Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi i Ohashi, aneriorment dita Phaseolus calcaratus, és una espècie de planta lleguminosa i enfiladissa de flors grogues i amb les llavors comestibles. Els noms comuns en anglès inclouem els de ricebean o rice bean que fan referència a la mida petita de les llavors. És un cultiu poc estès que sovint es cultiva associat amb el blat de moro sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) o Vigna unguiculata. També és un farratge important, un adob verd i una verdura. Es cultiva a Indo-Xina, Índia, Nepal i Bangladesh.
Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi i Ohashi, aneriorment dita Phaseolus calcaratus, és una espècie de planta lleguminosa i enfiladissa de flors grogues i amb les llavors comestibles. Els noms comuns en anglès inclouem els de ricebean o rice bean que fan referència a la mida petita de les llavors. És un cultiu poc estès que sovint es cultiva associat amb el blat de moro sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) o Vigna unguiculata. També és un farratge important, un adob verd i una verdura. Es cultiva a Indo-Xina, Índia, Nepal i Bangladesh.
Die Reisbohne (Vigna umbellata) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Unterfamilie Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) innerhalb der Familie der Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae oder Leguminosae). Diese weltweit gesehen unbedeutende Nutzpflanze ist nahe verwandt zu einer Reihe anderer „Bohnen“ genannter Feldfrüchte. Der deutsche Trivialname ist eine Übersetzung des englischen („Rice Bean“), wodurch die dem Reis ähnliche Zubereitungsweise ausdrückt wird.
Die Wildform der Reisbohne tritt vom zentralen Festlandchina bis Südostasien, südlich vom Himalaja bis Malaysia auf. Im gleichen Gebiet wurden traditionell auch die Kulturformen angebaut. Heute wird sie auch auf vielen tropischen Inseln des Pazifik sowie in Afrika genutzt. Die Niederschläge können zwischen 700 und 1700 mm liegen.
Die Reisbohne ist eine sehr schnell wachsende und sehr früh reifende, einjährige krautige Pflanze. Sie wächst aufrecht bis leicht hängend und erreicht Wuchshöhen von etwa 30 bis 70 cm oder stärker wachsende Sorten mit windenden oder liegenden Stängeln, die bis zu 3 Metern lang werden können. Die Stängel besitzen steife, kurze weiße Haare (Trichome). Die Laubblätter besitzen meist 2 bis 15, selten bis zu 37 cm langen Stiele und dreiteilige Blattspreiten. Die lang-ovalen bis lanzettlichen Teilblätter sind 5 bis 10 cm lang und 2,5 bis 6 cm breit. Die Blattränder sind meist glatt oder die seitlichen Teilblätter können auch leicht dreigelappt sein. Die Nebenblätter sind 8 bis 12 mm groß.
Die achselständig auf 5 bis 20 cm langen Stielen stehenden traubigen Blütenstände enthalten, jeweils zu zweit bis dritt auf einem Nodium zusammengefasst insgesamt fünf bis 20 Blüten. Die Tragblätter sind etwa 2,5 bis 3,0 mm lang und die Deckblätter an der Basis der Kelchblätter sind 3 bis 3,5 mm lang. Die zwittrigen Blüten sind zygomorph. Der flaumig behaarte Kelch ist etwa 4 mm lang mit fünf etwa 2 mm langen Kelchzähnen. Die fünf Kronblätter sind (hell)gelb. Die gebogene Fahne ist 9 bis 12 mm groß. Es erfolgt meist Selbstbefruchtung.
