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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 5.5 years (captivity) Observations: One specimen lived 5.5 years in captivity until it escapted (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Benefits

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Like other members of Peromyscus, California mice fecal matter may transmit hantavirus.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (carries human disease)

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Conservation Status

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Despite its relatively narrow habitat, limited geographic range, and generally low population densities, Peromyscus californicus populations remain healthy.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Behavior

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Like other Peromyscus species, California mice have keen vision and hearing and use chemical cues extensively in communication.

Communication Channels: visual ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Associations

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California mice are important seed predators in the ecosystems in which they live and they form an important prey base for rattlesnakes, owls, and other predators.

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Peromyscus californicus specializes on the fruits, seeds and flowers of shrubs (Meserve 1976). In woodland habitat the seeds of California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) are the major food (Meritt 1974). Arthropods may make up a small percentage on the diet but these are not actively hunted (Meserve 1976). Water is most likely obtained from the food that it eats and supplimented with dew; P. californicus is not as good at water conservation as other species in the genus (Meritt 1974).

Animal Foods: insects

Plant Foods: leaves; seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers

Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore , Granivore )

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Distribution

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Peromyscus californicus is found from San Francisco Bay south and east along the coast ranges and in the eastern Sierra Nevada from Mariposa Co. south to Kern Co. in California south to Bahia San Quintin on the Pacific coast of northwestern Baja California (Bryiski and Harris, 1984; Alvarez-Casteñada and Cortés-Calva, 1999).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Habitat

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Peromyscus californicus is generally restricted to dense chaparrel and broad-sclerophyll woodland (Meritt 1974). The limiting factor for its small geographic range may be the need for naturally occurring burrow holes of the proper size for these larger animals (Grinnell and Orr 1934), as they are poor natural burrowers. The co-occurrence of woodrat houses and a distributional association with the California laurel complex have also been noted as potential limiting factors (Meritt 1974), although there is no direct evidence to implicate any of these.

Range elevation: 2440 (high) m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: chaparral ; forest

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Life Expectancy

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California mice generally live for 9 to 18 months. Populations tend to be fairly stable and at low densities, as compared to other Peromyscus species.

Typical lifespan
Status: wild:
9 to 18 months.

Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
5.5 years.

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Morphology

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Peromyscus californicus is the largest species in its genus. Its total length is between 220-285 mm, with tail length ranging from approximately 117-156 mm (Whitaker 1997). It is distinctly bicolored. Adults have a yellowish brown or gray mixed with black dorsal coloring, and a white underside, and feet. Many individuals have a distinctly fulvous throat patch and a fulvous lateral line separating dorsal from ventral pelage in the shoulder region, sometimes extending to the thigh. Juveniles are gray on top with a white underside. The tail matches the dorsal pelage and is not sharply bicolored. The ears are large, ranging from 20-25 mm (Whitaker 1997).

Range mass: 33.2 to 54.4 g.

Range length: 220 to 285 mm.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Average basal metabolic rate: 0.267 W.

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Associations

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California mice, like other Peromyscus species, are an important prey base for many predators throughout their range. They are preyed on by hawks, owls, rattlesnakes, and small mammalian predators. Their nocturnal and secretive habits help to protect them from many predators.

Known Predators:

  • western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus)
  • barn owls (Tyto alba)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Reproduction

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Unlike most mice P. californicus is truly monogamous, and once mated will stay paired for life (McCade and Blanchard 1950; Ribble 1991; Ribble and Salvioni 1990; Guvernick and Nelson 1990).

Mating System: monogamous

Mating may occur year round, but mainly from March to September. In the lab P. californicus can have up to 6 litters per year, but in the wild the average is 3-4. Gestation is 30 to 33 days and average litter size is 2 (from 1 to 3), with a slight increase in litter size with the age of the female. Compared to other species of Peromyscus, P. californicus young are rather precocious, although weaning is not completed for about 5 weeks. They also have a long period before reaching sexual maturity, approximately 11 weeks for females and even longer for males.

Breeding interval: Females can have up to 6 litters per year, but 3 to 4 is more typical.

Breeding season: Breeding can occur year round but most breeding occurs from March to September.

Range number of offspring: 1 to 3.

Range gestation period: 30 to 33 days.

Average weaning age: 5 weeks.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 11 weeks.

Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 11 (low) weeks.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 4.46 g.

Average number of offspring: 2.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
46 days.

Males help extensively in caring for and protecting the young.

Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Male, Female, Protecting: Male, Female)

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Jess, A. 2000. "Peromyscus californicus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_californicus.html
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Peromyscus californicus ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Peromyscus californicus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu a altituds d'entre 0 i 2.440 msnm als Estats Units i Mèxic. Els seus hàbitats naturals són el chaparral, els boscos de coníferes i roures, els matollars costaners i altres tipus de boscos. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1] El seu nom específic, californicus, significa 'californià' en llatí.[2]

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Peromyscus californicus Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
  1. Linzey, A. V.; Timm, R.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S. T.; Lacher, T. Peromyscus californicus. UICN 2008. Llista Vermella d'espècies amenaçades de la UICN, edició 2008, consultada el 1 agost 2016.
  2. Entrada «Peromyscus» d'Animalia (en anglès).
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Peromyscus californicus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Peromyscus californicus és una espècie de rosegador de la família dels cricètids. Viu a altituds d'entre 0 i 2.440 msnm als Estats Units i Mèxic. Els seus hàbitats naturals són el chaparral, els boscos de coníferes i roures, els matollars costaners i altres tipus de boscos. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie. El seu nom específic, californicus, significa 'californià' en llatí.

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Kalifornische Maus ( German )

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Die Kalifornische Maus (Peromyscus californicus) ist ein in Nord- und Mittelamerika lebendes Nagetier (Rodentia) aus der Familie der Wühler (Cricetidae).

Merkmale

Mit einer Gesamtlänge zwischen 220 und 285 Millimetern ist die Kalifornische Maus die größte Art in ihrer Gattung. Die Schwanzlänge beträgt zwischen 117 und 156 Millimetern. Auffällig sind die großen Ohren, die zwischen 20 und 27 Millimetern lang sind. Ihr Gewicht variiert zwischen 33,2 und 54,4 Gramm.[1] Erwachsene Tiere haben ein braunes, langes und lockeres Rückenfell und zeigen orange braun gefärbte Flanken. Das Fell ist nicht sehr wasserabweisend und durchnässt schnell. Die Unterseite ist ebenso wie die Füße weiß. Der Schwanz ist sehr schwach behaart und nahezu einfarbig hell graubraun gefärbt. Die Zahnformel lautet I1/1-C0/0-P0/0-M3/3.[1]

Ähnliche Arten

Ähnliche Tiere aus der Gattung der Weißfußmäuse (Peromyscus) sind sämtlich kleiner als die Kalifornische Maus.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum

Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Kalifornischen Maus erstreckt sich durch den Südwesten Kaliforniens bis nach Baja California. Sie bewohnt in erster Linie Chaparralflächen und strauchige Hänge, wurde jedoch auch in Küstenmammutbaum- (Sequoia sempervirens) und Eichenwäldern (Quercus) gefunden.

Lebensweise

 src=
Die Früchte von Rhus integrifolia sind eine wichtige Nahrung
 src=
Pazifik-Klapperschlange, ein Hauptfressfeind

Die überwiegend dämmerungs- und nachtaktive Kalifornische Maus lebt in Nestern, die bevorzugt unter umgestürzten Baumstämmen oder abgestorbener Vegetation angelegt werden oder von anderen Nagetieren übernommen wurden, sofern sie unbesetzt sind. Nester bestehen aus groben, trockene Gräsern und Blättern sowie Stöcken. Im Zentrum befindet sich eine mit feinen Gräsern ausgekleidete Kammer. Das Nest wird aktiv verteidigt und für längere Zeit besetzt. Die Mäuse können gut klettern, halten sich jedoch überwiegend am Boden auf. Sie kommunizieren mit anderen Mitgliedern ihrer Spezies mittels Ultraschall. Die Art und Weise, wie Männchen und Weibchen miteinander kommunizieren, ändert sich während der Entwicklung einer Paarbindung von einem aggressiven zu einem assoziativen Stil und anhand der Eigenschaften ihrer Lautäußerungen kann die Stabilität der Paarbindung beurteilt werden.[2]

Im Gegensatz zu den meisten ähnlichen Arten zeigt die Kalifornische Maus ein monogames Verhalten und die Partner bleiben nach der Paarung ein Leben lang zusammen. Die Paarung kann das ganze Jahr hindurch erfolgen, hauptsächlich jedoch von März bis September. Die Weibchen werfen zuweilen mehrmals im Jahr. Die Wurfgröße variiert in der Regel von einem bis zu drei Jungtieren. Die Männchen beteiligen sich aktiv an der Aufzucht der Jungen und dem Schutz des Nestes. Die Entwöhnung beginnt nach etwa fünf Wochen.[1]

