione per la superficie interna degli arti, le guance, e un ciuffo di folte basette ai lati del muso, che sono di colore bianco. Possiede inoltre pronunciate callosità di colore nero sugli ischi. La corporatura è snella, con arti superiori più lunghi degli inferiori. La lunghezza della coda eguaglia quella del corpo.
La specie è caratterizzata da un marcato dimorfismo sessuale: i maschi hanno una altezza media di 120 cm e un peso medio di 25 kg mentre le femmine misurano in media 98 cm e pesano solo 11 kg. I maschi inoltre hanno canini superiori più lunghi e più aguzzi di quelli delle femmine.
La gravidanza dura 170 giorni. Le femmine danno alla luce un cucciolo per volta. La pelliccia dei babbuini neonati, di colore diverso nelle diverse sottospecie (vedi sotto), inizia a mutare intorno ai tre mesi di età, per raggiungere la colorazione adulta verso la fine del sesto mese. La vita di un esemplare adulto può arrivare sino a trenta anni.
Vivono in gruppi variabili da 5 a 250 esemplari, organizzati secondo complessi modelli gerarchici. Trascorrono buona parte della giornata impegnati in attività sociali, quali per esempio il grooming (ovvero lo "spulciarsi" a vicenda), che rinsaldano i legami sociali. Non sono rare le interazioni aggressive tra i maschi, compiute mostrando i canini superiori.
Sono onnivori con una preferenza per la frutta, foglie e germogli di acacia, uccelli e le loro uova, insetti (formiche, ortotteri, termiti, scarafaggi) e piccoli vertebrati: rettili ma anche altri primati di piccola taglia come cercopiteco grigioverde e galagone del Senegal. Sono abili scavatori per la ricerca di tuberi, cormi e bulbi.
Sono sia terricoli che arboricoli: trascorrono la maggior parte del giorno sul terreno, mentre per la notte si ritirano sui rami degli alberi. I gruppi numerosi si distribuiscono su più alberi vicini. Una delle ragioni per cui cercano rifugio sugli alberi è per proteggersi dai predatori notturni.
I loro principali predatori sono l'uomo e il leopardo, temibile per la sua capacità di arrampicarsi sugli alberi. Potenziali predatori sono anche il leone, la iena, il pitone. Non è raro che possa essere oggetto di attacchi da parte di altri primati come gli scimpanzé.
Esistono tre sottospecie di Papio cynocephalus:
Le principali differenze tra le sottospecie riguardano:
La specie è abbondantemente diffusa nelle zone di savana e foresta dell'Africa centro-orientale.
Gruppi di esemplari di P. cynocephalus sono stati censiti in Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mozambico, Tanzania, Kenya e Somalia.
La sottospecie P. c. cynocephalus è diffusa in Zambia, Malawi, Mozambico settentrionale e Tanzania. Il Papio c. ibeanus si trova in Kenya, nella Somalia meridionale e in Etiopia, mentre P. c. kindae vive in Angola, Zambia e nel Congo meridionale.
L'areale del P. cynocephalus si sovrappone a quello di altri babbuini del genere Papio, con livelli differenziati di ibridazione. Per esempio, in Zambia e Angola, P. c. kindae si sovrappone con Papio ursinus, ma le due specie non si incrociano. Al contrario in Kenya, P. c. ibeanus si sovrappone con Papio anubis dando luogo ad ibridii che mostrano diversità fenotipiche inusuali.
È possibile che l'incrocio tra Papio cynocephalus e Papio anubis in quest'area possa aver contribuito alla formazione della sottospecie P. c. ibeanus.
Il babbuino giallo (Papio cynocephalus) è una scimmia della famiglia dei Cercopitecidi.
Papio cynocephalus (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1766 statutum) est species Primatum Cercopithecidarum in Africa orientali et meridiana vivens. Subspecies tres recognoscuntur, videlicet P. c. cynocephalus, P. c. ibeanus, P. c. kindae.
Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • IUCN Red List • Fossilworks Papio cynocephalus (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1766 statutum) est species Primatum Cercopithecidarum in Africa orientali et meridiana vivens. Subspecies tres recognoscuntur, videlicet P. c. cynocephalus, P. c. ibeanus, P. c. kindae.