Die langen, schlanken, unbehaarten Hülsenfrüchte weisen eine Länge von 6 bis 12 cm und einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,5 cm auf. Die reifen Hülsenfrüchte platzen leicht auf. Jede Hülsenfrucht enthält meist sechs bis acht, höchstens zwölf Samen. Die länglich rechteckigen, mit typischen Abrundungen an den Ecken, Samen sind etwa 5 bis 10 mm lang und 2 bis 5 mm dick. Das Tausendkorngewicht schwankt zwischen meist 30 und 120 höchstens bis 230 Gramm. Die Farbe der Bohnensamen variiert zwischen gelb, leuchtend rotbraun und schwarz, auch gesprenkelte Formen mit konkav länglichem, weißem Nabel gibt es und in Indien kommen vereinzelt auch grüne und grüngefleckte Samen vor.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 22.[1]
Temperaturen um 30 °C, gute Wasserversorgung und lehmiger Boden bieten die besten Voraussetzungen für schnelles Wachstum und Reife; die Reisbohne gedeiht aber auch bei tieferen Temperaturen und kann ebenso Trockenheit überdauern. Die Bohne wird häufig als Zwischenkultur angepflanzt, da sie einen kurzen Vegetationszyklus hat. Die ganze Pflanze dient als Viehfutter oder als Gründünger. Sie wird ebenso in Mischkultur angepflanzt, z. B. zwischen Maispflanzen oder Sorghum.
Man kann junge Sprossen, die Blätter, die frischen Hülsen, die frischen Bohnen (= Samen) und die getrockneten Bohnen als menschliche Nahrung verwenden; letztere stellen den traditionellen Verwendungszweck dar.
Die Samen können ähnlich wie Mungbohnen oder Urdbohnen in der Küche verwendet werden z. B. für Dal, sind aber schwieriger zu ernten. In Nepal gibt es Quantee, ein Gericht, das zum Ende der Monsunzeit serviert wird und traditionell aus neun oder zehn verschiedenen Hülsenfrüchten besteht, dabei sind Reisbohnen eine notwendige Zutat.
Die Erstveröffentlichung als Dolichos umbellatus erfolgte 1794 in Trans. Linn. Soc., 2, 339 durch Carl Peter Thunberg. Der aktuell gültige Name wurde 1968 von Jisaburō Ōi & Hiroyoshi Ōhashi in J. Jap. Bot., 44, 31 veröffentlicht. Synonyme für Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi sind: Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb., Vigna calcarata (Roxb.) Kurz, Phaseolus pubescens Blume, Phaseolus ricciardus Ten., Dolichos umbellatus Thunb., Adzukia umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi.
Vigna umbellata gehört zur Untergattung Ceratotropis in der Gattung Vigna.
Die Reisbohne (Vigna umbellata) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Unterfamilie Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) innerhalb der Familie der Hülsenfrüchtler (Fabaceae oder Leguminosae). Diese weltweit gesehen unbedeutende Nutzpflanze ist nahe verwandt zu einer Reihe anderer „Bohnen“ genannter Feldfrüchte. Der deutsche Trivialname ist eine Übersetzung des englischen („Rice Bean“), wodurch die dem Reis ähnliche Zubereitungsweise ausdrückt wird.
ကချင်ပဲသည် အင်္ဂလိပ်အမည်မှာ Rice bean ဖြစ်ပြီး မျိုးစု (Genus)မှာ Phaseolus ဖြစ်သည်။ မျိုးစိတ် (Species) မှာ calcaratus ဖြစ်ပြီး မျိုးရင်း (Family)မှာ Papilionaceae ဖြစ်သည်။
Vigna umbellata, previously Phaseolus calcaratus, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean. To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited.[1][2] It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or cowpea (V. unguiculata), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area. Like the other Asiatic Vigna species, ricebean is a fairly short-lived warm-season annual. Grown mainly as a dried pulse, it is also important as a fodder, a green manure and a vegetable. Ricebean is most widely grown as an intercrop, particularly of maize, throughout Indo-China and extending into southern China, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. In the past it was widely grown as lowland crop on residual soil water after the harvest of long-season rice, but it has been displaced to a great extent where shorter duration rice varieties are grown. Ricebean grows well on a range of soils. It establishes rapidly and has the potential to produce large amounts of nutritious animal fodder and high quality grain.