Die Nahrung der Kalifornischen Maus besteht überwiegend aus Blättern, Blüten, Früchte und Samen. In den Monaten der Verfügbarkeit werden die Früchte von Rhus integrifolia, Weißer Salbei (Salvia apiana) und Kalifornischem Lorbeer (Umbellularia californica) bevorzugt.[1]

Hauptfressfeinde der Kalifornischen Maus sind Wiesel und Schleiereulen (Tyto alba) sowie die Pazifik-Klapperschlange (Crotalus oreganus).[3]

Gefährdung

In ihren Vorkommensgebieten ist die Kalifornische Maus nicht selten und wird von der Weltnaturschutzorganisation IUCN als „Least Concern = nicht gefährdet“ klassifiziert.[4]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d Joseph F. Merritt: Mammalial Species Peromyscus californicus, Mammalial Species Nr. 85, The American Society of Mammalogists, 1978, S. 1–96
  2. Joseph D. Pultorak, Sarah J. Alger, Dtephen O. Loria, Aaron M. Johnson & Catherine A. Marler: Changes in Behavior and Ultrasonic Vocalizations During Pair Bonding and in Response to an Infidelity Challenge in Monogamous California Mice, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution No. 6, 2018, [1]
  3. Animal Diversity Web [2]
  4. IUCN Red List
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Kalifornische Maus: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Kalifornische Maus (Peromyscus californicus) ist ein in Nord- und Mittelamerika lebendes Nagetier (Rodentia) aus der Familie der Wühler (Cricetidae).

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California deermouse

provided by wikipedia EN

The California deermouse or California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) is a species of rodent in the subfamily Neotominae in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the Peromyscus californicus species group. It is found in northwestern Mexico and central to southern California. It is the largest Peromyscus species in the United States.[2][3]

While most rodents are polygamous, the California deermouse is monogamous and forms pair bonds,[4] making it a model organism for researchers studying the genetics and neurobiology of partner fidelity[5] and paternal care.

Description

The California deermouse has very large ears, and its tail is longer than the head and body combined. Including the tail, which is about 117 to 156 mm (4.6 to 6.1 in) long, the mouse ranges in length from 220 to 285 mm (8.7 to 11.2 in).[6] The coat is overall orange, mixed with black and brown hairs. This dorsal colour shades to a creamy-white belly colour.[7] The manus and feet are white.[2][8][9] Adults are large enough that they can be confused with juvenile Neotoma fuscipes, a close relative in the subfamily Neotominae. The dental formula is 1003/1003.[10]

Breeding

The California deermouse is semiarboreal, but tends to nest on the ground, under debris such as fallen logs, and they will also move into Neotoma fuscipes nests as seasonal residents.[11] Nests are insulated with coarse, dry grasses, weeds, and sticks, and fine grass is used as bedding in the center chamber.[12][13] The California mouse forms pair bonds and the males help raise the young.[4][13][14][15] A litter usually consists of only two pups, but a pair may produce as many as six litters in a year. Gestation ranges from 21 to 25 days. Weaning occurs when the offspring are five to six weeks of age.[13][16]

Map of Peromyscus californicus distribution in the state of California, United States

Behaviour

P. californicus is more strongly territorial than P. maniculatus, with both sexes defending the nest site. Males are also aggressive toward one another; their fighting techniques involve jumping, avoidance, and a characteristic mewing cry.[17] This male aggression often is a trade-off between parental care, for males that spend more time engaging in territorial aggression consequently spend less time providing food for offspring.[18] The mouse communicates with other members of its species via ultrasound. The manner in which a male and female communicate changes from a more aggressive style to a more affiliative style during the development of a pair bond, and the characteristics of their vocalizations can be used to predict the stability of the pair bond.[19] California mice are mostly active at night.[20]

Diet

The mouse's diet consists of shrub fruits, seeds, and flowers, such as of Rhus integrifolia, Lotus scoparius, and Salvia apiana.[21] They also consume grasses, forbs, fungi, and arthropods.[22]

Predators

Their main predators are weasels and barn owls.[23][24]

