Comments
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Tanacetum parthenium is widely cultivated throughout North America.
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Description
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Perennials, (20–)30–60(–80) cm. Stems 1–3+ (ridged), erect, branched (usually glabrous proximally, puberulent distally). Leaves mainly cauline; petiolate; blades ovate to rounded-deltate, 4–10+ × 1.5–4 cm, usually 1–2-pinnately lobed (primary lobes 3–5+ pairs, ± ovate), ultimate margins pinnatifid to dentate, faces (at least abaxial) usually puberulent, gland-dotted. Heads 5–20(–30) in corymbiform arrays. Involucres 5–7 mm diam. Ray florets 10–21+ (more in "doubles"), pistillate, fertile; corollas white, laminae 2–8(–12) mm. Disc corollas ca. 2 mm. Cypselae ± columnar, 1–2 mm, 5–10-ribbed; pappi 0 or coroniform, 0.1–0.2+ mm. 2n = 18.
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Description
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Perennial or annual, pungent aromatic herbs, with many, ± puberulous, striate-angled, erect, 20 – 60 (-80) cm tall, densely leafy stems from ± woody rootstock with fibrous roots. Leaves radical or cauline, punctate glandular on both sides, usually yellowish-green, on slender, canaliculate, 2.5 – 8 cm long petioles, laminas ovate-oblong, 2 – 7 (-8) cm long, 1.5 – 5 cm broad, 1-2-pinnatisect to pinnatipartite into obtuse or subacute ultimate segments, the upper leaves reduced gradually in size, on shot petioles or sessile, glabrous or sparsely to moderately pubescent. Capitula radiate, heterogamous, few to several, upto 20 (-30) on 2 –3.5 cm long peduncles, in terminal dense corymbs borne on 2 – 13 (-15) cm long floral axis. Involucre hemispherical, 2-3-seriate, phyllaries imbricate, outer lanceolate, c. 1.5 mm long, inner oblong-oblanceolate, 3 – 4 (-5) mm long, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, finely scarious and shortly lacerate at the apices. Receptacle convex or occasionally flat. Ray-florets 5-12, female, with oblong, 5 – 6 x 2 – 3 mm, obtusely 3-lobed, white ligules. Disc-florets yellow, with tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed, 2.5 – 3 mm long corolla tube. Cypselas oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long, grayish-brown, with 6 – 8 white ribs and sessile glands, flattish. Pappus coroniform, irregularly lobed, or rarely evenly lobed, 0.1 – 0.5 mm long.
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Distribution
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Distribution: N Africa, SE and E Europe, SW Asia from Turkey to Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Baluchistan, N.W.F. Province); Kashmir and Central Asia; also widely naturalized in many countries.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: July-September.
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Habitat
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Waste places, banks of streams, sometimes in forest shade or on rock edges, from sea level to 2500 m.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Matricaria parthenium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753; Chrysanthemum parthenium (Linnaeus) Bernhardi
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Matricaria parthenium L., Sp. Pl. 890. 1753; Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf. 145 (1800); A. B. Jackson in Kew Bull. 1937:393. 1937; R. R. Stewart, l. c. 732; Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) Sm., Fl. Brit. 2: 900. 1800; Boiss., Fl. Or. 3: 344. 1975; Post, Fl. Pal. ed. 2, 2:62. 1933; Tzvelev in Schischk. & Bobrov, Fl. USSR 26. 195. 2000. (Engl. transl.).
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Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Matricaria parthenium L. vSp. PI. 800. 1753
Matricaria odorata l^atB. Fl. Ft. 2: 135. 1778.
Matricaria latifolia Gilib. F!. Lithuan. 220. 1782.
Matricaria florida Salisb. Prodr. 20.^. 1796.
Chrysanthemum Parthenium Bernh. Svst. Verz. Krfurt 145. 1800.
Pyrethrum Parthenium Smith. F!. Brit. 900. 1800.
Matricaria vulgaris S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 454. 1821.
Tanacetuni Parthenium Schultz-Bip. Tanac. 55. 1844.
Leucanlhemum Parthenium Gren. & Godr. Fl. Fr. 2: 145. 1850.
Dendranthema Parthenium Des Moul. Act. Soe. Linn. Bordeaux 20: 516. 1859.
Leucanthemum odoraluin Dulac, Fl. Hautcs-Pyr. 504. 1867.