The cultivated Asiatic Vigna species belong to the sub-genus Ceratotropis, a fairly distinct and homogeneous group, largely restricted to Asia, which has a chromosome number of 2n = 22 (except V. glabrescens, 2n = 44). There are seven cultivated species within the sub-genus, including mung bean or green gram (V. radiata), black gram or urad bean (V. mungo), adzuki bean (V. angularis) and moth bean (V. aconitifolia) as well as a number of wild species. Artificial crosses have been made between V. mungo and V. umbellata to produce improved mung bean varieties (e.g. Singh et al., 2006).
There are three more or less secondary gene pools within the group: ricebean is closer to V. angularis than to the other species, being in the Angulares group (Kaga et al., 1996, Tomooka et al., 2003).
Ricebean's distribution pattern indicates great adaptive polymorphism for diverse environments, with its distribution ranging from humid tropical to sub-tropical, to sub-temperate climate. The presumed centre of domestication is Indo-China. It is thought to be derived from the wild form V. umbellata var gracilis, with which it is cross-fertile, and which is distributed from Southern China through the north of Vietnam, Laos and Thailand into Myanmar and India (Tomooka et al., 1991). Studies of the genetic and eco-geographical relationships among the wild relatives of Vigna species were made by Saravanakumar et al. (2001).
Rachie & Roberts (1974) classed ricebean as adapted to subhumid regions with 1000–1500 mm precipitation, although they noted that other factors were also involved in adaptation, for example rainfall pattern, moisture distribution, temperature, cloud cover and relative humidity, soil characteristics, pests and diseases. They noted the importance of human needs in assessing adaptation – for example taste, the need for a particular use, or market price. Average yields were between 200 and 300 kg ha−1, although with the potential for 1200 kg ha−1, the crop would grow on a range of soils, and was resistant to pests and diseases. It would mature in as little as 60 days, and although performing well under humid conditions, was also tolerant to drought (NAS 1979) and high temperatures. It is tolerant to some degree of waterlogging, although the young plants appear to be susceptible (de Carvalho & Veira, 1996). Ricebean is also known to be tolerant to acid soils (Dwivedi, 1996). Shattering is a problem in comparison with other grain legumes, and can be particularly serious under conditions of frequent wetting and drying.
Ricebean is a neglected crop, cultivated on small areas by subsistence farmers in hill areas of Nepal, northern and northeastern India, and parts of southeast Asia. It can be grown in diverse conditions and is well known among farmers for its wide adaptation and production even in marginal lands, drought-prone sloping areas, and flat rainfed tars (unirrigated, ancient alluvial river fans). It is mainly grown between 700 and 1300 m asl, although in home gardens it is found from 200 up to 2000 m. Most of the crop currently grown in Nepal is used as food for humans, with a smaller proportion used for fodder and green manuring.
Generally, ricebean is grown as an intercrop with maize, on rice bunds or on the terrace risers, as a sole crop on the uplands or as a mixed crop with maize in the khet (bunded parcels of lands where transplanted rice is grown) land. Under mixed cropping with maize it is usually broadcast some time between sowing maize and that crop's first and second earthing up, so ricebean sowing extends from April–May to June.
Ricebean is valuable for its ability to fix nitrogen in depleted soils and in mixed cropping with local varieties of maize, as well as for its beneficial role in preventing soil erosion. The crop receives almost no inputs, and is grown on residual fertility and moisture and in marginal and exhausted soils. Anecdotal evidence indicates that the area and production of ricebean in Nepal is declining due to the introduction of high yielding maize varieties and increasing use of chemical fertilizers, while consumption is decreasing due to increased availability of more preferred pulses in the local markets. No modern plant breeding has been done and only landraces with low yield potential are grown. These have to compete with other summer legumes such as soybeans (Glycine max), black gram, cowpea, common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and horse gram (Mactrotyloma uniflorum). Other production constraints that limit the production of ricebean include small and fragmented land holdings and declining productivity.