References

  1. ^ Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Lacher, T. (2016). "Peromyscus californicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16654A22361553. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T16654A22361553.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Grinnell, J & Orr, RT 1934 (1934). "Systematic review of the californicus group of the rodent genus Peromyscus". Journal of Mammalogy. 15 (3): 210–220. doi:10.2307/1373853. JSTOR 1373853.
  3. ^ Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. (2005). Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  4. ^ a b CANTONI, DEBORA; BROWN, RICHARD E (1997). "Paternal investment and reproductive success in the California mouse,Peromyscus californicus". Animal Behaviour. 54 (2): 377–386. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0583. PMID 9268470. S2CID 7797715.
  5. ^ Crossland, J.; Lewandowski, A. (2006). "Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model" (PDF). Techtalk. 11: 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-20. Retrieved 2009-05-25.
  6. ^ Kalcounis-Rüppell, Matina C.; Millar, John S. (2002). "Partitioning of Space, Food, and Time by Syntopic Peromyscus Boylii and P. Californicus". Journal of Mammalogy. 83 (2): 614–625. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0614:POSFAT>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 62900746.
  7. ^ Meserve, Peter L. (1976). "Food Relationships of a Rodent Fauna in a California Coastal Sage Scrub Community". Journal of Mammalogy. 57 (2): 300–319. doi:10.2307/1379690. ISSN 0022-2372. JSTOR 1379690.
  8. ^ Osgood, WH (1908). "Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus". North American Fauna. 28: 1–285. doi:10.3996/nafa.28.0001.
  9. ^ Allen, JA (1896). "On mammals from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California". Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 8: 263–270. hdl:2246/752.
  10. ^ Merritt, Joseph F. (1978-01-06). "Peromyscus californicus". Mammalian Species (85): 1–6. doi:10.2307/3503909. ISSN 0076-3519. JSTOR 3503909.
  11. ^ M'Closkey, Robert T. (1976-07-01). "Community Structure in Sympatric Rodents". Ecology. 57 (4): 728–739. doi:10.2307/1936186. ISSN 1939-9170. JSTOR 1936186.
  12. ^ Clark, FH (1936). "Geotropic behavior on a sloping plane of arboreal and non-arboreal races of mice of the genus Peromyscus". Journal of Mammalogy. 17 (1): 44–47. doi:10.2307/1374549. JSTOR 1374549.
  13. ^ a b c McCabe, TT and BD Blanchard. 1950. Three Species of Peromyscus. Rood Associates, Santa Barbara, California.
  14. ^ Dudley, D. 1973. [ Paternal behavior in the California mouse] (P. californicus) (Thesis) University of California.
  15. ^ Eisenberg, JF (1962). "Studies on the behavior of Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii and Peromyscus californicus parasiticus". Behaviour. 19 (3): 177–207. doi:10.1163/156853962X00014.
  16. ^ Svihla, A (1932). "A comparative life history study of the mice of the genus Peromyscus" (PDF). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. 24: 1–39.
  17. ^ Eisenberg, JF (1963). "The intraspecific social behavior of some Cricetine rodents of the genus Peromyscus". American Midland Naturalist. 69 (1): 240–246. doi:10.2307/2422858. JSTOR 2422858.
  18. ^ Trainor, Brian C.; Marler, Catherine A. (2001). "Testosterone, Paternal Behavior, and Aggression in the Monogamous California Mouse (Peromyscus californicus)". Hormones and Behavior. 40 (1): 32–42. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2001.1652. PMID 11467882. S2CID 1409147.
  19. ^ Pultorak, J. D.; Alger, S. J.; Loria, S. O.; Johnson, A. M.; Marler, C. A. (2018). "Changes in Behavior and Ultrasonic Vocalizations During Pair Bonding and in Response to an Infidelity Challenge in Monogamous California Mice". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 6. doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00125.
  20. ^ Marten, GG (1973). "Time patterns of Peromyscus activity and their correlations with weather". Journal of Mammalogy. 54 (1): 169–188. doi:10.2307/1378878. JSTOR 1378878.
  21. ^ Meserve, PL (1972) Resource and habitat utilization by rodents of the coastal sage scrub community (Thesis) University of California, Irvine.
  22. ^ Merritt, JF (1974). "Factors influencing the local distribution of Peromyscus californicus in northern California". Journal of Mammalogy. 55 (1): 102–114. doi:10.2307/1379260. JSTOR 1379260.
  23. ^ Vestal, EH (1937). "Activities of a weasel at a woodrat colony". Journal of Mammalogy. 18 (3): 364. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.364.
  24. ^ Von Bloeker, JC (1937). "Mammal remains from detritus of raptorial birds in California". Journal of Mammalogy. 18 (3): 360–361. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.360.
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California deermouse: Brief Summary

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The California deermouse or California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) is a species of rodent in the subfamily Neotominae in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the Peromyscus californicus species group. It is found in northwestern Mexico and central to southern California. It is the largest Peromyscus species in the United States.

