Habitat
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Spotted bats have been found foraging in many different habitats, especially in arid or Ponderosa Pine forests, and marshlands. Because of the low frequency of their echolocation calls large open habitat is predicted to be preferred. However, it is believed that the distribution of suitable diurnal roosting sites is cause for the patchy distribution of this species. Spotted Bats roost in the small cracks found in cliffs and stony outcrops. They have been found as high as 3000m above sea level, and even below sea level in the deserts of California.
(Pierson and Rainey 1998; Poche 1981; Watkins 1977)
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; forest ; mountains
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- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Distribution
provided by Animal Diversity Web
The Spotted bat has a patchy distribution, occurring from northern Mexico to British Columbia. They are seldom abundant. Recorded observations extend from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains inland.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
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- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Trophic Strategy
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Like most Microchiroptera, the Spotted bat is an echolocator, but uses very low frequencies to locate prey (9-12kHz). These frequencies limit the Spotted bat to catching large flying insects, apparently specializing on large moths that cannot detect echolocation calls of such low frequencies. Insects seem to be caught in the air at a rate of about one every 45 seconds, and most recorded foraging behavior occurred from 11 pm to 3 am.
(Wai-ping and Fenton 1989; Watkins 1977).
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- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Benefits
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Unknown, but as a specialist on moths they might be important in controlling specific moth populations
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- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Benefits
provided by Animal Diversity Web
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Conservation Status
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Very little is known about the distribution of the population of this bat. The lack of natural history data places it in class 2, requiring more information. Because the Spotted Bat seems to forage in various habitats, conservation of diurnal roosts, rocky cliffs that have snug cracks for roosting, seem to be the best way to protect this species. However large open foraging sights, where their echolocation is most effective, are important to the conservation of this species, as well as the availability of large moths as prey.
Temperate North American bats are now threatened by a fungal disease called “white-nose syndrome.” This disease has devastated eastern North American bat populations at hibernation sites since 2007. The fungus, Geomyces destructans, grows best in cold, humid conditions that are typical of many bat hibernacula. The fungus grows on, and in some cases invades, the bodies of hibernating bats and seems to result in disturbance from hibernation, causing a debilitating loss of important metabolic resources and mass deaths. Mortality rates at some hibernation sites have been as high as 90%. While there are currently no reports of Euderma maculatum mortalities as a result of white-nose syndrome, the disease continues to expand its range in North America.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Behavior
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical
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- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Morphology
provided by Animal Diversity Web
Total length, 126 mm; tail, 51 mm; hind foot, 12 mm; ear, 47 mm; forearm 48.51 mm. The Spotted bat is so named for its three white spots located over each shoulder and on the rump. The surrounding dorsal fur is black while the ventral fur is light with dark underfur. The face is black and the ears and wings are pale.
Range mass: 16 to 20 g.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
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- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Reproduction
provided by Animal Diversity Web
The female gives birth to one young weighing 20% of her body weight usually around June. Young do not have the spots of the adults, nor fully developed ears at birth. Juveniles have been caught in mist nets in July. Lactating females have been caught as late as August.
(Watkins 1977)
Range number of offspring: 1 to 1.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
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- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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- The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors
- bibliographic citation
- Hussain, S. 2000. "Euderma maculatum" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euderma_maculatum.html
- author
- Sofia Hussain, University of California, Berkeley
- editor
- James Patton, University of California, Berkeley
Amenazas
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Factores de riesgo
Dependencia de la especie a los matorrales xerófilos, el cual presenta bajos niveles de deforestación. Entre las principales amenazas esta el sobrepastoreo del ganado caprino, la explotación forestal ya que se talan mezquitales u otros especies arbóreas como fuente de combustible y para la construcción, y el comercio ilegal de especies vegetales (e.g. cactáceas). Estas variables en conjunto tienen un efecto negativo al hábitat del murciélago pinto. La especie no está sujeta a ningún tipo de captura para su comercio u otra actividad.
