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image of Gentiana puberulenta PRAIRIE GENTIAN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - several specimens at mid-bloom
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Sallent de Gllego: Aragn (Espaa)El Pirineo.Distribucin: Buena parte de Europa, casi ausente o muy rara en el NW. Repartida por el eje pirenaico-cantbrico, ms otras montaas de su entorno y, puntualmente, el Sistema Central. En Aragn exclusiva del Alto Pirineo, desde Ans hasta Castanesa; escasea al W del Portalet, alcanzando al S Pea Forca en Hecho, la solana de Collarada y el Cotiella.Hbitat: En megaforbios umbrosos, pastos de montaa con materia orgnica, casi siempre a orillas de regatas y entre bloques rocosos y dolinas.Preferencia edfica: Indiferente. En suelos ricos en bases y en elementos nutritivos, con pH neutro a ligeramente cido.Rango altitudinal: ( 1550 ) 1700- 2500 ( 2680 ) m Floracin: Julio - AgostoFructificacin: Agosto - Septiembre Forma Biolgica: Gefito rizomatosoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Sallent de Gllego: Aragn (Espaa)Familia: GENTIANACEAESinnimos: Gentiana delphinensis; Gentiana pumila; Gentiana verna var. willkommiana.Distribucin: Orfito euroasitico, extendido en Europa sobre todo por los sistemas montaosos del C y S, con localidades aisladas en el extremo septentrional y las Islas Britnicas. En la Pennsula Ibrica se distribuye por los Pirineos, Montes Cantbricos y Sierra Nevada.En Aragn se extiende por el Alto Pirineo y los montes del Prepirineo.Hbitat: Pastos supraforestales, densos o pedregosos, cresteros y base de cantiles; ms raramente desciende a los claros del pinar de pino negro o silvestre.Preferencia edfica: Basfila Calccola. Rango altitudinal:( 950 ) 1300- 2950 ( 3050 ) mFloracin: ( Mayo ) Junio - Julio ( Agosto )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito rosuladoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Qazbegis Raioni, Georgia
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Gentiana clusii Perr. & Song., syn.: Gentiana clusii ssp.undulatifoliaTrumpet Gentian, DE: Clusius' Enzian, Kalk-Glocken-EnzianSlo.: Cluzijev sviDat.: July 2. 2014Lat.: 46.43901 Long.: 13.64296Code: Bot_807/2014-DSC1435Habitat: alpine grassland, south inclined moderate mountain slope, calcareous, skeletal, shallow ground; sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C,elevation 1.985 m (6.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: skeletal calcareous soil.Place: Mt. Mangart's flats, somewhat below the beginning of terminal loop of Mt. Mangart alpine road, west of the top of Mt. Mangart, 2.679 m (8.790 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Gentiana clusii is probably the second on list of the best known and most popular alpine flowers not much left 'behind' Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum). Pictures of its beautiful and large (particularly compared to the leaves!) flowers have been used on countless products, from chocolates to toilet tissues, adds, signs, logos, etc., etc. Hundreds of millions of people have seen it printed, stylized, projected, but much less have had a real encounter with this mountain miracle.Gentiana clusii is a common species in Slovenian Alps growing from lower montane elevations (the lowest stand I know in my region is at good 500 m elevation) up to alpine zone. It inhabits almost whole Alps and all surrounding mountain groups, but it stays on European ground.Although I have seen and photographed Gentiana clusii many times, this group was extraordinary beautiful and magnanimous. About forty densely packed large flowers were there growing in three close groups, almost all of them in perfect shape. A true delight for everybody and particularly for a photographer. Another 'king of the Alps'! Genus name of Gentiana clusii origins from Latin name of its brother Gentiana lutea, a highly efficient medical plant (also my personal experience), which Plinius named after the last Illyria king of Skodra about a century BC. The white flowers shown on some of the pictures are Dryas octopetala and Aster bellidiastrum. Salix herbacea, Miosotis alpestris and Helianthemum nummularium can also be spotted.Protected according to 'Uredba o zavarovanih prosto iveih rastlinskih vrstah'Ur.l. RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation on protected wild plants, Official gazette of Republic of Slovenia, No. 46/2004). Gentiana clusii is enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species. It was marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species, but is now re-categorized to mark "O1" representing a potentially endangered species.Ref.:(1) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 16.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovene), p 508. (3) M.A.Fischer, W.Adler, K.Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 694.(4) H.Genaust, Etymologisches Wrterbuch der Botanischen Pflanzennamen, Nikol Verlag (2012), p264.
