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Selkirk's Violet

Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie

Description

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Herbs perennial, acaulescent and without stolon, 5-16 cm tall. Rhizome cordlike, occasionally separated, producing vegetative clones. Leaves basal, usually numerous, rosulate; stipules greenish, ca. 1/2 adnate to petiole, free part lanceolate, margin remotely glandular denticulate, base narrowly and deeply cordate, margin obtusely dentate, apex ± acute or obtuse; petiole 2-7 cm, to 13 cm in fruit, narrowly winged, sparsely white puberulous or glabrous; leaf blade ovate-cordate or slightly reniform, 1-5 × 1-3.5 cm at anthesis, ca. 6 × 4 cm at fruiting, thinly papery, strigose on the upper surface, glabrous or occasionally pubescent below; blades with narrow, deep sinus and lobes touching or slightly overlapping. Flowers long pedicellate, pedicels 4-7 cm, slightly or not exceeding leaves, glabrous, usually 2-bracteolate at middle; bracteoles linear, 5-7 mm, margin remotely denticulate. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, 6-7 mm, margin narrowly membranous, 3-veined, apex acute, basal auricles oblong, ca. 2 mm, apex irregularly emarginate and sparsely ciliate. Petals light blue, purple or white, obovate, all beardless, anterior one 1.5-2 cm (spur included); spur 5-7 mm, 2-3 mm in diam., apex rounded, straight or slightly curved upward. Ovary glabrous; styles clavate, base slightly geniculate forward, conspicuously thickened in upper part; stigmas flat at top, narrowly margined on lateral sides, shortly beaked in front, beak with an upward stigma hole at tip. Capsule ellipsoid, small, 6-8 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse. Seeds numerous, brownish, ovoid-globose, ca. 2 mm, ca. 1.1 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12, 24.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 13: 77, 102 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, N Shaanxi [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; Europe, North America].
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 13: 77, 102 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Habitat

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Mixed needle-leaved and broad-leaved forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, thickets, stream valleys; 400-1500 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 13: 77, 102 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Viola selkirkii var. albiflora Nakai; V. selkirkii var. angustistipulata W. Becker; V. selkirkii var. brevicalcarata W. Becker; V. selkirkii var. subbarbata W. Becker; V. selkirkii var. variegata Nakai.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 13: 77, 102 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Viola selkirkii

provided by wikipedia EN

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viola selkirkii.

Viola selkirkii is a species of violet known by the common names Selkirk's violet and great-spur violet. It is native throughout the Northern Hemisphere, its distribution circumboreal.[1][2][3]

This species is a rhizomatous perennial herb with hairy, heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are up to 1.5 centimeters wide and are violet in color. They lack the beards that some other violets have. Each flower has a spur up to 7 millimeters long. The fruit is a capsule up to 6 millimeters wide.[1][3] Flowering occurs between April and July. In some regions this violet may be confused with its relatives, the hookedspur violet (V. adunca) and the common blue violet (V. sororia). Its relatively large spur is a good distinguishing characteristic.[3]

Like some other violets, this species forcefully ejects its mature seeds from the fruit capsules. Ants then pick up the seeds and aid in their dispersal.[4]

The plant occupies many types of moist, shady, cool habitat. In North America it is mostly found in forests. Like many other violets it often grows on rotting wood. It also seems to favor calcareous substrates such as limestone.[3]

While the plant is not rare in general, it is considered to be an imperiled species in some regions, mainly on the periphery of its range, including the US states of Colorado, Connecticut (where it is listed as a special concern species)[5] Montana, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota.[3] In other places it is a common plant.[1]

This plant, which was known at the time only from the vicinity of Montreal, was named by Frederick Traugott Pursh for Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, who had chosen Pursh to serve as botanist of a proposed expedition to the Red River Colony in what is now Manitoba.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c Viola selkirkii. NatureServe.
  2. ^ "Viola selkirkii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e Hornbeck, J. H., C. H. Sieg, and D. J. Reyher. Conservation Assessment for Great-spurred Violet in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming. USFS Rocky Mountain Region. Black Hills National Forest, Custer, SD. April, 2003.
  4. ^ Ohkawara, K. and S. Higashi. (1994). Relative importance of ballistic and ant dispersal in two diplochorous Viola species. Oecologia 100 135–40.
  5. ^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015". State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 1 February 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
  6. ^ Joseph Ewan, Frederick Pursh, 1774-1820, and His Botanical Associates, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 96, No. 5 (Oct. 15, 1952), pp. 599–628.
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Viola selkirkii: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viola selkirkii.