Wild forms are typically fine-stemmed, freely-branching and small-leaved, with a twining habit, photoperiod sensitivity and indeterminate growth (Lawn, 1995). Flowering is asynchronous, and there is a tendency to hard seeds. In many areas, landraces which retain many of these characteristics persist, in particular with regard to daylight sensitivity, growth habit and hard seeds. Seed colour is variable, but commonly red or yellow. The red type is commonly named 赤小豆 in Chinese, literally meaning 'red small bean'. It's considered an herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
The World Vegetable Centre (formerly the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center) based in Taiwan has 197 accessions of ricebean, including 8 genotypes from Nepal and 24 from India. However, there is little or no passport data (World Vegetable Center, 2007), other than for a Nepalese genotype (given the name Mogimass), collected at 2000 m in Bajura district. The Indian genotypes IC 7588, IC 8229, EC 18771, and IC 7506 are noted as being less sensitive to photoperiod, but no other information is given. In India, the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) contains over 1700 accessions from a variety of Asian countries (NBPGR, 2007). As well as this, there is a collection held at the Indian Institute for Pulses Research, and the NBPGR station at Bhowali, Uttar Pradesh, also maintain a collection of over 300 genotypes (Negi et al., 1996). In Nepal, the Plant Genetic Resources Unit of the NARC maintains a collection of some 300 accessions from various parts of the country.
Ricebean plays an important role in human, animal and soil health improvement. All varieties seem to be good sources of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids and minerals (Mohan & Janardhanan, 1994), and the dried seeds make an excellent addition to a cereal-based diet.
Ricebean is most often served as a dal, either soaked overnight and boiled with a few spices, or cooked in a pressure cooker. Apart from various recipes for dal soups and sauces, pulses are also used in a number of other ways, either whole, cooked or roasted, as flour, or ground to make various deep fried dishes or snacks. Some recipes are specific to particular pulses, but many are open to substitution. The consumption of green pods as a vegetable has been recorded but is not widespread, although the indeterminate growth habit of many varieties is beneficial in providing a steady supply of green pods over long periods of the year.
The raw protein content of ricebean is lower than that of most pulses, although there is considerable variation. Gopinathan et al. (1987) note that the protein content of related wild species (e.g. Vigna minima) tends to be higher than of cultivated lines, so there may be potential to breed for improved protein content. However, the amino acid composition is reported by several authors to be well balanced for human consumption (e.g. Chandel et al., 1978; Mohan & Janardhan, 1994; de Carvalho & Vieira, 1996).
As in other pulses, an important problem is that ricebean contains various antinutrients,[3] notably phytic acid or phytate, polyphenols and fibres that reduce micronutrient uptake, in particular iron and zinc. Breeding for low phytate seeds is possible, but there are conflicting opinions about its desirability because phytate is also a human nutrient, and also plays various roles in the life cycle of the plant.
Special concern for flatulence-producing substances is important when a pulse is promoted for human consumption (Smil, 1997). Revilleza et al. (1990) tested the content of known flatulence-producing oligosaccharides in common legumes from the Philippines and ranked them on their flatulence-producing potential: Sam-samping (Clitoria ternatea)> hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus, syn. Dolichos lablab L)> Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)> swordbean (Canavalia gladiata)> ricebean> jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Two different varieties of ricebean contained 2.25 and 2.55% oligosaccharides. Kaur & Kawatra (2000) measured the effect of soaking, open pan cooking, pressure cooking, sprouting and combinations of these. All led to a significant reduction of the content of flatus-producing sugars, although the most effective was a combination of sprouting and pressure cooking.
While most legumes contain one or several enzyme inhibitors and similar antinutritive or toxic factors (Smil, 1997), the content of such substances appears to be low in ricebean.