Situación actual del hábitat con respecto a las necesidades de la especie
El matorral xerófilo es quizás el hábitat menos afectado por las actividades humanas. Por lo general, estos ambientes no son favorables para el desarrollo de la agricultura y ganadería. Sin embargo, el ganado caprino es tolerante a estos ambientes, por lo que se ha desarrollado esta actividad causando un severo impacto sobre el matorral xerófilo, debido al sobrepastoreo (Arriaga et al., 2000; Rzedowski, 1986).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Biología de poblaciones
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Antecedentes del estado de la especie o de las poblaciones principales
La especie es considerada rara, por su baja abundancia. Solo se han registrado cinco ejemplares en México: en Durango y en Querétaro (Hall, 1981; Navarro y León-Paniagua, 1995; Villa, 1966).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Biología del taxón
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Relevancia de la especie
Aparentemente es una especie rara por su baja abundancia, su distribución muy restringida en México (registrada únicamente en Durango y en Querétaro), la falta de conocimiento sobre su biología, sus hábitos alimenticios (insectívoro) y su dependencia a los matorrales xerófilos, son características que hacen que este murciélago sea una especie sujeta a protección especial.
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Comportamiento
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Son organismos solitarios, con excepción del período de hibernación, cuando se han visto agrupados. Se refugian principalmente en las grietas de los peñas y acantilados, no es frecuente que use las oquedades de los árboles, esto al parecer depende de la disponibilidad de sitios potenciales como refugios. Son territoriales y defienden su área de forrajeo. Usualmente forrajean solos a una altura entre 10 a 30 m sobre el sustrato, su período de actividad comienza al parecer después de media noche (Easterla, 1973; Leonard y Fenton, 1982).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Conservación
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
No hay ninguna medida o programa de conservación para la especie. Sin embargo, dentro de su área de distribución, la cual no está bien definida, se encuentran las regiones terrestres prioritarias: la Sierra de Órganos, Durango-Zacatecas; Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes-Zacatecas; Sierra Santa Bárbara-Santa Rosa Guanajuato; y Cerro Zamorano, Guanajuato-Querétaro; Sierra Gorda-Río Moctezuma, Querétaro-Hidalgo-Guanajuato-San Luis Potosí (Arriaga et al., 2000). Es importante realizar estudios para conocer la distribución real de la especie, ya que sólo se han capturado 5 ejemplares en todo México. Es necesario conocer aspectos sobre su reproducción y dinámica poblacional, entre otros aspectos de su biología, con el fin de implementar estrategias de manejo y conservación para la especie.
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Descripción
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Murciélago grande. Posee una cabeza estrecha, con un rostro corto y orejas largas. La parte dorsal del cuerpo es de color negro con dos manchas o motas blancas a la altura de los hombros (ca. 15 mm de diámetro) y una más en la base de la cola (característica diagnóstica del género), la parte ventral es blanca con la base de los pelos negra y las puntas blancas. Presenta un área descubierta de pelo en la garganta que usualmente es redonda de 10 mm de diámetro. La cola es larga y se extiende hasta el borde del uropatagio. Las membranas alares, la cola y las orejas son de color rosado. El cráneo de esta especie presenta una caja craneal redondeada, grande y baja, bulla auditiva grande y alargada, incisivos superiores bilobulados y caninos inferiores relativamente pequeños entre la subfamilia (Villa, 1966; Watkins, 1977). Las medidas corporales (en mm) para ambos sexos son: longitud total, 107 a 115; longitud de la cola, 47 a 50; longitud de la pata trasera, 12; oreja, 45 a 50; antebrazo, 48 a 51; Peso 16 a 20 g. Fórmula dentaria: i 2/3, c 1/1, p 2/2, m 3/3 = 34 (Watkins, 1977).
Historia de la vida
Vivíparos, homeotermos.
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Distribución
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Actual
MEXICO
Esta especie tiene una amplia distribución en Estados Unidos y Canadá. En México se distribuye en Durango y en Querétaro, por el Altiplano Mexicano (Hall, 1981; Navarro y León-Paniagua, 1995; Watkins, 1977).
MEXICO / DURANGO
Navarro (Hall, 1981).
MEXICO / QUERETARO
1 mi NE Peña Blanca (Hall, 1981).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Estado de conservación
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2001
Pr sujeta a protección especial
NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
Pr sujeta a protección especial
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Estrategia trófica
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Es una especie insectívora que se alimenta principalmente de escarabajos, palomillas y otros pequeños insectos voladores, quienes los capturan en el vuelo (Watkins, 1977).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Hábitat
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Presenta una preferencia por el matorral xerófilo y por el chaparral, con menor frecuencia ha sido capturado en los bosques de coníferas (Watkins, 1977).