Babuinas (lot. Papio cynocephalus, angl. Yellow Baboon, vok. Steppenpavian) – šunbeždžionių (Cercopithecidae) šeimos primatas, priklausantis markatų pošeimiui. Patino dydis iki 84 cm, patelės – apie 60 cm. Uodegos ilgis toks pat kaip kūno ilgis. Kailis geltonai rudas. Tai dieniniai primatai, gyvena mišriomis grupėmis. Visaėdžiai, tačiau pirmenybę teikia vaisiams, bet ėda ir kitas augalų dalis, taip pat vabzdžius ir smulkius stuburinius gyvūnus.
Paplitęs Rytų Afrikoje, nuo Kenijos ir Tanzanijos iki Zimbabvės ir Botsvanos. Žinomi trys porūšiai. Vikiteka
Babuinas (lot. Papio cynocephalus, angl. Yellow Baboon, vok. Steppenpavian) – šunbeždžionių (Cercopithecidae) šeimos primatas, priklausantis markatų pošeimiui. Patino dydis iki 84 cm, patelės – apie 60 cm. Uodegos ilgis toks pat kaip kūno ilgis. Kailis geltonai rudas. Tai dieniniai primatai, gyvena mišriomis grupėmis. Visaėdžiai, tačiau pirmenybę teikia vaisiams, bet ėda ir kitas augalų dalis, taip pat vabzdžius ir smulkius stuburinius gyvūnus.
Paplitęs Rytų Afrikoje, nuo Kenijos ir Tanzanijos iki Zimbabvės ir Botsvanos. Žinomi trys porūšiai. Vikiteka
De gele baviaan (Papio cynocephalus) is een baviaan uit de familie der apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd als Simia cynocephalus in 1766 gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.[2]
Het is een slanke baviaan met lange ledematen en een korte vacht. De staart en de bovenzijde van de vacht en de ledematen zijn geelbruin van kleur, de onderzijde is bleekwit. De kop is rond met kleine oren. De maan, die bij enkele andere bavianensoorten wel voorkomt, ontbreekt. Het gezicht is donkergrijs en kaal, met uitzondering van de witte bakkebaarden. De ogen zijn amberkleurig en staan dicht bij elkaar. De staart is lang en dun met een "knik" in het midden. Mannetjes zijn groter dan vrouwtjes.
Mannetjes zijn ongeveer een meter lang, 66 centimeter hoog en 22 tot 30 kilogram zwaar. Vrouwtjes zijn ongeveer 65 centimeter lang, 50 centimeter hoog en 11 tot 15 kilogram zwaar. De staart is 45 tot 68 centimeter lang.
De gele baviaan leeft van Zuid-Somalië, Ethiopië, Oost- en Noord-Kenia en Tanzania zuidwaarts tot Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe en Mozambique. Hij leeft vooral in de met Miombo (Brachystegia) begroeide bosgebieden, maar ook in droog struikgebied, struwelen, savannen, steppen en kustgebieden, waar ze ook in de mangrovebossen aangetroffen worden.
Gele bavianen leven in troepen van gemiddeld dertig tot maximaal tachtig dieren, die zich kunnen samenvoegen tot grotere groepen van wel driehonderd dieren. Onder de troepleden bestaat een duidelijke hiërarchie, en banden tussen dieren worden versterkt door langdurige vlooisessies. Aan het hoofd van een troep staat een groot dominant mannetje. Alleen hij en enkele andere hooggeplaatste mannetjes mogen paren met de vrouwtjes als deze in oestrus zijn, lagergeplaatste mannetjes mogen enkel op andere momenten paren. Bij agressie laat de gele baviaan zijn rozewitte oogleden zien. Het territorium kan 30 km² beslaan en wordt door de gehele troep verdedigt tegen naburige troepen.
De gele baviaan zoekt zijn voedsel zowel op de grond als in bomen. Hij leeft vooral van de peulvruchten van bomen uit de vlinderbloemenfamilie, zoals Acacia, Albizia, mopane en tamarinde. De gele baviaan is echter een opportunist en leeft ook van wormen, insecten en andere ongewervelden, grassen, scheuten, plantenwortels, knollen, zaden, bladeren, vruchten, paddenstoelen en korstmossen. Ook hazen en jonge antilopen worden gegrepen in het voortplantingsseizoen.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesDe gele baviaan (Papio cynocephalus) is een baviaan uit de familie der apen van de Oude Wereld (Cercopithecidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd als Simia cynocephalus in 1766 gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Pawian masajski[3], pawian zielony[4], babuin[4], pawian żółty[potrzebny przypis] (Papio cynocephalus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae), zamieszkujący tereny południowej, środkowej i wschodniej Afryki.