Ricebean is valuable as a high class fodder which is known to increase milk production in livestock.[4]
The red type of ricebean is used in traditional Chinese medicine, sometimes in combination with Angelica sinensis (當歸). No information is available regarding any “folk medicine” use in Nepal or India.[5][6]
In South Asia, the idea of a division of foods into hot, cold and neutral is very common. This has an important bearing on dietary choices, as this perception not only promotes a balance between hot and cold food stuffs in daily nutrition, but also encourages or discourages the consumption of various items according to season, and during sickness. An account of the perception of a number of food items in Nepal has been published by Gittelsohn et al. (1997). Their data shows that there is hardly any “scientific” basis for the division into hot and cold foods. For instance, yogurt is cold while goat milk is hot, buffalo meat is cold while fish and chicken is hot, and black gram is cold while red gram (cowpea) is hot. This perception tends to be location-specific, so these findings cannot be generalised all over Nepal (or South Asia!). Their study did not comment on the hot-cold rating of ricebean.
In Nepal, ricebean tends to be categorised as a cold food (e.g. in Gulmi, Kailali, Syangja, Dang, Gorkha districts) and it is said to cool people in the summer. However, it is also said to make people warm during the winter. In Ilam District in Eastern Nepal, ricebean is considered hot, and there it is advised that old and sick people should not eat it during the hot season, as it is not easily digested and weak people would get stomach problems from eating it.
Another account from Ilam stated that ricebean, although creating some stomach unrest, was milder and more digestible than other pulses, and therefore often served to people who suffer from indigestion. Whether hot or cold, the major share of ricebean is consumed soon after harvest, so the crop will only indirectly impact on food security during the lean season in the pre- and early monsoon period.
Some oral evidence from Nepal says that ricebean does not have a particular ceremonial role. This is in contrast to black gram which is used for ceremonial purposes among high caste Hindus, and also for instance among Rai people in the Arun Valley. In addition, black gram is considered tastier and fetches a higher market price, so will tend to replace ricebean if the farmer has to make a choice.
Quantee (or kwati in Newari) is a mixed bean sprout soup served at the Janai Purnima or Raksha Bhandan festival. Ricebean is one of nine beans prescribed for this recipe. The festival marks the end of the monsoon where people by traditional perception (and probably also in reality) have been weak, undernourished and subject to diseases. In this respect, quantee is said “to make one strong” and to purify the stomach as the mixed bean sprouts are hard to digest and so cleans the stomach. In addition, eating quantee is said to kill a certain type of mosquito (Löwdin, 1998).
While ricebean in Nepal is to some extent perceived as a "poor man's food", it is not particularly stigmatised, so no ethnic or caste group actually has a rule against it. In Dang, ricebean is particularly enjoyed by Tharu (indigenous Terai) people, who have a version of quantee which requires ten different beans.
One source mentioned that since ricebean is supposed to make you strong, people will often serve it to labourers, while also occasionally consuming it themselves in connection with tasks requiring hard work.
So far little has been done to exploit ricebean's potential: there are several features that need attention from breeders before it could be widely adopted. Most varieties are highly photoperiod sensitive, and so when grown in the subtropics are late flowering and show strong vegetative growth. Their twining habit makes them very suitable for use as intercrops with such species as maize, sorghum and possibly some of the minor millet species, which can provide support, but also makes them difficult to harvest. Many of the current varieties are susceptible to shattering, and show high levels of hard seededness. Some crop improvement work has been carried out on ricebean in India, but not in Nepal. However, the use of ricebean as a green manure crop was studied in a series of field experiments in Nepal, and this revealed that it is one of the best legumes for the purpose due to high biomass production over a short period of time, is easy to incorporate into the soil, and decomposes rapidly.
Catechin-7-O-glucoside can be found in the seed of V. umbellata.[7] In vitro, this compound has an antioxidant activity leading to a cytoprotective effect.[7][8]
Vigna umbellata, previously Phaseolus calcaratus, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean. To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited. It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or cowpea (V. unguiculata), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area. Like the other Asiatic Vigna species, ricebean is a fairly short-lived warm-season annual. Grown mainly as a dried pulse, it is also important as a fodder, a green manure and a vegetable. Ricebean is most widely grown as an intercrop, particularly of maize, throughout Indo-China and extending into southern China, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. In the past it was widely grown as lowland crop on residual soil water after the harvest of long-season rice, but it has been displaced to a great extent where shorter duration rice varieties are grown. Ricebean grows well on a range of soils. It establishes rapidly and has the potential to produce large amounts of nutritious animal fodder and high quality grain.