While most rodents are polygamous, the California deermouse is monogamous and forms pair bonds, making it a model organism for researchers studying the genetics and neurobiology of partner fidelity and paternal care.

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Peromyscus californicus ( Basque )

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Peromyscus californicus Peromyscus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Neotominae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. Gambel (1848) Cricetidae Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 78. or..

Ikus, gainera

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Peromyscus californicus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Peromyscus californicus Peromyscus generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Neotominae azpifamilia eta Cricetidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Souris de Californie ( French )

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Peromyscus californicus

La Souris de Californie[1] (Peromyscus californicus) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés. C'est un rongeur qui habite naturellement depuis le nord du Mexique jusqu'en Californie. Aux États-Unis, cette espèce est la plus grande du genre Peromyscus[2],[3].

Description de l'espèce

La Souris de Californie a une petite taille d'entre 22 et 28,5 cm de long. La queue est particulièrement longue par rapport à son corps, elle mesure entre 11,7 et 15,6 cm. La fourrure de cette espèce est marron avec quelques poils noirs tandis que la partie ventrale a une couleur plutôt blanche[2]. La formule dentaire de ce rongeur est 1003/1003[4].

Répartition et habitat

Elle vit uniquement dans le sud de la Californie (États-Unis) et dans la Basse-Californie (Mexique). On la trouve dans le Chaparral et dans les zones boisées de conifères et de chênes[5].

Liste des sous-espèces

Selon NCBI (18 mars 2016)[6] :

  • sous-espèce Peromyscus californicus insignis

Notes et références

  1. (en) Murray Wrobel, 2007. Elsevier's dictionary of mammals: in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, 2007. (ISBN 0444518770), 9780444518774. 857 pages. Rechercher dans le document numérisé
  2. a et b (en) Wilfred H. Osgood, « A REVISION OF THE MICE OF THE AMERICAN GENUS PEROMYSCUS », North American Fauna, vol. 28,‎ 17 avril 1909, p. 1–285 (ISSN et , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 8 avril 2020)
  3. Rudolf Schmid, Don. E. Wilson et DeeAnn M. Reeder, « Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference », Taxon, vol. 42, no 2,‎ mai 1993, p. 512 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 8 avril 2020)
  4. Joseph F. Merritt, « Peromyscus californicus », Mammalian Species, no 85,‎ 6 janvier 1978, p. 1 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 8 avril 2020)
  5. UICN, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  6. NCBI, consulté le 18 mars 2016

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Souris de Californie: Brief Summary ( French )

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Peromyscus californicus

La Souris de Californie (Peromyscus californicus) est une espèce de rongeurs de la famille des Cricétidés. C'est un rongeur qui habite naturellement depuis le nord du Mexique jusqu'en Californie. Aux États-Unis, cette espèce est la plus grande du genre Peromyscus,.

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Peromyscus californicus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Peromyscus californicus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Gambel in 1848.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in Mexico en de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Peromyscus californicus: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Peromyscus californicus is een zoogdier uit de familie van de Cricetidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Gambel in 1848.

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Peromyscus californicus ( Portuguese )

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Peromyscus californicus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: México e Estados Unidos da América.

Referências

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Peromyscus californicus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Peromyscus californicus é uma espécie de roedor da família Cricetidae.

Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: México e Estados Unidos da América.

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Kalifornisk hjortråtta ( Swedish )

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Kalifornisk hjortråtta (Peromyscus californicus)[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av William Gambel 1848. Den ingår i släktet hjortråttor och familjen hamsterartade gnagare.[8][9] Internationella naturvårdsunionen (IUCN) kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[8]

Utseende

Gnagaren är med en absolut längd av 220 till 285 mm, inklusive en 117 till 156 mm lång svans och med en vikt av 33 till 54,4 g den största arten i släktet. Den har 24 till 31 mm långa bakfötter och 21 till nästan 26 mm långa öron. Pälsens färg på ovansidan kan variera mellan brunaktig, liksom hos ett rådjur, till svartaktig. Undersidan är täckt av olivgrå till ljusbrun päls. Peromyscus californicus har ett robust huvud och kraftiga kindtänder.[10]