Wyróżniono trzy podgatunki P. cynocephalus[2][3]:
Wymiary
Długość samca: 55–85 cm. Masa ciała samca: 20–25 kg. Długość samicy: 35–60 cm. Masa ciała samicy: 8–16 kg.
Wygląd
Jest to ssak o sierści barwy szarobrązowej. Część twarzowa pyska nie jest pokryta sierścią. Nos pawiana jest ciemny i wąski, kły długie i szerokie. Na palcach kończyn występują płaskie paznokcie, kciuk jest przeciwstawny do innych palców. Ogon długi.
Środowisko
Pawiany te zamieszkują sawanny, a także tereny górskie, łąki i obrzeża lasów. Do zamieszkania jakiegoś terenu niezbędne są dla nich drzewa, skały i wodopój. Zajmują tereny, ma których występują dwie pory roku.
Pożywienie
Pawiany żywią się trawami, bulwami i korzonkami i owocami, ślimakami, jaszczurkami, skorpionami i szarańczą. Ich dietę uzupełnia także miód oraz poczwarki i larwy pszczół. Jeśli mają okazję, zjadają ryby, kraby, żaby, mięczaki i rośliny wodne. Nie gardzą też jajami krokodyli i żółwi. W grupie potrafią upolować większą zdobycz, jak np. młode antylopy.
Zachowanie
Pawiany zielone są zwierzętami stadnymi. Żyją w grupach liczących 8–200 osobników. Ich terytorium może obejmować od 2 do 4 km². W stadzie istnieje pewna hierarchia. Dominantami w stadzie są najsilniejsze samce. Rzadko dochodzi do walk między nimi. Jeżeli już się odbędą, walka jest bardzo zażarta i może skończyć się śmiercią. Dzień pawiany spędzają na przemarszu 3–4 km swojego terenu. Pokarmu małpy te poszukują głównie rankiem. Gdy stado zaatakuje drapieżnik, małpy uciekają we wszystkich kierunkach, co dezorientuje wroga, później dominujące samce próbują przepędzić napastnika. Gdy temperatura powietrza jest wysoka następuje odpoczynek stada, podczas którego ważnym rytuałem jest wzajemne iskanie się małp. Noc spędzają śpiąc na drzewie, młode w koronach drzew, osobniki dorosłe – na położonych niżej, solidnych gałęziach.
Wrogowie naturalni
Pawianom masajskim zagrażają takie zwierzęta, jak lew, lampart, szakale, gepard, likaon, hiena i ptaki drapieżne.
Pawiany i ludzie
Przyrost naturalny pawianów ciągle maleje. W niektórych państwach, jak Malawi i Kenia, zwierzęta te są tępione, ponieważ są szkodnikami upraw. Zapomina się jednak, że są one pożyteczne, ponieważ zjadają wiele owadów. W latach 30. XX wieku została przeprowadzona akcja, w czasie której truto pawiany, aby ograniczyć szkody w uprawach. Zabijano je także z powodu smacznego mięsa. Wiele pawianów jest używanych w laboratoriach, jako zwierzęta doświadczalne.
Ciekawostki
Padania C. Packera z Uniwersytetu Minnesota na grupie pawianów z Rezerwatu Gombe sugerowały, że dominujące samice mogą mieć zaburzenia płodności[5]
Pawian masajski, pawian zielony, babuin, pawian żółty[potrzebny przypis] (Papio cynocephalus) – gatunek ssaka z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae), zamieszkujący tereny południowej, środkowej i wschodniej Afryki.
Papio cynocephalus, ou babuíno-amarelo é uma espécie de babuíno, um Macaco do Velho Mundo.O nome científico, vem do grego, e significa, literalmente, "cabeça de cachorro", devido a forma de sua cabeça e focinho. Possui um corpo esguio, com longos braços e pernas, e pelagem de cor amarela-amarronzada. Lembra Papio ursinus, mas é menor e seu focinho não é tão alongado. A face é sem pelos, e de cor preta, de cor branca, nos lados.T Machos podem ter até 84 cm de comprimento, e as fêmeas, 60 cm. A cauda pode ter quase o mesmo comprimento do corpo. Vivem até os 30 anos de idade.