Macroclima
Habita en climas secos del tipo BW (seco desértico) y en climas del tipo semiárido BS (seco estepario). Se distribuye desde los 1500 hasta los 2438 msnm (Hall, 1981; Rzedowski, 1986).
Uso de hábitat
Por lo general prefiere las zonas abiertas, próximas a ríos o cuerpos de agua (Watkins, 1977).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Reproducción
(
Spanish; Castilian
)
provided by Conabio
Al parecer los nacimientos son al comienzo de la estación de lluvias, se han observado algunas hembras preñadas y lactantes en junio y agosto en Texas (Easterla, 1970) y sólo se ha registrado una hembra preñada en agosto en Querétaro (León-Paniagua et al., 1990).
Fecundidad
Las hembras tienen una cría al año (Nowak, 1999).
- bibliographic citation
- Zarza-Villanueva, H. 2006. Ficha técnica de Euderma maculatum. En: Medellín, R. (compilador). Los mamíferos mexicanos en riesgo de extinción según el PROY-NOM-059-ECOL-2000. Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto No. W005. México, D.F.
- author
- Zarza-Villanueva, H.
Spotted bat (Euderma maculatum)
provided by EOL authors
The spotted bat is a species of vesper bat (Family Vespertilonidae). Joel Asaph Allen described the bat in 1891. The bat is 10-12 cm long with a 35-3 cm wingspan, 4 cm long ears and weighs 15-20 g. It has mainly jet black fur with two large white spots on its shoulders and one white spot on its rump. The fur on its underbelly is snow white. The wings are pink in color and the ears have a pinkish tone. Total length, 126 mm; tail, 51 mm; hind foot, 12 mm; ear, 47 mm; forearm 48.51 mm. The Spotted bat is so named for its three white spots located over each shoulder and on the rump. The surrounding dorsal fur is black while the ventral fur is light with dark underfur. The face is black and the ears and wings are pale. It lives in undisturbed roosts on cliffs in arid regions along the Grand Canyon in Arizona, as well as open and dense deciduous and coniferous forests (especially Ponderosa Pine forests) , hay fields, deserts, marshes, riparian areas and dry shrub-steppe grasslands in rugged landscapes in Nevada, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, California, Colorado, Utah, and British Columbia, Canada and into central Mexico from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains inland. It may occur at 3000m above sea level or below sea level in the deserts of California (Pierson and Rainey 1998; Poche 1981; Watkins 1977). Their habitat is associated with a water source such as a spring, creek, river or lake. This species seems to be roost faithful; they return to the same diurnal roost every night in the summer. In the Autumn their behaviour becomes less predictable. Typically at a site usually only one is caught per night; individuals are well dispersed, separated by distances of 750-1000m of each other. Some bats migrate from colder to warmer regions in winter, such as Ponderosa pine high elevation habitats in June and July to lower elevations in August. Bats enter torpor in cold weather; the body temperature falls to that of their surroundings and the heart rate slows. They roost in the small cracks found in vertical cliffs and stony outcrops and in open canyons. The bat rolls of its ears around its head when it rests. When it becomes active, the ears inflate with blood and unroll. The bat is solitary and territorial. Its echolocation sound (9-12kHz) is low enough to be heard by humans. It uses vocalizations to communicate with neighbours. An apparent territorial dispute involved vocalization and direct contact. Only in one study had the bat foraging in groups. In most studies the bats forage up to 10 km from their diurnal roost and seem to forage constantly. They fly in elliptical patterns from their roosting sites. A lactating female flew 35.8 km straight from her diurnal roost around 23:00 h to a foraging site, roosted there for part of the night (01.00-03.30 h) and flew back to the cliff day roost. Other bats at the location followed that nightly pattern. This behavior could be a compromise between suitable diurnal roosting sites and foraging sites. Foraging behaviour does not seem affected by the amount of moonlight at night. The bat feeds mainly on grasshoppers and moths; it tears off a moth's wings and only eats the addomen. The low frequency calls limit the bat to catching large flying insects, apparently specializing on large moths that cannot detect echolocation calls of such low frequencies. Insects seem to be caught in the air at a rate of about one every 45 seconds and most recorded foraging behaviour occurs 11 pm-3 am. Natural predators include owls, raccoons and