Chiroptera species on Kangaroo Island include the Yellow-bellied Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris), which species is rather widespread in Australia and also occurs in Papua New Guinea. Australia's largest molossid, the White-striped Free-tail Bat (Tadarida australis) is found on Kangaroo Island. Another bat found on the island is the Southern Forest Bat (Eptesicus regulus), a species endemic to southern Australia (including Tasmania).
The most notable mammal present is the endemic Kangaroo Island Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus), the icon for whom the island was named upon European discovery in 1802. A smaller marsupial present on the island is the Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii). An endemic dasyurid is the Critically Endangered Kangaroo Island Dunnart (Sminthopsis aitkeni), which is found only in the west of the island in Eucalyptus remota/E. cosmophylla open low mallee, E. baxteri low woodland or E. baxteri/E. remota low open woodland. The Common Brush-tailed Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is a widespread folivore native to Australia.
Monotremes are also represented on the island. There is also an introduced population of the Duck-billed Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in the western part of the island in Flinders Chase National Park. The Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) is also found moderately widespread on Kangaroo Island.
Several anuran species are found on Kangaroo island: Brown Tree Frog (Litoria ewingii), Spotted Marsh Frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis), Painted Spadefoot Frog (Neobatrachus pictus), Brown Toadlet (Pseudophryne bibroni) and Brown Froglet (Crinia signifera).
The Heath Monitor (Varanus rosenbergi ) is a lizard that grows up to a metre in length, preying on smaller reptiles, juvenile birds and eggs; it is frequently observed on warmer days basking in the sunlight or scavenging on roadkill. The Black Tiger Snake (Notechis ater) is found on Kangaroo Island. Another reptile particularly associated with this locale is the Kangaroo Island Copperhead (Austrelaps labialis).
The Glossy Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami) is found on the island, especially in the western part, where its preferred food, fruit of the Drooping Sheoak, is abundant. The Kangaroo Island Emu (Dromaius baudinianus) became extinct during the 1820s from over-hunting and habitat destruction due to burning.
Marine mammals that are observed on the island include the Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea) and New Zealand Fur Seal (Arctocephalus forsteri), each species of which is native to Kangaroo Island, and abundant at Admiral's Arch as well as at Seal Bay.
Kangaroo Island is not so adversely impacted by alien species grazers as parts of the mainland. No rabbit species are present on the island, and introduced (but escaped) Domestic Goats (Capra hircus) and pigs (Sus scrofa) have generated only minor issues. However, a Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population introduced to the island in the 1920s has caused significant damage to certain woodland communities, especially to Manna Gum trees.
El ratpenat de cua de beina de panxa groga (Saccolaimus flaviventris) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Austràlia i a Papua Nova Guinea.[1]
El ratpenat de cua de beina de panxa groga (Saccolaimus flaviventris) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels embal·lonúrids que es troba a Austràlia i a Papua Nova Guinea.
The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat[3] (Saccolaimus flaviventris), also known as the yellow-bellied sheathtail or yellow-bellied pouched bat, is a microbat species of the family Emballonuridae found extensively in Australia and less commonly in parts of Papua New Guinea.[4][5]
Although found throughout most parts of Australia, very little is known about its ecology due to the small size, nocturnal activity, and general elusiveness of most microbat species, making them difficult to study.[6][7][8] They are sometimes mistaken for the endangered and less widely distributed bare-rumped sheathtail bat where the two species occur sympatrically, as well as other similar Emballonuridae species, but upon inspection are quite distinct and easily identified[6][9][10]
At present, the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is the only member of the Microchiroptera that has been positively identified as a carrier of Australian bat lyssavirus.[11]
The first description of the species was provided by Wilhelm Peters in 1867,[2] using a specimen that G. R. Waterhouse had proved to John Gould.[12] The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat belongs to the suborder Microchiroptera, or insectivorous microbats, and is the largest Australian member of the family Emballonuridae.[6] The Emballonuridae are distinguished by a partially membrane-enclosed tail that projects into a sheath, hence the descriptive term sheathtail, and is represented by eight known Australian species.[5] Within Australia, the family is divided into two genera: Taphozous and Saccolaimus, the latter of which the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is one of only four known representatives worldwide.[13]
The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is quite large with a mean body weight of 44 g that ranges from 28 to 60 g, and a mean head-body length of 81.8 mm that ranges from 72.3-91.9 mm.[5][8] It has distinct fur colouration, with the dorsal back being a shiny jet black and the ventral underside a contrasting creamy white.[5][6] Males of the species have a distinctive gular throat pouch that is believed to play a role in territorial marking.[6][14][15] The throat pouch is absent in females, which instead have naked folds of skin around their throats.[14] Unlike many other sheathtails, this species does not have a wing pouch in either sex.[5]
Other distinguishing features of the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat are a flattened head and sharply pointed muzzle,[16] a mean forearm length of 74–77 mm,[5][6] and a mean outer canine width of 6.4 mm.[5]