A perennial herb, with a taproot; stem erect, 3-6 dm. high, pubenUent or glabrate below, striate; leaves petioled, 4-10 cm. long, finely pilose, pirmatifid; primary divisions 3-5, obovate or the terminal one rhombic in outline, usually deeply cleft into crenate-dentate divisions; heads several or many, corymbose-paniculate; peduncles 2-7 cm. long; involucre saucershaped, 2 mm. high, 7-10 mm. broad; bracts many, in 2-3 series, only slightly imbricate, the outer lance-linear, acute, the inner linear-oblong, obtuse, with erose scarious tips; receptacle strongly convex, tubercled; ray-flowers 12-20; ligules linear or oblong, white, 5-8 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide; style-branches oblong, obtuse; disk-coroUas yellow, 2 mm. long, cylindrocampanulate, with 5 short erect lobes and thickened tube; style-branches short, truncate, penicillate; achenes 1.5 mm. long, S-10-ribbed, glabrous; pappus of a short dentate crown.
Type locality: Europe.
Distribution: Escaped from cultivation, adventive or naturalized from New Brunswick to New Jersey and Ohio, and from California to Washington; West Indies; Mexico and Central America; native of Europe.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1916. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; TAGETEAE, ANTHEMIDEAE. North American flora. vol 34(3). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Tanacetum parthenium
provided by wikipedia EN
Tanacetum parthenium, known as feverfew,[1] is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It may be grown as an ornament, and may be identified by its synonyms, Chrysanthemum parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.
Description
The plant is a herbaceous perennial that grows into a small bush,[2] up to 70 cm (28 in) high, with pungently-scented leaves. The leaves are light yellowish green, variously pinnatifid. The conspicuous daisy-like flowers are up to 20 millimetres (3⁄4 in) across, borne in lax corymbs. The outer, ray florets have white ligules and the inner, disc florets are yellow and tubular. It spreads rapidly by seed, and will cover a wide area after a few years.[3][4]
Distribution and cultivation
Feverfew is native to Eurasia, specifically the Balkan Peninsula, Anatolia, and the Caucasus, but cultivation has spread it around the world and the rest of Europe, North America, and Chile.[2][5]
A perennial herb, it should be planted in full sun, 38 to 46 cm (15–18 in) apart, and cut back to the ground in the autumn. It grows up to 70 cm (28 in) tall. It is hardy to USDA zone 5 (−30 °C (−22 °F)). Outside of its native range, it may become an invasive weed.[6]
Uses
Traditional medicine
In traditional medicine, feverfew has been used to treat headache, but there is no confirmed scientific evidence that it has such an effect.[2][7][8] Feverfew contains parthenolide, which is under basic research to assess its properties on cancer.[8] Feverfew is registered as a traditional herbal medicine in the Nordic countries under the brand name Glitinum. Only powdered feverfew is approved in the European Union herbal monograph.[9]
Dietary supplement
The parthenolide content of commercially available feverfew supplements varies substantially (by more than 40-fold) despite labeling claims of "standardization".[10]
Adverse effects
Long-term use of feverfew followed by abrupt discontinuation may induce a withdrawal syndrome featuring rebound headaches and muscle and joint pains.[8] Feverfew may cause allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis.[8] Other side effects have included gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence.[8] When the herb is chewed or taken orally it may cause mouth ulcers and swelling and numbness of the mouth.[8] Feverfew should not be taken by pregnant women.[8] It may interact with blood thinners and increase the risk of bleeding, and also may interact with a variety of medications metabolized by the liver.[8]
History and etymology
The word feverfew derives from the Latin word febrifugia, meaning 'fever reducer',[11] although it no longer is considered useful for that purpose.
Although its earliest medicinal use is unknown, it was documented in the 1st century CE as an anti-inflammatory by the Greek herbalist physician Dioscorides.[12]
References
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^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tanacetum parthenium". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
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^ a b c National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. "Feverfew". Retrieved 1 December 2020.
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^ Parnell, J. and Curtis. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
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^ Clapham, A.R, Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
-
^ Jeffrey C (2001). "Tanacetum parthenium". Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops.
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^ Hadjikyriakou, G.; Hadjisterkotis, E. (2002). "The adventive plants of Cyprus with new records of invasive species". Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 48 (S1): 59–71. doi:10.1007/bf02192393. ISSN 0044-2887. S2CID 42896188.
-
^ Pittler MH, Ernst E (2004). Pittler MH (ed.). "Feverfew for preventing migraine". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD002286. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002286.pub2. PMID 14973986.
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^ a b c d e f g h "Feverfew". Drugs.com. 10 December 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
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^ "Tanaceti parthenii herba". European Medicines Agency. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
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^ Draves AH, Walker SE (2004). "Parthenolide content of Canadian commercial feverfew preparations: Label claims are misleading in most cases" (PDF). Canadian Pharmacists Journal. 136 (10): 23–30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-20.
-
^ "Feverfew". University of Maryland. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
-
^ "Agricultural (Herbs and Spices): Feverfew Information". Government of Saskatchewan. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
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Tanacetum parthenium: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Tanacetum parthenium, known as feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It may be grown as an ornament, and may be identified by its synonyms, Chrysanthemum parthenium and Pyrethrum parthenium.
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