P. cynocephalus habita savanas e florestas abertas do leste da África, do Quênia e Tanzânia até o Zimbábue e Botswana. É um animal diurno, terrestre e vive em grupos complexos de até 200 indivíduos. É onívoro, se alimentando de frutos principalmente, mas se alimenta de outras partes das plantas, como flores e folhas. Babuínos são oportunistas para se alimentar.
Possuem pelo menos, 10 tipos de vocalizações para se comunicar. Quando viajando em grupo, os machos dominantes ficam na frente, fêmeas e jovens ficam no meio, e os machos subalternos ficam na retaguarda. Por formarem hierarquias, os babuínos apresentam comportamentos interessantes, de forma a evitar confrontos e retaliações. Por exemplo: machos frequentemente são vistos usando infantes como forma de se protegerem de um macho mais agressivo. O macho segura o filhote, de forma que acalma o dominante agressivo.
Babuínos possuem um papel importante na dispersão de sementes.Podem ser predados por leões e leopardos, mas também podem predar animais de pequeno porte.
Existem três subespécies de P. cynocephalus
Papio cynocephalus, ou babuíno-amarelo é uma espécie de babuíno, um Macaco do Velho Mundo.O nome científico, vem do grego, e significa, literalmente, "cabeça de cachorro", devido a forma de sua cabeça e focinho. Possui um corpo esguio, com longos braços e pernas, e pelagem de cor amarela-amarronzada. Lembra Papio ursinus, mas é menor e seu focinho não é tão alongado. A face é sem pelos, e de cor preta, de cor branca, nos lados.T Machos podem ter até 84 cm de comprimento, e as fêmeas, 60 cm. A cauda pode ter quase o mesmo comprimento do corpo. Vivem até os 30 anos de idade.
P. cynocephalus habita savanas e florestas abertas do leste da África, do Quênia e Tanzânia até o Zimbábue e Botswana. É um animal diurno, terrestre e vive em grupos complexos de até 200 indivíduos. É onívoro, se alimentando de frutos principalmente, mas se alimenta de outras partes das plantas, como flores e folhas. Babuínos são oportunistas para se alimentar.
Possuem pelo menos, 10 tipos de vocalizações para se comunicar. Quando viajando em grupo, os machos dominantes ficam na frente, fêmeas e jovens ficam no meio, e os machos subalternos ficam na retaguarda. Por formarem hierarquias, os babuínos apresentam comportamentos interessantes, de forma a evitar confrontos e retaliações. Por exemplo: machos frequentemente são vistos usando infantes como forma de se protegerem de um macho mais agressivo. O macho segura o filhote, de forma que acalma o dominante agressivo.
Babuínos possuem um papel importante na dispersão de sementes.Podem ser predados por leões e leopardos, mas também podem predar animais de pequeno porte.
Existem três subespécies de P. cynocephalus
Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus Papio cynocephalus ibeanus Papio cynocephalus kindaeSavannbabian (Papio cynocephalus) är en art i släktet babianer som tillhör familjen markattartade apor.[2]
Babianernas släktskap är oklart. Colin Groves et al. (2001) kategoriserar savannbabianen som självständig art bredvid fyra andra babianarter. Andra auktoriteter för alla babianer till arten Papio hamadryas, eller betraktar anubisbabian och chacmababian som underarter av savannbabianen.[3]
Wilson & Reeder (2005) och även flera andra auktoriteter delar upp savannbabianen i tre underarter:[2][4]
Savannbabianen har gulbrun päls och bara buken, extremiteternas insida och små fläckar på varje sida av ansiktet är vita.[5] Den svarta nosen och det svartvioletta området kring apans anus saknar hår.[4] Till skillnad från de övriga babianerna är savannbabianens pannben över ögonen tjockare och bildar en synlig kant. Liksom hos andra babianer har den kindpåsar för att bära föda.[5] Manen på hanarnas axel är inte lika tydlig som hos andra babianer eller också saknas den helt.[4]
Hanar är med en vikt omkring 23 kilogram tydlig tyngre än honor som bara uppnår 12 kilogram. Även hanarnas hörntänder är tydligt större. Kroppslängden (huvud och bål) mäter 51–115 cm och därtill kommer en 45–71 cm lång svans.[4]
