Distribution in Egypt
provided by Bibliotheca Alexandrina LifeDesk
Nile region and Mediterranean region.
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- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Global Distribution
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North Africa, Europe, Southwest and Central Asia.
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- BA Cultnat
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- Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Associations
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Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Elinora dominiquei grazes on leaf of Sinapis alba
Foodplant / open feeder
nocturnal larva of Elinora flaveola grazes on leaf of Sinapis alba
Foodplant / spot causer
colony of Pseudocercosporella anamorph of Mycosphaerella capsellae causes spots on live leaf of Sinapis alba
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
colony of sporangium of Peronospora parasitica parasitises live Sinapis alba
Remarks: season: 1-4
Comments
provided by eFloras
`White mustard' is occasionally cultivated as green fodder and its seed con¬tain about 35% oil.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
provided by eFloras
The seeds are used for the manufacture of table mustard and also for the extraction of oils, which are used for cooking and making soap and mayonnaise. The species is a cosmopolitan, naturalized weed.
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Description
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Annual, up to 75 (-100) cm tall, erect, branched, usually stiffly hairy with simple subdeflexed hairs. Lower leaves 5-15 cm long, 2-6 cm broad, ± hispid, lyrate, 2-3-jugate, stalked; the terminal lobe much larger than the laterals, usually 3-lobulate, coarsely and irregularly toothed; upper leaves shortly stalked, sub-equally lobulate, sinuate-dentate. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate, up to 30 cm long in fruit. Flowers c. 10 mm across, yellow; pedicel up to 14 mm long in fruit, spreading or subdeflexed. Sepals 4-5.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, oblong, subspreading yellowish. Petals 7-12 mm long, 3.5-5 mm broad, obovate, clawed. Stamens 4-5: 5-7 mm long. Siliquae 20-40 mm long, 3-4 mm broad (including beak about as long or longer than the valves), sub-cylindrical, torulose, bristly hairy; beak ± compressed, sabre-shaped, often curved and 0-1-seeded; valve strongly 3. parallel veined; septum sub-membranous, thick, not veined; seeds 1-4 in each locule, globose, about 2 mm in diam., finely alveolate, pale brownish.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Herbs (15-)25-100(-220) cm, retrorsely hispid, rarely glabrescent. Stems erect, often branched above. Petiole of basal and lower cauline leaves 1-3(-6) cm; leaf blade oblong, ovate, or lanceolate in outline, lyrate, pinnatifid, pinnatisect, (3.5-)5-14(-16) × 2-6(-8) cm; terminal lobe broadly ovate, (1-)3-6 cm, usually 3-lobed, margin dentate; lateral lobes 1-3 on each side of midvein, oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm, margin dentate, repand, or rarely pinnatifid. Upper cauline leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade ovate or oblong-ovate, 2-4.5 cm, margin coarsely dentate, rarely subentire. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, stout, (3-)6-12(-17) mm. Sepals yellow or green, narrowly oblong, (3.8-)4-7(-8) × 1-1.8 mm, spreading or reflexed. Petals pale yellow, obovate, (0.7-)0.8-1.2(-1.4) cm × (3-)4-6(-7) mm. Filaments (3-)4-7(-8) mm; anthers oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm. Fruit lanceolate, (1.5-)2-4.2(-5) cm × (2-)3-5.5(-6.5) mm; valvular segment (0.5-)0.7-1.7(-2) cm, 2-5-seeded in each locule, 3-5(-7)-veined, torulose, terete or slightly compressed, hispid with subsetose trichomes mixed with much shorter and more slender ones; terminal segment ensiform, strongly compressed, (1-)1.5-2.5(-3) cm, straight or curved upward, seedless or 1(or 2)-seeded. Seeds gray, pale brown, or reddish brown, globose, (1.7-)2-3(-3.5) mm in diam., finely reticulate. Fl. and fr. May-Sep. 2n = 24*.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Europe, N. Africa, S.W. Asia; widely introduced.
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Flower/Fruit
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Fl. Per.: April June.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat & Distribution
provided by eFloras
Roadsides, fields, pastures, disturbed sites. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang [India, Kashmir, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Vietnam; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; naturalized elsewhere].
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Brassica alba (Linnaeus) Rabenhorst; B. hirta Moench.