skunks. The mating season is in autumn and females usually produce one young in June or July. The newborn pup weighs 20% of the adult weight and does not have the distinctive color pattern and fully developed ears of the adults. It may fly by July, but lactating females have been caught as late as August. The bat may live up to 20 years in the wild. The biggest threat to the bat is human-caused changes to the environment. Bats may acccumulate pesticides through their diet. Using DDT and other insecticides in the 1960s led to a severe decline in the spotted bat population, but the bat is more common than formerly believed and is listed 'LeastConcern' by the IUCN Red List. It is thought to be one of the rarest bats in North America and a species of special concern. In the 100 years from the time of its discovery to 1990, only 14 individuals were collected in California. Since then the number of locations where spotted bats have been found in that state has tripled. While the distribution is very patchy over this range, the species may be locally common. It occupies a very large range, but is seldom abundant. Conserving diurnal roosts (rocky cliffs with snug cracks for roosting), seems the best way to protect this bat. Large open foraging sights, where their echolocation is most effective, and large moths for prey are important conserving the bat. Compiled using Animal Diversity Web (http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Euderma_maculatum/), Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (https://www.desertmuseum.org/kids/bats/Spotted%20bat.php) and Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_bat) The author for the Animal Diversity Web website was Sofia Hussain and the editor was James Patton, both from the University of California, Berkeley.
Euderma maculatum
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
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- Autors i editors de Wikipedia
Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Catalan; Valencian
)
provided by wikipedia CA
Euderma maculatum és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids. Viu a Canadà, Mèxic i els Estats Units. El seu hàbitat natural són diferents hàbitats, especialment en els boscos àrids o pi Ponderosa i aiguamolls. No hi ha amenaces significatives per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
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Gefleckte Fledermaus
(
German
)
provided by wikipedia DE
Die Gefleckte Fledermaus (Euderma maculatum) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen (Vespertilionidae). Es ist die einzige Art der Gattung Euderma. Sie lebt im westlichen Nordamerika (in British Columbia, den westlichen USA sowie dem nordwestlichen Mexiko).
Beschreibung
Das Fell der Gefleckten Fledermaus ist dunkelbraun bis schwarz, an jeder Schulter und am hinteren Teil des Rumpfes hat sie einen auffälligen weißen Fleck. Auffallend sind die sehr großen, bis zu 50 Millimeter langen, grau gefärbten Ohren. Die Flügel sind ebenfalls grau gefärbt, das Gesicht ist schwarz. Diese Fledermäuse erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 60 bis 77 Millimetern, eine Schwanzlänge von 47 bis 51 Millimetern und ein Gewicht von rund 15 Gramm.
Lebensweise
Gefleckte Fledermäuse sind in einer Reihe von Habitaten zu finden, bevorzugen aber offenes Gelände wie Wüsten und Marschländer. Sie sind Einzelgänger und schlafen üblicherweise allein in Felsspalten, manchmal auch in Gebäuden. Wie die meisten Fledermäuse sind sie nachtaktiv, sie sind die ganze Nacht über auf Nahrungssuche, begeben sich dabei aber nicht sehr weit von ihrem Schlafplatz weg. Die Tiere dürften kein Territorialverhalten kennen, da sich die Reviere der einzelnen Tiere oft großflächig überlappen.
Die Nahrung dieser Fledermäuse besteht vorrangig aus Insekten wie Motten und Kurzfühlerschrecken. Auffallend sind ihre sehr niedrigen Frequenzen (9 bis 12 Kilohertz), die sie zur Echolokation einsetzen.
Fortpflanzung
Über die Fortpflanzung ist wenig bekannt. Das Weibchen bringt meistens im Juni ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Säugende Weibchen wurden bis in den August hinein beobachtet.
Bedrohung
Im Allgemeinen gilt diese Fledermaus als selten und ihr Verbreitungsgebiet ist sehr zerstückelt. Dies dürfte mit ihrem hohen Anspruch an den Schlafplatz in Verbindung stehen. Auch ihr genaues Verbreitungsgebiet ist nicht bekannt, beispielsweise wurde erst in den 1980er-Jahren festgestellt, dass sie auch im südlichen Kanada und in einigen US-Bundesstaaten wie Oregon und Colorado vorkommt, wo sie bis dahin nicht beobachtet wurde. Der genaue Gefährdungsgrad ist nicht bekannt.