Nyfödda savannbabianer har olika färg på pälsen beroende på underart. Nominatformen cynocephalus har svart päls och kindae rödaktig. Det förekommer även ungar med vit päls hos ibeanus.[5] Vid 6 till 9 månaders ålder anlägger den pälsen som är typisk för vuxna individer.[4]
Savannbabian förekommer i stora delar av östra och södra Afrika. Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig i östra Afrika från Somalia och angränsande delar av Etiopien över Kenya och Tanzania till norra Moçambique. Området fortsätter västerut till Angola, Zambia och södra Kongo-Kinshasa.[1]
Savannbabianens habitatet utgörs inte bara av stäpper och savanner utan även av galleriskogar, buskskogar, mangrove (vid kusten) och odlade regioner.[1]
Den är dagaktiv och vistas ofta på marken där den går på fyra fötter.[4] Den är skicklig på att klättra och om natten gömmer den sig gärna i träd.[5]
Savannbabianens lever ofta i grupper med 20–180 individer.[4] men ovanligt förekommer flockar på upp till 300 medlemmar.[1] Gruppen består av flera vuxna hanar och honor samt deras ungar. Liksom hos alla babianer finns hos bägge kön en utpräglad hierarki och ett komplext socialt beteende.[4]
Savannbabianer är allätare. I äldre texter nämns ofta att de föredrar frukter men valet av födan är beroende på årstiden och utbudet. De äter även andra växtdelar som rotfrukter, rötter, frön, gräs, blad och bark. Födan utgörs även av insekter och andra ryggradslösa djur, ägg och mindre ryggradsdjur (däribland hardjur, unga antiloper och små primater som gröna markattor).[4][1]
Individer i fångenskap blivit 28 år gamla.[4]
Savannbabian har ingen särskild parningstid. När honan är parningsberedd är området kring hennes anus tjockare. Parningen kan ske mellan alla hanar och honor i gruppen. Hanarna utkämpar ibland häftiga strider för rätten att para sig. Andra hanar håller även under andra tider en nära relation med en viss hona vilket ökar deras chanser till att para sig när honan är parningsberedd. Ofta parar sig honan med flera hanar varför det är oklart för gruppen vem som är fadern. På så sätt undviker honan att ungdjuret dödas av en dominant hane.[4]
Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 180 dagar föder honan vanligen ett enda ungdjur. Ungdjur dias cirka ett år och efter 4 till 7 år är ungarna könsmogna. Vid denna tidpunkt eller något tidigare måste hanar lämna sin ursprungliga flock medan honor vanligen stannar hela livet.[4]
I vissa regioner hotas arten av habitatförstöring. Allmänt är savannbabianen inte sällsynt och den listas av IUCN som livskraftig (LC).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Savannbabian.
Savannbabian (Papio cynocephalus) är en art i släktet babianer som tillhör familjen markattartade apor.
Павіан бабуїн, або Бабуїн (Papio cynocephalus) — великий примат з роду Павіан (Papio) родини Мавпові (Cercopithecidae).
Це мавпа з довгою, подібною до собачої мордою і величезними іклами. Проводить більшу частину часу на землі. Чоловічі особини мають зріст до 1,1 м, більші за жіночі: хвіст — 0,6 м. Основне забарвлення хутра жовтаво-сіре, сідничні нарости червоні.
Поширений в Ефіопії, Кордофані, Центральній Африці в напіввідкритих гірських і рівнинних місцевостях.
Живиться плодами, зернами, цибулинами, пагонами, комахами, дрібними ссавцями; тримається поблизу дерев, на яких іноді ночує. Бабуїнів часто утримують в зоопарках.
Павіан бабуїн, або Бабуїн (Papio cynocephalus) — великий примат з роду Павіан (Papio) родини Мавпові (Cercopithecidae).
Це мавпа з довгою, подібною до собачої мордою і величезними іклами. Проводить більшу частину часу на землі. Чоловічі особини мають зріст до 1,1 м, більші за жіночі: хвіст — 0,6 м. Основне забарвлення хутра жовтаво-сіре, сідничні нарости червоні.
Поширений в Ефіопії, Кордофані, Центральній Африці в напіввідкритих гірських і рівнинних місцевостях.
Живиться плодами, зернами, цибулинами, пагонами, комахами, дрібними ссавцями; тримається поблизу дерев, на яких іноді ночує. Бабуїнів часто утримують в зоопарках.
