蛛緣蝽科（學名：Alydidae）是一個半翅目昆蟲的科。本科物種與緣椿象科（英语：Coreidae）物種有着密切關係。現時本科包括有至少50個属、 290個物種。
分佈於温带及地區上較溫暖的地區，本科物種主要為热带及亚热带昆蟲。舉例說：在欧洲本科有10個屬的物種，當中只有2個屬有在較溫暖的地中海區域以外出現。
Broad-headed bugs[1] are up to 10～12毫米（0.4～0.5英寸） long, and have slender bodies. Some have long and very thin legs. The most notable characteristics of the family are that the head is broad, often similar in length and width to the 前胸 (昆蟲) and the scutellum (entomology)（英语：scutellum (entomology)）, and that the last 觸角 segments are elongated and curved. The 複眼s are globular and protruding, and they also have ocelli（英语：ocelli）. The 腿 (节肢动物) of the hindlegs bear several strong spines; the tarsus has three segments. Most species have well-developed 翅鞘 (forewings), allowing them to fly well, but in some the hemelytra are vestigial. The membranous part of the hemelytra have several closely spaced long veins.
Alydidae are generally of dusky or blackish coloration. The upperside of the 腹 is usually bright orange-red. this color patch is normally not visible as it is covered by the wings; it can be exposed, perhaps to warn would-be 捕食s of these animals' noxiousness: They frequently have scent glands that produce a stink considered to be worse than that of true stink bugs (蝽科). The stink is said to smell similar to a bad case of 口臭.
Sometimes the adults have reduced wings. Both, nymphs and adults of some species, such as Dulichius inflatus（英语：Dulichius inflatus） and Hyalymenus（英语：Hyalymenus） spp. are 擬蟻現象s and live in ant nests.[2]
這些昆蟲主要棲息於相當乾旱（英语：arid）的沙質棲息地，見於海濱、石楠荒原、乾草原和疏林草原。牠們的主要以植物的種子為食：牠們會用其長鼻（英语：proboscis）刺穿種子，以飲用其中所含的營養液。部分物種在經濟上是重要的害蟲，例如水稻上的Leptocorisa oratoria（英语：Leptocorisa oratoria）。
本科物種為单源群[3]，可分為三條自然的家系（英语：lineage (evolution)）。這三條家系原來對應本科的三個族，分別如下[3]：
1965年，有兩份文獻對這分類作出不同的修訂：
中國昆蟲學家李新正和郑乐怡於1993年發表研究，對蛛缘蝽科各個亚群合共16个代表属作比较形态学研究，結論認同Schaefer (1965)的分類建議才符合研究結果[3]。其後，Schaefer (1999)[7]再完善整個分類。不過，Ahmad (1965)的分類仍然有文獻在使用。
綜合多個昆蟲數據庫的資料，現時本科包括有59個屬，分為多個亞科和族[8]，分別如下：
數據來源：