Literatur
- Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999 ISBN 0801857899
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Gefleckte Fledermaus: Brief Summary
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German
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provided by wikipedia DE
Die Gefleckte Fledermaus (Euderma maculatum) ist eine Fledermausart aus der Familie der Glattnasen (Vespertilionidae). Es ist die einzige Art der Gattung Euderma. Sie lebt im westlichen Nordamerika (in British Columbia, den westlichen USA sowie dem nordwestlichen Mexiko).
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Spotted bat
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The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) is a species of vesper bat and the only species of the genus Euderma.
Description
The spotted bat was first described by zoologist Joel Asaph Allen from the American Museum of Natural History in 1891. It can reach a length of 12 cm and a wingspan of 35 cm. The weight is about 15 g. It has three distinctive white spots on its black back. With ears that can grow up to 4 cm, it is said to have the largest ears of any bat species in North America.[2] The spotted bat's mating season is in autumn and the females produce their offspring (usually one juvenile) in June or July. Its main diet is grasshoppers and moths.
Habitat
The habitats of the spotted bat are undisturbed roosts on cliffs along the Grand Canyon in Arizona, and open and dense deciduous and coniferous forests, hay fields, deserts, marshes, riparian areas, and dry shrub-steppe grasslands in Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada.
Threats
Use of pesticides such as DDT and other insecticides in the 1960s led to a severe decline in the spotted bat population, but current observations had shown that it is more common than formerly believed. Abundance, population trend, and threats are widely unknown.
See also
References
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Spotted bat: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) is a species of vesper bat and the only species of the genus Euderma.
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Euderma maculatum
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Spanish; Castilian
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Euderma maculatum es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae. Es la única especie del género Euderma.
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Euderma maculatum
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Basque
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Basque
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provided by wikipedia EU
Euderma maculatum Euderma generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Vespertilioninae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
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Oreillard maculé
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French
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Euderma maculatum
L'oreillard maculé (Euderma maculatum) est une chauve-souris de grosseur moyenne, c'est la seule espèce du genre Euderma, de la famille des Vespertilionidae.
Elle a d'immenses oreilles et son dos est noir, maculé de trois taches blanches : une sur la croupe et une sur chaque épaule. Ses ailes ont une envergure de 35 cm et elle peut peser jusqu'à 20 grammes. L'oreillard maculé habite dans les régions contenant des pins Ponderosa et des touffes d'herbes du sud-ouest des États-Unis (Californie, Colorado, Utah). L'espèce aime habiter près d'un cours d'eau et d'une falaise. Les individus sont solitaires.
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Euderma maculatum
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Italian
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Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen, 1891) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi, unica specie del genere Euderma (H. Allen, 1892), diffuso nell'America settentrionale.[1][2]
Descrizione
Dimensioni
Pipistrello di dimensioni, con la lunghezza totale tra 107 e 115 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 48 e 51 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 47 e 50 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 45 e 50 mm e un peso fino a 20 g.[3]
Caratteristiche craniche e dentarie
Il cranio presenta una scatola cranica notevolmente allungata e le arcate zigomatiche robuste. La bolla timpanica è di forma ellittica e alquanto complessa. La regione sopra-orbitale è crestata. Gli incisivi superiori sono piccoli ed allineati. Il primo premolare superiore è ridotto.
Sono caratterizzati dalla seguente formula dentaria:
3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 2 3 Totale: 34
1.Incisivi; 2.Canini; 3.Premolari; 4.Molari; Aspetto
La pelliccia è lunga e soffice. Le parti dorsali sono nere, con due grosse macchie bianche sulle spalle ed una sulla groppa. Le parti ventrali sono bianche, con la base dei peli nerastra. Sulla gola è presente una zona circolare priva completamente di peli. Il muso è privo di ghiandole. Le orecchie sono enormi, rosate, unite alla base da una sottile banda e con circa 15 creste trasversali nella parte interna del padiglione auricolare. Il trago è lungo, largo, con l'estremità smussata ed unito al lobo basale posteriore dell'orecchio. Le membrane alari sono rosate. La coda è lunga ed inclusa completamente nell'uropatagio. Il cariotipo è 2n=30 FNa=52.