Viola selkirkii is a species of violet known by the common names Selkirk's violet and great-spur violet. It is native throughout the Northern Hemisphere, its distribution circumboreal.

This species is a rhizomatous perennial herb with hairy, heart-shaped leaves. The flowers are up to 1.5 centimeters wide and are violet in color. They lack the beards that some other violets have. Each flower has a spur up to 7 millimeters long. The fruit is a capsule up to 6 millimeters wide. Flowering occurs between April and July. In some regions this violet may be confused with its relatives, the hookedspur violet (V. adunca) and the common blue violet (V. sororia). Its relatively large spur is a good distinguishing characteristic.

Like some other violets, this species forcefully ejects its mature seeds from the fruit capsules. Ants then pick up the seeds and aid in their dispersal.

The plant occupies many types of moist, shady, cool habitat. In North America it is mostly found in forests. Like many other violets it often grows on rotting wood. It also seems to favor calcareous substrates such as limestone.

While the plant is not rare in general, it is considered to be an imperiled species in some regions, mainly on the periphery of its range, including the US states of Colorado, Connecticut (where it is listed as a special concern species) Montana, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota. In other places it is a common plant.

This plant, which was known at the time only from the vicinity of Montreal, was named by Frederick Traugott Pursh for Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk, who had chosen Pursh to serve as botanist of a proposed expedition to the Red River Colony in what is now Manitoba.

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Laanekannike ( Estonian )

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Laanekannike (Viola selkirkii) on kannikese perekonda kuuluv taimeliik.

Välislingid


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Laanekannike: Brief Summary ( Estonian )

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Laanekannike (Viola selkirkii) on kannikese perekonda kuuluv taimeliik.

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Kaiheorvokki ( Finnish )

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Kaiheorvokki (Viola selkirkii) on matala, vain 5–8 cm korkea tummanvihreä kasvi, jonka terälehdet ovat vaaleansiniset tai sinipunaiset. Kaiheorvokki kuuluu orvokkien sukuun. Se kukkii touko-kesäkuussa. Kaiheorvokki on varjoisten lehtojen pohjakerroksen kasvi, ja se muistuttaa lähilajiaan lehto-orvokkia.

Kaiheorvokkia tavataan Suomen leveyspiireillä myös Pohjoismaissa, Venäjällä, Aasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa.[1]

Lähteet

  1. Anderberg, A & A-L: Den virtuella Floran (myös levinneisyyskartta) 2004–2009. Tukholma: Naturhistoriska riksmuseet. Viitattu 27.6.2009. (ruotsiksi)

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Kaiheorvokki: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Kaiheorvokki (Viola selkirkii) on matala, vain 5–8 cm korkea tummanvihreä kasvi, jonka terälehdet ovat vaaleansiniset tai sinipunaiset. Kaiheorvokki kuuluu orvokkien sukuun. Se kukkii touko-kesäkuussa. Kaiheorvokki on varjoisten lehtojen pohjakerroksen kasvi, ja se muistuttaa lähilajiaan lehto-orvokkia.

Kaiheorvokkia tavataan Suomen leveyspiireillä myös Pohjoismaissa, Venäjällä, Aasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa.

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Violette de Selkirk ( French )

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Viola selkirkii

La Violette de Selkirk (Viola selkirkii ) est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Violaceae poussant dans l'hémisphère nord.

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Skuggviol ( Swedish )

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Skuggviol (Viola selkirkii) är en växtart i släktet violer. Den är nordlig och finns i Sverige sällsynt från Dalarna till Lule lappmark. I Nordamerika växer den främst i Kanada och i USA:s nordligare stater, såsom Minnesota. Skuggviolen blommar med vita eller ljust blå blommor i maj-juni och trivs i skuggiga och fuktiga miljöer, som vid bäckar och i rasbranter. Arten blir 5-8 cm hög. Bladen är mörkgröna och hjärtformade och sitter i rosett från jordstammen.

Det latinska namnet är en hyllning till Sir Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk.