Rizvigno (Vigna umbellata) estas plantspecio el la subfamilio Faboideoj (Faboideae) ene de la familio de la Fabacoj (Fabaceae). La tutmonde ne grava utilplanto estas parenca al la aliaj vignoj.
La sovaĝa formo de la rizvigno troviĝas en meza Ĉinujo kaj sudorienta Azio. sude de la Himalajo ĝis Malajzio. En la samaj regionoj ankaŭ la kulturformoj estas kultivataj. Hodiaŭ ĝi estas multe uzata en multaj tropikaj insuloj de la Pacifiko kaj en Afriko. La precipitaĵo povas varii inter 700 kaj 1700 mm.
La rizvigno estas tre rapide kreskanta kaj frue maturiĝanta, unujara herba planto. Ĝi kreskas vertikale ĝis iom pendante kaj atingas kreskoalton de 30 ĝis 70 cm. Forte kreskantaj kultivarojo povas atingi 3 metrojn. La tigoj havas rigidaj, mallongaj blankaj haroj (triĥomoj). La folioj havas plej ofte 2 ĝis 15, malofte ĝis 37 cm longajn pedunklojn kaj tripartajn foliplatojn. La oblonge-ovalaj ĝis lancetaj folietoj havas longecon de 5 ĝis 10 cm kaj larĝeco de 2,5 ĝis 6 cm. La folirandoj estas plej ofte glataj. La flankaj folietoj povas esti trilobaj. La stipuloj havas grandecon de 8 ĝis 12 mm.
Grapolaj floraroj kreskas ĉe pedunklo de 5 ĝis 20 cm longeco, kiuj kreskis el la akseloj. Po kvin ĝis 20 floroj kreskas el un nodo. La brakteoj ĉe la bazo de la sepaloj estas 2,5 ĝis 3,0 mm longaj. La duseksaj floroj estas unusimetriaj. La plume jara kaliko longas ĉ. 4 mm kaj havas kvin 2 mm longaj kalikajn dentojn. La kvin petaloj estas helflavaj. La fleksigita „flago“ havas grandecon de 9 ĝ 12 mm. Ekzistas plej ofte mempolenigado.
La longa, svelt, senhara guŝoj havas longecon de 6 ĝis 12 cm kaj diametron de ĉ. 0,5 cm. La maturaj guŝoj ne kreviĝas. Ĉiu guŝo enhavas preskaŭ ĉiam ses ĝi ok, maksimume dekdu semojn. La milgrajna pezo varias inter 30 kaj 120 maksimume 230 gramoj. La koloro de la semoj varias inter flava, brile ruĝe bruna, kaj nigra, ankaŭ spruce kolorita. La konkave oblonga blanko hiliumo. En Hindujo ankaŭ ekzsistas verdaj kaj verde makulitaj semoj.
La planto ŝatas temperaturojn ĉirkaŭ 30 °C, bonan akvoprovizon kaj loman grundon. La rizfabo ankaŭ kreskas ĉe pli malaltaj temperaturoj kaj toleras sekecon.
Oni povas uzi junajn ŝosojn, la foliojn, la freŝajn guŝojn, la freŝajn semojn kaj sekaj semojn.
Krome la rizfabo estas furaĝplanto (freŝe kaj seke)
La unua priskribo kiel Dolichos umbellatus okazis en la jaro 1794 en Trans. Linn. Soc., 2, 339 fare de Carl Peter Thunberg. La aktuale valora nomo estis publikigita 1968 de Jisaburō Ōi & Hiroyoshi Ōhashi en J. Jap. Bot., 44, 31. sinonimoj por Vigna umbellata (THUNB.) OHWI & H.OHASHI estas: Phaseolus calcaratus ROXB., Vigna calcarata (ROXB.) KURZ, Phaseolus pubescens BL., Phaseolus ricciardus TEN., Dolichos umbellatus THUNB., Adzukia umbellata (THUNB.) OHWI.