The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat appears to be wide-ranging, occurring across most parts of eastern and northern Australia,[17] though in what densities remains uncertain due to the difficulties associated with capture and detection of the species.[7][8] Much of the distribution understanding of this species has developed as a result of incidental sightings,[18][19] such as one record from central western Queensland that was taken from a mummified bat found on a barbed-wire fence.[20] Though most common throughout the tropical regions of their range,[5] yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats are known to occur regularly in semi-arid environments including the Mallee region of north-western Victoria,[18] Gundabooka National Park in northwestern New South Wales,[19] and central-western Queensland.[20] This species likely migrates into its southerly range during summer, with seasonal records placing bats in most parts of Victoria, southwestern New South Wales, and the adjacent regions of South Australia.[16] Though less common, two specimens of yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats have been found in Papua New Guinea, one in the National Capital District and the other in Central Province.[4][8]
This species occupies most wooded habitats, including both wet and dry sclerophyll forest, mallee and Acacia shrubland, desert, and open woodland.[5][7] They are a hollow-roosting species, so tend to be found in proximity of adequate old-growth trees.[21]
Few studies have been carried out to determine the specific roosting habits of this species.[6] Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats are a cavity-roosting species and are generally reliant on old-growth forest hollows.[21] However, they have been known to opportunistically use abandoned animal burrows and human structures, and roost under dry clay and rock, though generally only solitary bats have been observed to do this.[5][16]
Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats are mostly solitary, occasionally nesting in small, mixed-sex colonies of two to 10 individuals.[5][8] A notable exception to this observation is the Brightview colony, found in southeast Queensland in 1996. The colony was discovered by accident during the felling of an old tree, and consisted of 29 individuals – the largest colony of yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats recorded.[6]
Though no confirmatory studies have been carried out, yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats may be migratory based on local records that show the species occurring only at specific times of year.[7][8] Though specific seasonal movements are unknown, observations have suggested migratory movements to the cooler southern Australian ranges during the summer.[5][16] The possibility of seasonal migration is supported by studies of long, narrow wing shape in the species that appears suited to migration[6] and the seasonal appearance of apparently exhausted bats in Victoria and South Australia.[5][6]
Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats are canopy feeders, meaning that they are capable of fast flight, but inefficient at rapid maneuvering. They generally feed at heights of 20–25 m, unless feeding in open spaces or at forest edges, where they forage lower.[5][6][16] Studies of stomach contents have found Orthoptera (grasshopper), Coleoptera (beetle), and Hemiptera (true bug) species, with beetles making up the bulk of the diet.[22][23]
Breeding receptivity in the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat begins in August when the right uterine horn increases in diameter, achieving maximum size in November.[14] A single offspring is produced between December and March, with mammary glands regressing by the end of May.[6][14]
Yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bats have a distinctive flight behaviour characterised by a fast, straight-line flight path with slow wing beats.[7] This distinctive flight pattern combined with the light-coloured fur of the ventral underside make the species easy to identify in flight.[6] The long, narrow wing shape and large body mass of the species allow for rapid flight with low maneuverability, making it best suited to canopy level and open-space flight.[6][7]
The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is a nocturnal species that appears to be most active at least one hour after dark, but only maintains this activity briefly for a few hours.[6] Many Emballonuridae species have been shown to conserve energy through prolonged states of torpor.[24]
Like all microbats, the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat communicates using echolocation, with only some sounds audible to the range of human hearing. Observational recordings have shown specific sequences of sounds to be associated with different behaviours, such as foraging, prey acquisition, and territoriality.[6] This species has been observed engaging in intraspecific aerial displays of aggression.[5][6]
Though infrequently encountered, the conservation status of the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is categorised as of least concern, because the species is both widespread and versatile in its habitat selection, thus is considered unlikely to decline rapidly.[25] Conservation status at the state level is more cautious, most likely due to insufficient population data. In NSW, the species is listed as vulnerable under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995,[16] in South Australia as rare under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972,[26] and in Victoria as threatened under the provisions of Part 3 of the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988.[27]
The main threats to conservation of the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat are habitat loss, particularly of old-growth trees, disturbance to roosting sites, and prey depletion or secondary poisoning as a result of pesticides and herbicides.[16][17]
The yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris), also known as the yellow-bellied sheathtail or yellow-bellied pouched bat, is a microbat species of the family Emballonuridae found extensively in Australia and less commonly in parts of Papua New Guinea.