Externa länkar

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Skuggviol: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Skuggviol (Viola selkirkii) är en växtart i släktet violer. Den är nordlig och finns i Sverige sällsynt från Dalarna till Lule lappmark. I Nordamerika växer den främst i Kanada och i USA:s nordligare stater, såsom Minnesota. Skuggviolen blommar med vita eller ljust blå blommor i maj-juni och trivs i skuggiga och fuktiga miljöer, som vid bäckar och i rasbranter. Arten blir 5-8 cm hög. Bladen är mörkgröna och hjärtformade och sitter i rosett från jordstammen.

Det latinska namnet är en hyllning till Sir Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk.

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Viola selkirkii ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Багаторічна трава 5–15 см заввишки. Стебло майже безлистяне, є лускоподібні приквітки у верхній половині. Є базальна розетка. Листя серцевидне, злегка блискуче, темно-зелене, верхня частина злегка волохата, базальний виріз глибокий, вузький. Квіти світло-блакитно-фіолетові, одиночні, похилі, слабо ароматні. Пелюсток 5, з зубцями або цілими кінчиками. Чашолистків 5. Тичинок 5. Плоди — капсула з 3-х лопастями.

Поширення, екологія

Північна Америка: Ґренландія, Канада, США; Азія: Китай, Японія, Корея, Монголія, Росія; Європа: Фінляндія, Росія.

Населяє змішані й широколистяні ліси, зарості, струмкові долини, від вологих до сухих місця; 200–3000 м.

Галерея

Див. також

Джерела


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Viola selkirkii ( Vietnamese )

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Viola selkirkii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Pursh ex Goldie miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1822.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Viola selkirkii. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 9 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết Họ Hoa tím này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Viola selkirkii: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Viola selkirkii là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Pursh ex Goldie miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1822.

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Фиалка Селькирка ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Семейство: Фиалковые
Род: Фиалка
Вид: Фиалка Селькирка
Международное научное название

Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie, 1822

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Систематика
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ITIS 505720NCBI 316496EOL 484243GRIN t:429821IPNI 325433-2TPL kew-2459696

Фиа́лка Сельки́рка, или Фиалка тенева́я (лат. Vīola selkīrkii) — вид травянистых растений рода Фиалка (Viola) семейства Фиалковые (Violaceae).

Описание

Многолетнее бесстебельное травянистое растение высотой 8-20 см. Корневище тонкое, длиной 3-4 см, не ветвящийся, светлое. Прикорневые листья многочисленные, с черешком длиной 1,5-11 см, округло-яйцевидной или яйцевидной формы, собраны в розетку. Прилистники ланцетные. Цветки длиной 1,2-2,2 см, бледно-фиолетового цвета, расположены на слабоопушенных цветоножках. Цветет в апреле — начале мая, плоды созревают в июне. Плод — яйцевидная тупая коробочка длиной около 7 мм[2][3].

Обитает в сырых хвойных и смешанных лесах, в заболоченных елово-сосновых и елово-березовых сообществах[2].

Число хромосом 2n=24[3].

Вид описан из Северной Америки[3].

Ареал

В России встречается Сибири; на Дальнем Востоке и Кавказе, на севере европейской части. За рубежом обитает в Скандинавии, Восточной Азии и Северной Америке[2].

Охранный статус

Вид занесен в ряд Красных книг субъектов Российской Федерации. Встречается на территориях ряда особо охраняемых природных территорий России[4].

Синонимика

По данным The Plant List в синонимику вида входят:[5]

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
  2. 1 2 3 Фиалка Селькирка на сайте Красной книги Татарстана (неопр.).
  3. 1 2 3 Безделева, 1987, с. 107—108.
  4. Фиалка Селькирка (неопр.). ООПТ России. Проверено 19 января 2014.
  5. См. карточку таксона на The Plant List
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Фиалка Селькирка: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Фиа́лка Сельки́рка, или Фиалка тенева́я (лат. Vīola selkīrkii) — вид травянистых растений рода Фиалка (Viola) семейства Фиалковые (Violaceae).