Utbredning och habitat

Arten förekommer i södra Kalifornien (USA) och på halvön Baja California (Mexiko). Den lever i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 2440 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs av busklandskapet Chaparral, av andra buskskogar och av blandskogar.[1]

Ekologi

Kalifornisk hjortråtta använder naturliga håligheter och underjordiska bon som skapades av andra djur som gömställe. Arten använder till exempel bon som en skogsråtta byggde av kvistar. För ungarnas födelse skapas ett näste av gräs som göms i växtligheten eller bakom annan bråte.[1]

Informationer om artens beteende kommer främst från exemplar som hölls i fångenskap. De var aktiva på dagen och på natten med varierande vilotider. Hannar som hölls i samma bur var aggressiva mot varandra. I naturen har den kaliforniska hjortråttan ett revir som är cirka 0,15 hektar stort. Födan utgörs av olika växtdelar som frön, frukter, blommor och örter som kompletteras med svampar och några ryggradslösa djur.[10]

Djuret jagas av medelstora rovdjur och av ugglor.[10]

Antagligen sker fortplantningen under årets varma tider och en hona kan ha upp till fyra kullar per år. I fångenskap varierade det genomsnittliga antalet av ungar per kull mellan 1,9 och 2,5. Kullar med fyra ungar är sällsynt och begränsad till södra populationer. Nyfödda ungar är nakna, blinda och döva. I motsats till ungar av andra hjortråttor är huden på ovansidan inte köttfärgad utan brunaktig. Vissa ungar diar sin mor fem veckor, vad som är ganska lång för en gnagare.[10]

Källor

Noter

  1. ^ [a b c d] 2008 Peromyscus californicus Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  5. ^ (2005) , website Peromyscus californicus, Mammal Species of the World
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (5 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  10. ^ [a b c d] Merritt (6 januari 1978). Peromyscus californicus (på engelska). Mammalian Species #85. American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-085-01-0001.pdf. Läst 21 marsi 2017.

Externa länkar

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Kalifornisk hjortråtta: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Kalifornisk hjortråtta (Peromyscus californicus) är en däggdjursart som först beskrevs av William Gambel 1848. Den ingår i släktet hjortråttor och familjen hamsterartade gnagare. Internationella naturvårdsunionen (IUCN) kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.

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Каліфорнійська миша ( Ukrainian )

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  1. {{{assessors}}} (2008). Peromyscus californicus. 2008 Червоний список Міжнародного союзу охорони природи. МСОП 2008. Переглянуто 27 серпня 2009. Ця база даних включає у себе коротке обґрунтування того, чому цей вид у найменшій загрозі.
  2. а б Grinnell, J; Orr, RT 1934 (1934). Systematic review of the californicus group of the rodent genus Peromyscus. Journal of Mammalogy 15 (3): 210–220. doi:10.2307/1373853.(англ.)
  3. Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. (2005). Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894—1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.(англ.)
  4. Crossland, J.; Lewandowski, A. (2006). Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model. Techtalk 11: 1–2. Архів оригіналу за 20 листопад 2008. Процитовано 13 грудень 2016.(англ.)
  5. Osgood, WH (1908). Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. North Am. Fauna 28: 1–285. doi:10.3996/nafa.28.0001.(англ.)
  6. Allen, JA (1896). On mammals from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 8: 263–270. hdl:2246/752.(англ.)
  7. Clark, FH (1936). Geotropic behavior on a sloping plane of arboreal and non-arboreal races of mice of the genus Peromyscus. Journal of Mammalogy 17: 44–47. doi:10.2307/1374549.(англ.)
  8. а б в McCabe, TT and BD Blanchard. 1950. Three Species of Peromyscus. Rood Associates, Santa Barbara, California.(англ.)
  9. Eisenberg, JF (1963). The intraspecific social behavior of some Cricetine rodents of the genus Peromyscus. American Midland Naturalist 69: 240–246. doi:10.2307/2422858.(англ.)
  10. Dudley, D. 1973. Paternal behavior in the California mouse (P. californicus) (Thesis) University of California.(англ.)
  11. Eisenberg, JF (1962). Studies on the behavior of Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii and Peromyscus californicus parasiticus. Behavior 19 (3): 177–207. doi:10.1163/156853962X00014.(англ.)
  12. Svihla, A (1932). A comparative life history study of the mice of the genus Peromyscus. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 24: 1–39.(англ.)
  13. Meserve, PL (1972) Resource and habitat utilization by rodents of the coastal sage scrub community (Thesis) University of California, Irvine.(англ.)
  14. Merritt, JF (1974). Factors influencing the local distribution of Peromyscus californicus in northern California. Journal of Mammalogy 55: 102–114. doi:10.2307/1379260.(англ.)
  15. Marten, GG (1973). Time patterns of Peromyscus activity and their correlations with weather. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 169–188. doi:10.2307/1378878.(англ.)
  16. Vestal, EH (1937). Activities of a weasel at a woodrat colony. Journal of Mammalogy 18: 364. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.364.(англ.)
  17. Von Bloeker, JC (1937). Mammal remains from detritus of raptorial birds in California. Journal of Mammalogy 18: 360–361. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.360.(англ.)
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Каліфорнійська миша: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