Vigna umbellata apartenas al la subgenro Ceratotropis en la genro Vigna.
Rizvigno (Vigna umbellata) estas plantspecio el la subfamilio Faboideoj (Faboideae) ene de la familio de la Fabacoj (Fabaceae). La tutmonde ne grava utilplanto estas parenca al la aliaj vignoj.
Vigna umbellata, le haricot riz, est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Fabaceae (légumineuses), sous-famille des Faboideae, originaire d'Asie tropicale et du sud du Mexique.
Ce sont des plantes herbacées annuelles ou vivaces à courte durée de vie, au port dressé ou grimpant, pouvant atteindre de 30 cm à 1 m de haut, aux graines oblongue de 5 à 10 mm de long.
L'espèce, considérée comme « sous-utilisée » au regard de ses potentialités, est cultivée surtout en Asie tropicale, notamment en Chine et en Inde, pour ses graines comestibles, ainsi que dans d'autres régions à climat tropical où elle a été introduite (Afrique, Madagascar, Hawaï...). C'est un légume secondaire, qui peut fournir aussi du fourrage pour le bétail, servir d'engrais vert et parfois constituer une mauvaise herbe.
Son nom commun est une traduction, via l'anglais rice bean, du nom chinois (Chinois : 飯豆; pinyin : fàndòu). Il rappelle le goût voisin de celui du riz de ce « haricot ». À moins que ce ne soit sa petite taille qui lui ait fait donner ce nom
Vigna umbellata est une plante herbacée vivace à vie courte, habituellement cultivée comme annuelle, au port variable : dressé, semi-dressé ou grimpant. Elle atteint généralement de 30 à 100 cm, voire 200 cm, de haut. Le système racinaire étendu se caractérise par une racine pivotante pouvant atteindre 100 à 150 cm de profondeur. Les tiges, très ramifiées, tomenteuses, sont couvertes de poils très fins. Les feuilles sont composées, trifoliées, avec des folioles entières de 6 à 9 cm de long[2].
Les fleurs, portées par des racèmes axillaires de 5 à 10 cm de long, de couleur jaune vif, sont du type papillonacé. Les fruits sont des gousses cylindriques de 7,5 à 12,5 cm de long contenant 6 à 10 graines oblongues de 6 à 8 mm avec un hile concave. Les graines du haricot riz, comestibles, ont une couleur très variable, allant du jaune verdâtre au noir, en passant par le jaune, le brun. Les types jaune-brunâtre seraient les plus nutritifs. Le type rouge donne son nom commun au grain en plusieurs langues. Il est par exemple couramment appelé 赤小豆 en chinois, ce qui signifie littéralement « petit haricot rouge »[2].
Bien que relevant d'une espèce distincte du haricot adzuki, plus commun, c'est une plante très semblable et utilisée de la même façon. Ce haricot ne semble pas attaqué par les bruches. Il est facilement grimpant. Il est très facile à battre et à vanner. Il cuit facilement.
Selon The Plant List (31 décembre 2018)[1] :
Selon Catalogue of Life (31 décembre 2018)[5] :
Vigna umbellata, le haricot riz, est une espèce de plantes dicotylédones de la famille des Fabaceae (légumineuses), sous-famille des Faboideae, originaire d'Asie tropicale et du sud du Mexique.
Ce sont des plantes herbacées annuelles ou vivaces à courte durée de vie, au port dressé ou grimpant, pouvant atteindre de 30 cm à 1 m de haut, aux graines oblongue de 5 à 10 mm de long.
L'espèce, considérée comme « sous-utilisée » au regard de ses potentialités, est cultivée surtout en Asie tropicale, notamment en Chine et en Inde, pour ses graines comestibles, ainsi que dans d'autres régions à climat tropical où elle a été introduite (Afrique, Madagascar, Hawaï...). C'est un légume secondaire, qui peut fournir aussi du fourrage pour le bétail, servir d'engrais vert et parfois constituer une mauvaise herbe.