Ecolocazione
Emette ultrasuoni a bassa frequenza con picchi fino a 12 kHz, utilizzati per cacciare prede in spazi aperti.
Biologia
Comportamento
Si rifugia tra crepacci e fessure in ammassi rocciosi e scarpate solitariamente od occasionalmente in piccoli gruppi. Utilizza lo stesso rifugio per molto tempo. L'attività predatoria si svolge costantemente durante tutta la notte non più di 10 km dai siti diurni. Probabilmente sono presenti migrazioni stagionali a differenti quote, spostandosi dalle pinete d'alta montagna in giugno e luglio ad altitudini più basse in agosto.
Alimentazione
Si nutre di grossi insetti volanti come le falene.
Riproduzione
Le femmine danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta, il cui peso è circa il 20% del peso materno. Si riproduce nel mese di giugno.
Distribuzione e habitat
Questa specie è diffusa dalla Columbia Britannica sud-orientale, attraverso gli Stati di Washington, Oregon, California orientali, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Nuovo Messico; Montana, Wyoming, Colorado e Texas occidentali fino al Messico centro-settentrionale.
Vive in diversi tipi di habitat, dal deserto ai boschi di montagna, inclusi boschi di ginepro, pinete, foreste di conifere, aree ripariali e pascoli fino a 3.000 metri di altitudine.
Stato di conservazione
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa e la presenza in diverse aree protette, classifica E.maculatum come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Note
-
^ a b c (EN) Arroyo-Cabrales, J. & Ticul Alvarez Castaneda, S. 2008, Euderma maculatum, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
-
^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Euderma maculatum, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
-
^ Watkins, 1977.
Bibliografia
- Larry C.Watkins, Euderma maculatum (PDF), in Mammalian Species, n. 77, 1977 (archiviato dall'url originale il 13 agosto 2012).
- Ronald M. Novak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780801857898
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Italian
)
provided by wikipedia IT
Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen, 1891) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei Vespertilionidi, unica specie del genere Euderma (H. Allen, 1892), diffuso nell'America settentrionale.
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Euderma maculatum
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Dutch; Flemish
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Dutch; Flemish
)
provided by wikipedia NL
Euderma maculatum is een zoogdier uit de familie van de gladneuzen (Vespertilionidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door J.A. Allen in 1891.
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Euderma maculatum
(
Portuguese
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provided by wikipedia PT
Euderma maculatum é um morcego pertencente a família Vespertilionidae. Pode ser encontrada no México, Estados Unidos da América e Canadá. É a única espécie descrita para o gênero Euderma.
Segundo Tuttle (2015), essa espécie alimenta-se quase que exclusivamente de mariposas e estas possuem "ouvidos" -conhecidos por timpana- que são sintonizados na frequência de ecolocalização da maioria dos morcegos (20-60kHz); para driblar esse fato, o E. maculatum usa gritos de caça concentrados próximo aos 10kHz.
Desse modo, ele tem duas vantagens:
- Mariposas só se apercebem dos morcegos quando é tarde demais para tentar qualquer manobra evasiva;
- auxilia na comunicação entre os outros indivíduos, para que a sobreposição territorial seja impedida.
Referências
- SIMMONS, N. B. Order Chiroptera. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 312-529.
- ARROYO-CABRALES, J.; CASTANEDA, T. A. S. 2008. Euderma maculatum. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 27 de dezembro de 2008.
- TUTTLE, M. The secret lives os bats. My adventures with the world's most misunderstood mammals. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Ed. 271p. 2015.
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Portuguese
)
provided by wikipedia PT
Euderma maculatum é um morcego pertencente a família Vespertilionidae. Pode ser encontrada no México, Estados Unidos da América e Canadá. É a única espécie descrita para o gênero Euderma.
Segundo Tuttle (2015), essa espécie alimenta-se quase que exclusivamente de mariposas e estas possuem "ouvidos" -conhecidos por timpana- que são sintonizados na frequência de ecolocalização da maioria dos morcegos (20-60kHz); para driblar esse fato, o E. maculatum usa gritos de caça concentrados próximo aos 10kHz.
Desse modo, ele tem duas vantagens:
Mariposas só se apercebem dos morcegos quando é tarde demais para tentar qualquer manobra evasiva; auxilia na comunicação entre os outros indivíduos, para que a sobreposição territorial seja impedida.