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深山堇菜 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Viola selkirkii
Pursh ex Goldie

深山堇菜学名Viola selkirkii)为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。分布在俄罗斯欧洲:外伏尔加地区俄罗斯欧洲:中第聂伯尔河日本俄罗斯东西伯利亚:叶尼塞欧洲俄罗斯远东地区:鄂霍茨克俄罗斯欧洲:比萨拉比亚俄罗斯欧洲:上第聂伯尔河俄罗斯东西伯利亚:达乌里俄罗斯欧洲:卡累利阿-拉普兰俄罗斯西西伯利亚:伊尔特俄罗斯欧洲:波罗的海沿岸俄罗斯高加索:塔雷什山俄罗斯东西伯利亚:安格-萨彦俄罗斯远东地区:乌得斯克俄罗斯远东地区:库页岛俄罗斯阿尔泰地区俄罗斯欧洲:克里木俄罗斯欧洲:德维纳-彼乔拉湾俄罗斯欧洲:下顿河俄罗斯高加索:西外高加索俄罗斯远东地区:乌苏里俄罗斯欧洲:下伏尔加河俄罗斯欧洲:上伏尔加河俄罗斯西西伯利亚:上-托布尔俄罗斯高加索:达吉斯坦俄罗斯欧洲:拉多加-伊尔明山俄罗斯远东地区:则亚-布列亚俄罗斯高加索俄罗斯欧洲:黑海地区北美洲俄罗斯远东地区:堪察加半岛俄罗斯远东地区俄罗斯西西伯利亚:欧布斯克俄罗斯高加索:南外高加索俄罗斯高加索:东外高加索俄罗斯欧洲:伏尔加-顿河俄罗斯西伯利亚地区俄罗斯高加索:北高加索俄罗斯欧洲:伏尔加-卡马河斯堪的纳维亚半岛俄罗斯欧洲:上德涅斯特河俄罗斯东西伯利亚:连-柯勒以及中国大陆甘肃江西安徽山西四川浙江河北江苏辽宁黑龙江内蒙古吉林陕西等地,生长于海拔1,700米的地区,常生于溪谷、落叶林、灌丛下腐殖层较厚的土壤上、针阔混交林或沟旁阴湿处,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

别名

一口血(秦岭植物志)

参考文献

  • 昆明植物研究所. 深山堇菜. 《中国高等植物数据库全库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-02-25]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
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深山堇菜: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

深山堇菜(学名:Viola selkirkii)为堇菜科堇菜属的植物。分布在俄罗斯欧洲:外伏尔加地区俄罗斯欧洲:中第聂伯尔河日本俄罗斯东西伯利亚:叶尼塞欧洲俄罗斯远东地区:鄂霍茨克俄罗斯欧洲:比萨拉比亚俄罗斯欧洲:上第聂伯尔河俄罗斯东西伯利亚:达乌里俄罗斯欧洲:卡累利阿-拉普兰俄罗斯西西伯利亚:伊尔特俄罗斯欧洲:波罗的海沿岸俄罗斯高加索:塔雷什山俄罗斯东西伯利亚:安格-萨彦俄罗斯远东地区:乌得斯克俄罗斯远东地区:库页岛俄罗斯阿尔泰地区俄罗斯欧洲:克里木俄罗斯欧洲:德维纳-彼乔拉湾俄罗斯欧洲:下顿河俄罗斯高加索:西外高加索俄罗斯远东地区:乌苏里俄罗斯欧洲:下伏尔加河俄罗斯欧洲:上伏尔加河俄罗斯西西伯利亚:上-托布尔俄罗斯高加索:达吉斯坦俄罗斯欧洲:拉多加-伊尔明山俄罗斯远东地区:则亚-布列亚俄罗斯高加索俄罗斯欧洲:黑海地区北美洲俄罗斯远东地区:堪察加半岛俄罗斯远东地区俄罗斯西西伯利亚:欧布斯克俄罗斯高加索:南外高加索俄罗斯高加索:东外高加索俄罗斯欧洲:伏尔加-顿河俄罗斯西伯利亚地区俄罗斯高加索:北高加索俄罗斯欧洲:伏尔加-卡马河斯堪的纳维亚半岛俄罗斯欧洲:上德涅斯特河俄罗斯东西伯利亚:连-柯勒以及中国大陆甘肃江西安徽山西四川浙江河北江苏辽宁黑龙江内蒙古吉林陕西等地,生长于海拔1,700米的地区,常生于溪谷、落叶林、灌丛下腐殖层较厚的土壤上、针阔混交林或沟旁阴湿处,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

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