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Gentiana verna L. GentianaceaeComaoriola (La Tosa dAlp), Das, Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya29-VI-10Prado mesfilo (1972 m)
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Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra (Murb.) Hayek, syn.: Gentiana symphyandra Murb.Great Yellow Gentian, Bitter Root, Bitterwort, DE: Verwachsenstaubblttriger EnzianSlo.: bratinski koutnik, zraslopranini rumeni sviDat.: June 20. 2006Lat.: 45.45977 Long.: 14.01204Code: Bot_137/2006_DSC2086Picture file names: from Gentiana lutea-ssp-symphyandra_raw_30 to Gentiana lutea-ssp-symphyandra_raw_35.Habitat: Dry grassland, former pasture, slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect, open, warm and dry place; calcareous ground, limestone; elevation 980 m (3.200 feet), average precipitations ~ 1.500-1.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical regionSubstratum: soil.Place: Northwest of the top of Mt. bevnica, 1014 m (3.327 feet), iarija Mountains, Croatia EC. Comment: Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra is a magnificent plant up to 1.5 m tall. It is an old and very powerful medicinal herb recognized by science too and included in pharmacopeia of many nations. About 6.000 tons of its roots are used in the pharma industry in Europe every year (Ref.4). Since the plant is quite rare, endangered and protected by law, most, if not completely, of it comes from plantations. To my personal experience this is the most effective and almost immediately helping remedy for stomach problems (lack of digesting juices). It is the most bitter plant (roots) I've ever tasted.In Slovenia another relative of it - Gentiana lutea ssp. vardjanii Wraber - is also growing. Both plants are similar from far. But they can be easily distinguished by a small flower detail. In Gentiana lutea ssp. vardjanii the stamens are free, while Gentiana lutea ssp. symphyandra has grown together stamens. The last one also has small brown dots on its petals (see picture 33).Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroenih rastlinskih in ivalskih vrst v rdei seznam, Uradni list RS, t. 82/2002 (Regulation of enlisting of endangered plant and animal species onto Red List, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 82/2002) (2002).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "V" representing a vulnerable species.Ref.:(1) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 508. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 10.(3) A. Kuar in D. Barievi, Cultivation Trials of Yellow Gentian (Gentiana lutea L. subsp. symphyandra Murb.) in West Part of Slovenia (in Slovene), Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 87 - 2, (2006), pp 213 224; available at:
aas.bf.uni-lj.si/september2006/03kusar.pdf
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Copenhagen, Hovedstaden, Denmark
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Gentiana pannonicaSlo.: panonski sviDate: July 24. 2009Lat.: 46.17656 Long.: 13.96875Code: Bot_366/2009-1550Habitat: Upland grassland, open ridge, full sun, precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 1.460 m (4.800 feet), prealpine phytogeographical region.Place: West ridge of Mt. Porezen, 1.630 m (5.348 feet), north of Cerkno, Idrijsko, Slovenia EC Comment: Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by "O1" representing a potentially endangered species.
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Gentiana nivalisAlpine GentianSlo.:sneni sviDat.: Aug. 05. 2013Lat.: 46.44299 Long.: 13.64556Code: Bot_739/2013_DSC7405andDat.: Aug. 22. 2013Lat.: 46.44187 Long.: 13.64443Code: Bot_745/2013_DSC7575Habitat: Upland grass land, among large calcareous boulders, modestly eastward inclined terrain, full sun, exposed to precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1-3 deg C, elevation 1.970 m (6.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangarts flats, west of the largest snow valley on Mangarts flats, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Growing solitary, several scattered plants found. This is one of our most tendedhigh-mountainsGentian, which can climb in the Alps nearly up to 3.000 m (10.000 feet) elevation. The plant is widely distributed but not common. It is under law protection in neighboring Austria, but not in Slovenia. Snow Gentian is usualy about 5 to 15 cm (2-6 inch) high, but sometimes dwarf plants can be found as shown on the photo #14. This plant was only about 2.5 cm (one inch) tall.Ref.:(1)O.Angerer and T. Muer, Alpenpflanzen, Ulmer, Stuttgart(2004), p257(2) M.A.Fischer, W.Adler, K.Oswald, ExkursionsfloraOesterreich Liechtenstein, Suedtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 693.(3) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 509. (4) K.Lauber and G.Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 1417.