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Brief Summary
provided by EOL authors
The seeds of White Mustard (
Sinapis alba) are an ingredient in table mustard. Since the 1950s, table mustard has also included seeds of Brown or Indian Mustard,
Brassica juncea (prior to this, the seeds of Black Mustard,
B. nigra, were mixed with those of White Mustard in table mustard). The mustard oil from crushed White Mustard seeds contains mainly the essential oil p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate, whereas that from Brown Mustard seeds contains
allyl isothiocyanate. These essential oils, which are derived from
glucosinolates in chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes known as
myrosinases, are responsible for the "hotness" of mustard. The fact that White Mustard seed oil is relatively mild is due to its lack of allyl isothiocyanate. Rask et al. (2000) reviewed the biochemistry of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, which is believed to be important in defending the plant from herbivore insects (and possibly from pathogens). Like other mustard family (Brassicaceae) plants, these mustards have flowers with four petals arranged in a cross and pod-like fruits. The fruits of
S. alba are bristly and hairy with a sabre-like beak. (Vaughan and Geissler 1997)
Sinapis alba has been the subject of diverse investigations in plant physiology.
White mustard
provided by wikipedia EN
White mustard seeds (right) compared with
rice seeds (left)
White mustard (Sinapis alba) is an annual plant of the family Brassicaceae. It is sometimes also referred to as Brassica alba or B. hirta. Grown for its seeds, used to make the condiment mustard, as fodder crop, or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
Description
White mustard is an annual, growing to 70 centimetres (28 in) high with stalkless pinnate leaves, similar to Sinapis arvensis.[1]
Distribution
Most common in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, it can be found worldwide. It has been found as far north as Greenland,[2] and naturalized throughout Great Britain and Ireland.[3]
Culinary uses
The yellow flowers of the plant produce glabrous or sparsely bristled seed pods. Each fruit (silique) contains roughly a half dozen seeds. The plants are harvested for their seeds just prior to the seed pods becoming ripe and bursting open (dehiscing).
White mustard seeds are hard spheroid seeds, usually around 1.0 to 1.5 mm (0.039 to 0.059 in) in diameter,[4] with a color ranging from beige or yellow to light brown. They can be used whole for pickling or toasted for use in dishes. When ground and mixed with other ingredients, a paste or more standard condiment can be produced. Sinapis alba is used to make the commonplace yellow table mustard, with additional yellow coloring provided by turmeric in some formulations.
The seeds contain sinalbin, which is a thioglycoside responsible for their pungent taste. White mustard has fewer volatile oils than do black mustard seeds, and the flavor is considered to be milder.[5][6]
In Greece, the plant's leaves are eaten during the winter, before it blooms. Greeks call it vrouves (βρούβα) or lapsana (λαψάνα). The blooming season of this plant (February–March) is celebrated with the Mustard Festival, a series of festivities in the wine country of California (Napa and Sonoma Counties).
Other uses
White mustard is commonly used as a cover and green manure crop in Europe (between UK and Ukraine). A large number of varieties exist,[7][8] mainly differing in lateness of flowering and resistance against white beet-cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii). Farmers generally prefer late-flowering varieties that do not produce seeds which may develop into weeds in the subsequent year's crop rotation. Early vigor is important to cover the soil quickly to suppress weeds and protect the soil against erosion. In rotations with sugar beets, suppression of the white beet-cyst nematode is an important trait. Resistant white mustard varieties reduce nematode populations by 70-90%.
Gallery
See also
References
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^ Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press Ltd., Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7
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^ Beesley, S. and Wilde, J. 1997. Urban Flora of Belfast. The Institute of Irish Studies and The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 0-85389-695-X.
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^ Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
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^ Balke, D. (2000). "Rapid aqueous extraction of mucilage from whole white mustard seed". Food Research International. 33 (5): 347–356. doi:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00055-7.
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^ Tan, S. H. (2011). "Extraction and residual antinutritional components in protein fractions of Sinapis alba and Brassica napus oil-free meals". 17th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas (ARAB). Wagga Wagga, NSW: 107.
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^ Garland, S. (1993). The Complete Book of Herbs & Spices: An Illustrated Guide to Growing and Using Culinary, Aromatic, Cosmetic and Medicinal Plants. Frances Lincoln Limited, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia. ISBN 978-0340584699.
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^ Germany
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^ Netherlands
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White mustard: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
White mustard seeds (right) compared with
rice seeds (left)
White mustard (Sinapis alba) is an annual plant of the family Brassicaceae. It is sometimes also referred to as Brassica alba or B. hirta. Grown for its seeds, used to make the condiment mustard, as fodder crop, or as a green manure, it is now widespread worldwide, although it probably originated in the Mediterranean region.
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