provided by wikipedia UK
{{{assessors}}} (2008). Peromyscus californicus. 2008 Червоний список Міжнародного союзу охорони природи. МСОП 2008. Переглянуто 27 серпня 2009. Ця база даних включає у себе коротке обґрунтування того, чому цей вид у найменшій загрозі. ↑ Grinnell, J; Orr, RT 1934 (1934). Systematic review of the californicus group of the rodent genus Peromyscus. Journal of Mammalogy 15 (3): 210–220. doi:10.2307/1373853.(англ.) Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. (2005). Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894—1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.(англ.) Crossland, J.; Lewandowski, A. (2006). Peromyscus – A fascinating laboratory animal model. Techtalk 11: 1–2. Архів оригіналу за 20 листопад 2008. Процитовано 13 грудень 2016.(англ.) Osgood, WH (1908). Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. North Am. Fauna 28: 1–285. doi:10.3996/nafa.28.0001.(англ.) Allen, JA (1896). On mammals from the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 8: 263–270. hdl:2246/752.(англ.) Clark, FH (1936). Geotropic behavior on a sloping plane of arboreal and non-arboreal races of mice of the genus Peromyscus. Journal of Mammalogy 17: 44–47. doi:10.2307/1374549.(англ.) ↑ McCabe, TT and BD Blanchard. 1950. Three Species of Peromyscus. Rood Associates, Santa Barbara, California.(англ.) Eisenberg, JF (1963). The intraspecific social behavior of some Cricetine rodents of the genus Peromyscus. American Midland Naturalist 69: 240–246. doi:10.2307/2422858.(англ.) Dudley, D. 1973. Paternal behavior in the California mouse (P. californicus) (Thesis) University of California.(англ.) Eisenberg, JF (1962). Studies on the behavior of Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii and Peromyscus californicus parasiticus. Behavior 19 (3): 177–207. doi:10.1163/156853962X00014.(англ.) Svihla, A (1932). A comparative life history study of the mice of the genus Peromyscus. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 24: 1–39.(англ.) Meserve, PL (1972) Resource and habitat utilization by rodents of the coastal sage scrub community (Thesis) University of California, Irvine.(англ.) Merritt, JF (1974). Factors influencing the local distribution of Peromyscus californicus in northern California. Journal of Mammalogy 55: 102–114. doi:10.2307/1379260.(англ.) Marten, GG (1973). Time patterns of Peromyscus activity and their correlations with weather. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 169–188. doi:10.2307/1378878.(англ.) Vestal, EH (1937). Activities of a weasel at a woodrat colony. Journal of Mammalogy 18: 364. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.364.(англ.) Von Bloeker, JC (1937). Mammal remains from detritus of raptorial birds in California. Journal of Mammalogy 18: 360–361. doi:10.1093/jmammal/18.3.360.(англ.)
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Peromyscus californicus ( Vietnamese )

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Peromyscus californicus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Gambel mô tả năm 1848.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A.V., Timm, R., Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. & Lacher, T. (2008). Peromyscus californicus. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 8 năm 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Peromyscus californicus”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến họ gặm nhấm Cricetidae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Peromyscus californicus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Peromyscus californicus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cricetidae, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được Gambel mô tả năm 1848.