Khỉ đầu chó vàng[2], tên khoa học Papio cynocephalus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Linnaeus mô tả năm 1766.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Khỉ đầu chó vàng, tên khoa học Papio cynocephalus, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Linnaeus mô tả năm 1766.
Бабуин, или жёлтый павиан[1] (лат. Papio cynocephalus) — вид настоящих павианов семейства мартышковых (Cercopithecidae).
Длина тела в среднем 75 см, хвоста — 60 см. Окраска шерсти желтоватая (отсюда название жёлтый павиан). Несмотря на свой неуклюжий вид, это очень ловкие животные.
Бабуин распространён в Средней и Восточной Африке; обитает в степных и гористых местностях. Питается растительной (плоды, луковицы и т. д.) и животной (насекомые, мелкие позвоночные) пищей.
Встречается большими стадами на маисовых и просяных полях.
Местами сильно вредит сельскохозяйственным культурам. Бабуинов часто содержат в зоологических парках и зверинцах.
Бабуины — приматы с высокоразвитыми социальными взаимоотношениями, которые никогда не живут поодиночке. В стаде в среднем около 80 особей. Члены стада вместе путешествуют, питаются и спят. В отношениях друг с другом выражена иерархия. В стаде доминируют несколько взрослых самцов, которые держатся вместе и приходят друг другу на выручку в случае опасности. Состав группы вожаков довольно стабилен на протяжении многих лет. Между самками, их детёнышами устанавливаются дружеские отношения — основа стада бабуинов. Между самками и их подросшими дочерьми обычно поддерживаются очень тесные связи, а вот сыновья уходят из родного стада, чтобы присоединиться к другому.
Когда стадо бабуинов уходит в полдень на отдых, родственники, как правило, собираются вокруг старшей самки, чтобы отдохнуть и заняться грумингом - обыскиванием шерсти партнера (или собственной), связанное с выражением дружелюбного отношения или покровительства. По ночам члены одной семьи спят, тесно обнявшись друг с другом. Если кому-то из родственников угрожает опасность со стороны другого бабуина, все сразу бросаются на выручку. И хотя самки конкурируют между собой за пищу и положение в иерархии, серьёзные драки между ними крайне редки. Высокий статус особи соплеменники постоянно подтверждают определёнными жестами, выражающими покорность (например, гримасой страха или поднятым хвостом). Когда между самками всё же возникает конфликт, то позже они мирятся, ворча друг на друга.
Самец-новичок, пришедший в чужое стадо, должен встроиться в сложную систему родственных и дружеских взаимоотношений в незнакомой ему семейной группе. Обычно он начинает с налаживания отношений со взрослой самкой, не выхаживающей в это время детёныша. Он повсюду следует за ней, чмокая губами, нежно ворча и строя гримасы. Это же происходит всякий раз, когда взгляд самки падает на него. Если самка благосклонна, она может позволить ему почесать себя. Спустя несколько месяцев самец может рассчитывать на прочные взаимоотношения с этой самкой. Впоследствии такие отношения послужат ему чем-то вроде «визитной карточки» для установления отношений с её друзьями и родственниками.
У бабуинов наблюдается инфантицид, которым занимаются самцы-новички. Индивидуальные черты являются важным фактором при создании пар. Некоторые пары проводят очень много времени вместе, но не дотрагиваются друг до друга. Другие часто вычесывают друг друга, обнимаются, когда встречаются, и спят, прижавшись друг к другу. Пары меняются с течением времени. Некоторые распадаются из-за того, что самка в процессе полового общения с другими самцами начинает приобретать лидерство в группе. Самец же по мере роста его статуса в стаде покидает подругу юности ради новых отношений с влиятельной самкой. Но многие союзы существуют годами. Раненым животным помощь не оказывается[2]. Вожаки зорко следят за малейшей опасностью, охраняя покой стада. Выражают волнение перед грозой или ливнем.
К бабуинам часто присоединяются стада копытных, так как обезьяны благодаря цветовому зрению могут вовремя заметить хищника. В свою очередь, самцы бабуинов иногда охотятся на детёнышей антилоп.
Отношения между самцом и самкой не всегда превращаются в половые. Самки спариваются с разными самцами, но большую часть своей взрослой жизни они проводят, или вынашивая детенышей, или выхаживая их.