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Gentiana utriculosa L.Bladder Gentian, DE: Schlauch-Enzian, Aufgeblasene EnzianSlo.: trebuasti sviDat.: June 10. 2008Lat.: 45.94582 Long.: 14.14293Code: Bot_270/2008_DSC9372Habitat: grassland among mixed wood patches, flat terrain; moist, calcareous ground; half sunny; humid place; elevation 570 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 2.400 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, borderline between prealpine and Dinaric phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: ejna dolina valley, next to the local road from village Hotedrica, Notranska, Slovenia EC. Comment: Gentiana utriculosa is easy to recognize among numerous other species of this large genus. Its deep blue flowers have a distinct trait, which separates it from all other species of this genus growing in Slovenia. This is its characteristic inflated calyx (collective term for all the sepals) with very prominent 'wings' on its edges. The 'wings' can be up to 4 mm wide. The calyx is as long as the corolla tube and very wide. Gentiana utriculosa can be found scattered in all parts of Slovenia (except in its northeast part) and in many parts of Alpine belt (but not in all), Dinaric and Balkan mountains, Apennines and Carpathians from lowland to subalpine elevations.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 693.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p xx. (3) K. Lauber and G.Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 750.(4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 24.
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Sallent de Gllego. Aragn (Espaa)Familia: GENTIANACEAESinnimos: Gentiana acaulis L. alpina (Vill.) O. Bols & Vigo Distribucin: Orfito del C y S de Europa. En la Pennsula Ibrica se restringe a los Pirineos, desde Gerona hasta Huesca, ms un ncleo disyunto en Sierra Nevada. En Aragn se distribuye por el Alto Pirineo, desde la cabecera del ro Noguera Ribagorzana hasta el valle de Tena; por el S desciende aisladamente hasta Cotiella y el Turbn.Hbitat: Pastos sobre terrenos silceos ms o menos profundos; resiste bien la innivacin prolongada y puede colonizar ocasionalmente suelos higroturbosos.Preferencia edfica: Acidfila Rango altitudinal: ( 1800 ) 2000- 3150 ( 3220 ) mFloracin; ( Abril ) Mayo - Julio ( Agosto )Forma Biolgica: Hemicriptfito rosuladoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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Val de Azun Hautes Pyrénées
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Gentiana orbicularis Schur, syn.: Gentiana favratii Rittener, Gentiana verna L. var. favratii Rittener, Gentiana brachyphylla subsp. favratii (Rittener) Tutin, Calathiana orbicularis (Schur) HolubFamily: Gentianaceae Juss.EN: name not found, DE: Rundblatt-Enzian, Rundblttrige EnzianSlo.: okroglolistni sviDat.: Oct. 16. 2019Lat.: 46.439649 Long.: 13.641108Code: Bot_1263/2019_DSC01517Habitat: on steep, stony, patchy grassland among rocks; calcareous ground; full sun, south aspect; elevation 1.940 m (6.365 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0 - 2 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Mangart's flats, above the mountain hut but below the terminal loop of the Mangart's tool road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Gentiana orbicularis is a tiny, hardly taller than 5 cm, and very beautiful plant growing only at high elevations from subalpine to subnival level. It seems to be among the rarest of the 16 Slovenian taxa of the genus Gentiana. It is protected in several countries including Austria and Germany. I was quite surprised, when I found several plants in bloom so late in the year.Ref.:(1) Personal communication (Conf.) with Dr. Igor Dakskobler, Scientific Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts(2) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 695.(3) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 509. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 20.
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close up image of Gentiana puberulenta PRAIRIE GENTIAN at the James Woodworth Prairie Preserve - a flower head at mid-bloom
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Sallent de Gllego: Aragn (Espaa)El Pirineo.Distribucin: Buena parte de Europa, casi ausente o muy rara en el NW. Repartida por el eje pirenaico-cantbrico, ms otras montaas de su entorno y, puntualmente, el Sistema Central. En Aragn exclusiva del Alto Pirineo, desde Ans hasta Castanesa; escasea al W del Portalet, alcanzando al S Pea Forca en Hecho, la solana de Collarada y el Cotiella.Hbitat: En megaforbios umbrosos, pastos de montaa con materia orgnica, casi siempre a orillas de regatas y entre bloques rocosos y dolinas.Preferencia edfica: Indiferente. En suelos ricos en bases y en elementos nutritivos, con pH neutro a ligeramente cido.Rango altitudinal: ( 1550 ) 1700- 2500 ( 2680 ) m Floracin: Julio - AgostoFructificacin: Agosto - Septiembre Forma Biolgica: Gefito rizomatosoExtractado del Atlas de la Flora de Aragn (Herbario de Jaca)
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