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Euderma maculatum
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Euderma maculatum[2][3][4][5][6] (en: Spotted bat) är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av J. A. Allen 1891. Euderma maculatum ingår i släktet Euderma och familjen läderlappar.[7][8] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[7]
Denna fladdermus når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 60 till 77 mm, en svanslängd av 47 till 51 mm och en vikt vid 15 g. Underarmarna är 44 till 55 mm långa. Pälsen har på ovansidan en mörk rödbrun till svartbrun grundfärg. Det finns två större vita fläckar på axlarna och en stor vit fläck vid svansens rot. På buken har håren vita spetsar. Påfallande är dessutom arten stora öron som kan vara 34 till 50 mm långa.[9]
Euderma maculatum förekommer i västra Nordamerika från Klippiga bergen till delstaterna Washington, Oregon och Kalifornien (USA). Arten når Alberta i Kanada och norra Mexiko. Fladdermusen vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 3000 meter över havet. Den förekommer i olika habitat men den föredrar torra öppna landskap.[1][9]
Individerna vilar i grottor, i mindre bergssprickor och i byggnader. De är aktiva på natten och jagar vanligen ensam efter flygande insekter. Avståndet mellan två jaktrevir är allmänt 750 till 1000 meter. Ibland kan två revir överlappa varandra. Även vid viloplatsen hittas de oftast ensam.[1][9]
Honan föder i juni en unge som väger vid födelsen 20 % av moderns vikt.[1]
Källor
- ^ [a b c d e] 2008 Euderma maculatum Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-10-24.
-
^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
-
^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
-
^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Euderma
-
^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
-
^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
- ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/euderma+maculatum/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
-
^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
- ^ [a b c] Ronald M. Nowak, red (1999). ”Sotted Bat” (på engelska). Walker’s Mammals of the World. The Johns Hopkins University Press. sid. 458-459. ISBN 0-8018-5789-9
Externa länkar
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Swedish
)
provided by wikipedia SV
Euderma maculatum (en: Spotted bat) är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av J. A. Allen 1891. Euderma maculatum ingår i släktet Euderma och familjen läderlappar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Denna fladdermus når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 60 till 77 mm, en svanslängd av 47 till 51 mm och en vikt vid 15 g. Underarmarna är 44 till 55 mm långa. Pälsen har på ovansidan en mörk rödbrun till svartbrun grundfärg. Det finns två större vita fläckar på axlarna och en stor vit fläck vid svansens rot. På buken har håren vita spetsar. Påfallande är dessutom arten stora öron som kan vara 34 till 50 mm långa.
Euderma maculatum förekommer i västra Nordamerika från Klippiga bergen till delstaterna Washington, Oregon och Kalifornien (USA). Arten når Alberta i Kanada och norra Mexiko. Fladdermusen vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 3000 meter över havet. Den förekommer i olika habitat men den föredrar torra öppna landskap.
Individerna vilar i grottor, i mindre bergssprickor och i byggnader. De är aktiva på natten och jagar vanligen ensam efter flygande insekter. Avståndet mellan två jaktrevir är allmänt 750 till 1000 meter. Ibland kan två revir överlappa varandra. Även vid viloplatsen hittas de oftast ensam.
Honan föder i juni en unge som väger vid födelsen 20 % av moderns vikt.
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Euderma maculatum
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Ukrainian
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provided by wikipedia UK
Середовище проживання
Країни проживання: Канада, Мексика, Сполучені Штати Америки. Мешкає в посушливих місцях проживання, лісах, луках, болотах. Спочиває на невеликих тріщинах у скелях і кам'янистих оголеннях. Досягає 3000 м над рівнем моря, і знайдений навіть нижче рівня моря в пустелі Каліфорнії.
Морфологія
Може досягати в довжину 12 см і мати розмах крил 35 см. Вуха довжиною до 4 см. Вага близько 15 гр. Має три примітні білі плями на чорній спині.
Поведінка
Основна їжа: коники і метелики. Самиця народжує одне маля вагою 20% від її ваги тіла як правило, близько червня. Молодь не має плям дорослих.
Джерела
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Euderma maculatum
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Vietnamese
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Euderma maculatum: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamese
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provided by wikipedia VI
Euderma maculatum là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được J. A. Allen mô tả năm 1891.