Although found throughout most parts of Australia, very little is known about its ecology due to the small size, nocturnal activity, and general elusiveness of most microbat species, making them difficult to study. They are sometimes mistaken for the endangered and less widely distributed bare-rumped sheathtail bat where the two species occur sympatrically, as well as other similar Emballonuridae species, but upon inspection are quite distinct and easily identified
At present, the yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat is the only member of the Microchiroptera that has been positively identified as a carrier of Australian bat lyssavirus.
Saccolaimus flaviventris Saccolaimus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago
Saccolaimus flaviventris Saccolaimus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Taphozoinae azpifamilia eta Emballonuridae familian sailkatuta dago
Saccolaimus flaviventris (Peters, 1867) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso in Australia e Nuova Guinea.[1][2]
Pipistrello di grandi dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 72 e 92 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 66 e 82 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 25 e 35 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 14 e 17 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 17 e 23 mm e un peso fino a 60 g.[3]
La pelliccia è corta e lucida. Le parti dorsali sono nerastre, mentre le parti ventrali sono bianche o color crema. La testa è relativamente piatta e triangolare, il muso è conico, cosparso di pochi peli, con una prominente sacca golare con l'apertura anteriore e una ghiandola sottocutanea nei maschi, mentre nelle femmine è ridotta ad una piega rudimentale. Gli occhi sono relativamente grandi e con l'iride marrone scura. Le orecchie sono triangolari con la punta arrotondata, rivolte all'indietro, separate tra loro e con diverse pieghe sulla superficie interna del padiglione auricolare. Il trago è corto, largo e con l'estremità semi-circolare. L'antitrago è poco sviluppato. Le membrane alari sono nere, lunghe, strette ed ispessite. Sono privi delle sacche alari davanti al gomito. La coda è lunga e fuoriesce dall'uropatagio a circa metà della sua lunghezza. Il calcar è lungo.
Si rifugia singolarmente od in piccoli gruppi nelle cavità degli alberi, mentre in zone disboscate è stato osservato in tane di altri animali. Probabilmente effettua migrazioni nella parte sud-orientale del suo areale.
Si nutre di insetti.
Danno alla luce un piccolo tra dicembre e marzo.
Questa specie è diffusa in gran parte dell'Australia, eccetto le zone sud-occidentali, e nella Provincia Centrale e Port Moresby in Papua Nuova Guinea.
Vive in diversi tipi di habitat incluse le foreste di Eucalipto e le zone aperte. Nelle zone aride e semi-aride è più frequente in ambienti ripariali o nelle mangrovie.
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la tolleranza a diversi tipi di habitat e la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa, classifica S.flaviventris come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Saccolaimus flaviventris (Peters, 1867) è un pipistrello della famiglia degli Emballonuridi diffuso in Australia e Nuova Guinea.
Saccolaimus flaviventris is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Saccolaimus die voorkomt in Australië en Nieuw-Guinea. In Australië komt de soort algemeen voor in het noorden, maar in de herfst wordt hij af en toe ook in het zuiden gevonden. Er is slechts één Nieuw-Guinees exemplaar bekend; dat is gevangen in de buurt van Port Moresby.
Deze vleermuis heeft een zwarte rug en een witte buik. De huid van het gezicht is naakt en zwart. Het dier heeft een plat hoofd met een lange bek, lange oren en lange, smalle vleugels. In Australië bedraagt de kop-romplengte 72 tot 92 mm, de voorarmlengte 66 tot 82 mm, de oorlengte 17 tot 23 mm en het gewicht 30 tot 60 g. Het Nieuw-Guinese exemplaar heeft een kop-romplengte van 82 mm, een staartlengte van 35 mm, een voorarmlengte van 76 mm, een tibialengte van 32,2 mm, een achtervoetlengte van 17 mm en een oorlengte van 19 mm.