Перед овуляцией у самок бабуинов появляется припухлость вульвы. Эта припухлость увеличивается в размерах в течение первой фазы менструального цикла и спадает после овуляции. И самцы обычно не пытаются спариваться, пока у самки не появится этот признак. Припухлости увеличиваются в размерах от цикла к циклу, поэтому у самок, живущих в неволе и не рожающих регулярно, припухлость может достичь 10-15 % от массы тела.
В природе взрослые самки обычно беременеют после 1-2 менструальных циклов. Изменения в организме самки во время беременности ещё более заметны, чем во время овуляции. Так, голая кожа над седалищем теряет чёрную пигментацию и становится ярко-красной.
Новорожденный бабуин покрыт коротким чёрным бархатистым мехом, который контрастирует с жёлто-серой шерстью взрослых животных.
Пока детеныш не покроется шерстью, на нём сосредоточено всё внимание остальных членов группы. Взрослые обезьяны часто рассматривают гениталии новорожденного, чтобы узнать его пол для выбора подходящей формы общения. В популяциях саванных бабуинов на долю доминирующего самца приходится до 80 % всех спариваний.
Самые ранние находки останков бабуинов вида Papio angusticeps возрастом 2,026—2,36 млн лет назад были сделаны в местонахождении Малапа в ЮАР, где ранее были обнаружены останки австралопитека седиба. Согласно молекулярным исследованиям, бабуины разошлись с их ближайшими родственниками ~ 1,8 до 2,2 млн лет назад[3].
В египетской традиции считался провозвестником рассвета и изображался с поднятыми руками, что символизирует мудрость, салютующую восходящему Солнцу. Представлял богов Тота и Хапи.
Бабуин, или жёлтый павиан (лат. Papio cynocephalus) — вид настоящих павианов семейства мартышковых (Cercopithecidae).
노랑개코원숭이(Papio cynocephalus)는 구세계원숭이에 속하는 개코원숭이의 일종이다.
Cynocephalus는 그리스어로 "개 머리"를 의미하고, 주둥이와 머리의 형상때문에 그렇게 이름지어졌다. 호리호리한 몸에, 긴 팔과 다리 그리고 누르스름한 다갈색 머리카락을 지니고 있다. 차크마개코원숭이와 닮았지만 더 작고, 노랑개코원숭이의 주둥이는 길게 뻗어 있지 않다. 얼굴은 털이 없고 검은 색이며, 둘레에 흰 살쩍이 나 있다. 수컷은 약 84 cm까지, 암컷은 약 60 cm까지 자란다. 거의 몸 길이까지 자라는 긴 꼬리를 지니고 있다.
노랑개코원숭이는 케냐와 탄자니아 그리고 보츠와나에 이르는 동아프리카의 사바나와 나무가 별로 없는 숲에서 산다. 주행성 동물이자, 영역 과시형 동물이고 암수가 섞여서 복잡한 군집 생활을 한다. 과일을 좋아하는 잡식성 동물이지만, 다른 식물뿐만 아니라 곤충도 먹는다.
노랑개코원숭이는 3종의 아종이 있다:
노랑개코원숭이(Papio cynocephalus)는 구세계원숭이에 속하는 개코원숭이의 일종이다.
Cynocephalus는 그리스어로 "개 머리"를 의미하고, 주둥이와 머리의 형상때문에 그렇게 이름지어졌다. 호리호리한 몸에, 긴 팔과 다리 그리고 누르스름한 다갈색 머리카락을 지니고 있다. 차크마개코원숭이와 닮았지만 더 작고, 노랑개코원숭이의 주둥이는 길게 뻗어 있지 않다. 얼굴은 털이 없고 검은 색이며, 둘레에 흰 살쩍이 나 있다. 수컷은 약 84 cm까지, 암컷은 약 60 cm까지 자란다. 거의 몸 길이까지 자라는 긴 꼬리를 지니고 있다.
노랑개코원숭이는 케냐와 탄자니아 그리고 보츠와나에 이르는 동아프리카의 사바나와 나무가 별로 없는 숲에서 산다. 주행성 동물이자, 영역 과시형 동물이고 암수가 섞여서 복잡한 군집 생활을 한다. 과일을 좋아하는 잡식성 동물이지만, 다른 식물뿐만 아니라 곤충도 먹는다.
노랑개코원숭이는 3종의 아종이 있다:
Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus (노랑개코원숭이 모식종) Papio cynocephalus ibeanus Papio cynocephalus kindae