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花尾蝠屬
(
Chinese
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provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
花尾蝠屬（花尾蝠），哺乳綱、翼手目、蝙蝠科的一屬，而與花尾蝠屬（花尾蝠）同科的動物尚有胼足蝠屬（胼足蝠）、盤蝠屬（粗指盤蝠）、棕蝠屬（夜棕蝠）、蝶蝠屬（銀蝶蝠）等之數種哺乳動物。
花尾蝠屬: Brief Summary
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Chinese
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provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
흰세점박이박쥐
(
Korean
)
provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과
흰세점박이박쥐(Euderma maculatum)는 애기박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 흰세점박이박쥐속(Euderma)의 유일종이다.[2][3]
특징
흰세점박이박쥐는 1891년 미국 자연사 박물관에서 동물학자 알렌(Joel Asaph Allen)가 처음 기술했다. 몸길이는 최대 12cm에 달하며, 날개 폭은 35cm에 이른다. 몸무게는 약 15g이다. 등 뒤에 3개의 흰 점이 특징적이다. 귀는 최대 4cm까지 성장하며, 북아메리카에 서식하는 박쥐 중에서 가장 큰 귀를 갖고 있는 것으로 추정하고 있다.[4] 흰세점박이박쥐의 짝짓기 철은 가을이며, 암컷은 6월 또는 7월에 새끼(보통 한 마리)를 낳는다. 주요 먹이는 메뚜기류와 나방 등이다.
서식지
흰세점박이박쥐의 서식지는 애리조나주의 그랜드 캐니언을 따라서 이어지는 절벽에 방해받지 않는 둥지를 틀며, 앞이 트이고 울창한 낙엽수림 및 침엽수림, 건초지, 사막, 습지, 강변 지역 그리고 애리조나주와 캘리포니아주, 콜로라도주, 오리건주, 유타주 그리고 캐나다 브리티시컬럼비아주의 건조한 관목-스텝 초원 지대이다.
위협
1960년대의 DDT와 같은 농약과 살충제 등의 사용은 흰세점박이박쥐 개체군의 심각한 감소를 초래했지만, 현재 관찰 결과에 의하면 이전에 간주했던 것보다 더 흔하게 발견되고 있다. 종 다양성과 개체수 추이 그리고 위협 요인은 널리 알려져 있지 않다.
계통 분류
다음은 애기박쥐아과의 계통 분류이다.[5]
애기박쥐아과 알렌큰귀박쥐속
토끼박쥐속
바르바스텔레박쥐속
흰세점박이박쥐속
사막긴귀박쥐속
혹코박쥐속
털꼬리박쥐족
노랑박쥐속
흰배박쥐족 알렌노랑박쥐속
아메리카노랑박쥐속
반겔더박쥐속
흰배박쥐속
동부집박쥐속
서부집박쥐속
문둥이박쥐족
할리퀸박쥐속
문둥이박쥐속
저녁박쥐족
저녁박쥐속
나비박쥐속
은색털박쥐속
아리엘룰루스속
아프리카긴귀박쥐속
아프리카문둥이박쥐속
슐리펜박쥐속
아이젠트라우트집박쥐
검은집박쥐속
숲박쥐속
아랫볏박쥐속
대나무박쥐속
애기박쥐족
애기박쥐속
작은집박쥐속
집박쥐속
멧박쥐속
각주
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↑ Arroyo-Cabrales, J. & Ticul Alvarez Castaneda, S. (2008). “Euderma maculatum”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2009.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2010년 2월 7일에 확인함. CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
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↑ David J. Schmidly, William B. Davis: The mammals of Texas University of Texas Press, 2004 ISBN 978-0-292-70241-7
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↑ B. J. Verts, Leslie N. Carraway: Land mammals of Oregon. University of California Press, 1998 ISBN 9780520211995
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↑ “Classify a Chiropteran” (PDF). 2016년 12월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 9월 12일에 확인함.
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↑ Roehrs, Z.P.; Lack, J.B.; Van Den Bussche, R.A. (2010). “Tribal phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data”. 《Journal of Mammalogy》 91 (5): 1073–1092. doi:10.1644/09-MAMM-A-325.1.
Datos: Q301631
Multimedia:
Especies: Euderma maculatum
Wikispecies har information om Euderma maculatum.
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