S. flaviventris is een snelle, wendbare vlieger. Hij voedt zich met insecten, die boven de vegetatie gevangen worden. Het dier roest alleen of in kleine groepen in holle bomen. Als er geen bomen zijn, gebruikt hij soms holen van op de grond levende zoogdieren. Er wordt elk jaar slechts één jong geboren; dat komt tussen december en maart ter wereld. Hun roep is voor sommige mensen hoorbaar als een snel, hoog "ting-ting-ting"-geluid.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesSaccolaimus flaviventris é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Austrália e Papua-Nova Guiné.
Saccolaimus flaviventris é uma espécie de morcego da família Emballonuridae. Pode ser encontrada na Austrália e Papua-Nova Guiné.
Saccolaimus flaviventris[2][3][4] är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Peters 1867. Saccolaimus flaviventris ingår i släktet Saccolaimus och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.[5]
Arten är med svans upp till 87 mm lång. Den kännetecknas på ryggen och på huvudets topp av svart päls och undersidan är täckt av vit- till gulaktig päls. Den ljusa pälsen kan nå upp till axlarna och till öronens baksida. Hos Saccolaimus flaviventris förekommer smala vingar, ett avplattat huvud och en något spetsig nos. Ett säckformigt organ finns på hannarnas strupe och honor har ett naket område på strupen.[7]
Denna fladdermus förekommer i stora delar av Australien. Den saknas i kontinentens sydvästra del. Habitatet varierar mellan skogar och öppna regioner. I torra områden vistas den främst i oaser. Individerna vilar ensam eller som grupp i trädens håligheter.[1]
Arten jagar olika insekter och flyger ovanför skogen eller över öppna landskap. Mellan december och mars föder honor en unge per kull.[7] Saccolaimus flaviventris jagar med hjälp av ekolokalisering och ljudens frekvens ligger oftast mellan 15 och 24 kHz. Frekvensens variation kan ligga mellan 9 och 33 kHz.[8]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Saccolaimus flaviventris.
Wikispecies har information om Saccolaimus flaviventris.
Saccolaimus flaviventris är en fladdermusart som beskrevs av Peters 1867. Saccolaimus flaviventris ingår i släktet Saccolaimus och familjen frisvansade fladdermöss. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.
Arten är med svans upp till 87 mm lång. Den kännetecknas på ryggen och på huvudets topp av svart päls och undersidan är täckt av vit- till gulaktig päls. Den ljusa pälsen kan nå upp till axlarna och till öronens baksida. Hos Saccolaimus flaviventris förekommer smala vingar, ett avplattat huvud och en något spetsig nos. Ett säckformigt organ finns på hannarnas strupe och honor har ett naket område på strupen.
Denna fladdermus förekommer i stora delar av Australien. Den saknas i kontinentens sydvästra del. Habitatet varierar mellan skogar och öppna regioner. I torra områden vistas den främst i oaser. Individerna vilar ensam eller som grupp i trädens håligheter.
Arten jagar olika insekter och flyger ovanför skogen eller över öppna landskap. Mellan december och mars föder honor en unge per kull. Saccolaimus flaviventris jagar med hjälp av ekolokalisering och ljudens frekvens ligger oftast mellan 15 och 24 kHz. Frekvensens variation kan ligga mellan 9 och 33 kHz.
Країни поширення: Австралія, Папуа Нова Гвінея. Знаходиться в найрізноманітніших місцях проживання, в тому числі евкаліптових лісах і відкритих місцевостях.
Лаштує сідала в дуплах дерев, як правило, поодиноко, але можуть бути знайдені невеликі колонії.
Цей вид зустрічається в багатьох охоронних територіях.
Saccolaimus flaviventris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1866.[1]
Saccolaimus flaviventris là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi bao, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Peters mô tả năm 1866.
노랑배주머니박쥐 또는 노랑배대꼬리박쥐[2](Saccolaimus flaviventris)는 대꼬리박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 오스트레일리아에서 배타적으로 발견되며, 파푸아뉴기니 일부 지역에서는 덜 흔하다.[3][4] 오스트레일리아 대부분의 지역에서 널리 발견되지만, 작은 크기와 야행성 활동 그리고 연구하기가 어려울 정도로 대부분의 작은박쥐류 종들의 눈에 잘 띄지 않는 성질때문에 노랑배주머니박쥐의 생태에 대해서는 극히 일부만이 알려져 있다.[5][6][7]
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