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Калифорнийский хомячок ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Плацентарные
Надотряд: Euarchontoglires
Грандотряд: Грызунообразные
Отряд: Грызуны
Подотряд: Мышеобразные
Семейство: Хомяковые
Подсемейство: Неотомовые хомяки
Триба: Reithrodontomyini
Вид: Калифорнийский хомячок
Международное научное название

Peromyscus californicus (Gambel, 1848)

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ITIS 180283NCBI 42520EOL 310823

Калифорнийский хомячок[1][2] (лат. Peromyscus californicus) — вид грызунов из семейства хомяковых (Сricetidae). Обитает в северо-западной Мексике, а также в центральной части южной Калифорнии. Является самым крупным видом из рода белоногих хомячков в США.[3]

В то время как большинство грызунов полигамны, калифорнийские мыши образую моногамные долгосрочные пары, что делает их модельным организмом для исследований, направленных на изучение генетики и нейробиологии верности партнёру и родительской заботы.

Описание

Калифорнийская мышь имеет очень большие уши, а ее хвост длиннее, чем голова и туловище вместе взятые. Учитывая хвост, который составляет около от 117 до 156 мм в длину, общая длина мыши колеблется от 220 до 285 мм. Шерсть в целом коричневого цвета, с черным опушением. Этот цвет начиная со спины переходит в сливочно-белые оттенки на животе. Передние и задние конечности белые.[3][4][5] Взрослые особи достаточно велики, чтобы спутать их с молодыми лесными хомяками (Neotoma).

Образ жизни

Калифорнийская мышь — полудревесное животное, но, как правило, гнездится на земле, например, под обломками упавших брёвен. Норы утепляются грубой, сухой травой и палочками, а тонкая трава используется как подстилка.[6][7] P. californicus более территориальные чем Г. maniculatus, причём оба пола защищают своё жилье. Самцы агрессивны по отношению друг к другу; в своих боях они используют прыжки, уклонения и характерные мяукающие крики.[8]

Моногамные пары калифорнийских мышей помогают молодняка крепнуть и развиваться.[7][9][10] Помёт обычно состоит всего из двух мышат, но пара может выдать целых шесть помётов в год. Беременность длится от 21 до 25 дней. Потомство оставляет родителей в возрасте от пяти до шести недель.[7][11]

Рацион калифорнийской мыши состоит из сухих плодов, семян и цветков, такие, как Rhus integrifolia, Lotus scoparius и Salvia apiana.[12] Также они потребляют различные травы, разнотравье, грибы и членистоногих.[13]

Калифорнийские мыши в основном активны ночью.[14] Их главные враги в природе — горностаи и сипухи.[15][16]

Примечания

  1. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 2 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: Омега, 2007. — С. 448. — 3000 экз.ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8.
  2. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 169. — 10 000 экз.
  3. 1 2 Grinnell, J. and Orr, RT (1934).
  4. Osgood, WH (1908).
  5. Allen, JA (1896).
  6. Clark, FH (1936).
  7. 1 2 3 McCabe, TT and BD Blanchard. 1950.
  8. Eisenberg, JF (1963).
  9. Dudley, D. 1973.
  10. Eisenberg, JF (1962).
  11. Svihla, A (1932).
  12. Meserve, PL (1972) Resource and habitat utilization by rodents of the coastal sage scrub community (Thesis) University of California, Irvine.
  13. Merritt, JF (1974).
  14. Marten, GG (1973).
  15. Vestal, EH (1937).
  16. Von Bloeker, JC (1937).
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Калифорнийский хомячок: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Калифорнийский хомячок (лат. Peromyscus californicus) — вид грызунов из семейства хомяковых (Сricetidae). Обитает в северо-западной Мексике, а также в центральной части южной Калифорнии. Является самым крупным видом из рода белоногих хомячков в США.

В то время как большинство грызунов полигамны, калифорнийские мыши образую моногамные долгосрочные пары, что делает их модельным организмом для исследований, направленных на изучение генетики и нейробиологии верности партнёру и родительской заботы.

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캘리포니아쥐 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

캘리포니아쥐(Peromyscus californicus)는 비단털쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 멕시코 북서부와 캘리포니아주 중남부에서 발견된다. 미국에서 가장 큰 사슴쥐속 종이다.[3]

각주

  1. “Peromyscus californicus”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 8월 27일에 확인함. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  2. Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M.D. (2005). 〈Superfamily Muroidea〉 [쥐상과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 894–1531쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Grinnell, J & Orr, RT 1934 (1934). “Systematic review of the californicus group of the rodent genus Peromyscus”. 《Journal of Mammalogy》 15 (3): 210–220. doi:10.2307/1373853.
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