Kacang uci (Vigna umbellata) tumbuhan dengan batang setengah tegak/merambat yang polong dan daun mudanya dimakan. Bijinya yang sudah tua digunakan untuk sayur-sayuran dan pembuatan tempe. Bijinya mengandung protein, namun tak sebaik kacang kedelai. Di samping sebagai bahan makanan, daunnya bersama-sama dengan tepung beras juga bermanfaat sebagai obat.[2]
Kacang uci (Vigna umbellata) tumbuhan dengan batang setengah tegak/merambat yang polong dan daun mudanya dimakan. Bijinya yang sudah tua digunakan untuk sayur-sayuran dan pembuatan tempe. Bijinya mengandung protein, namun tak sebaik kacang kedelai. Di samping sebagai bahan makanan, daunnya bersama-sama dengan tepung beras juga bermanfaat sebagai obat.
Il fagiolo chicco di riso (Vigna umbellata) è una pianta della famiglia delle Fabacee (o Leguminose).[1]
Il fagiolo chicco di riso (Vigna umbellata) è una pianta della famiglia delle Fabacee (o Leguminose).
Vigna umbellata é uma espécie de planta dicotiledónea da família Fabaceae conhecida pelo nome comum de feijão-arroz. A espécie é originária de Kerala, Himalaia e China Central onde é encontrada em populações silvestres.[1]
Vigna umbellata é uma espécie de planta dicotiledónea da família Fabaceae conhecida pelo nome comum de feijão-arroz. A espécie é originária de Kerala, Himalaia e China Central onde é encontrada em populações silvestres.
Đậu nho nhe (danh pháp hai phần: Vigna umbellata) là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.[1]
Đậu nho nhe (danh pháp hai phần: Vigna umbellata) là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được (Thunb.) Ohwi & H.Ohashi miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.
赤小豆（学名：Vigna umbellata），又名赤豆、紅飯豆、飯豆、蛋白豆、赤山豆，是豆科植物，外形與紅豆相似而稍微細長，致生混淆。飯豆另有其他顏色，以紅色和黃色為主，紅色即赤小豆。
赤小豆主要用於中藥材，常與紅豆混用，然而赤小豆藥效較佳。
赤小豆甘偏涼，不若紅豆性味甘平。
这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 赤小豆（学名：Vigna umbellata），又名赤豆、紅飯豆、飯豆、蛋白豆、赤山豆，是豆科植物，外形與紅豆相似而稍微細長，致生混淆。飯豆另有其他顏色，以紅色和黃色為主，紅色即赤小豆。
赤小豆主要用於中藥材，常與紅豆混用，然而赤小豆藥效較佳。
分類 界 : 植物界 Plantae 階級なし : 被子植物 angiosperms 階級なし : 真正双子葉類 eudicots 目 : マメ目 Fabales 科 : マメ科 Fabaceae 属 : ササゲ属 Vigna 亜属 : アズキ亜属 Ceratotropis 種 : タケアズキ V. umbellata 学名 Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi 英名 Ricebean タケアズキ（学名 : Vigna umbellata）（英語:Ricebean）（中国語:赤小豆;ピンイン: chìxiăodòu )はササゲ属の作物。中国南部からベトナム、ラオス、タイの北部、ミャンマーとインド が原産で、インドシナ、中国南部、インド、ネパール、バングラデシュなどで栽培される。ツルアズキ（蔓小豆）、カニメ (蟹目)、 バカアズキとも呼ばれる[1][2]。トウモロコシ、モロコシとの混作で窒素固定を行なうために用いられることが多い。種子は、飼料や食用にされる。中国では主に漢方薬として利用されるが、広東スープの食材としても一般的な為（葛の根と煮る粉葛赤小豆湯など）、広東省ではスーパー等で容易に手に入れる事が出来る。
タケアズキ（竹小豆）は流通上の名称で、植物分類学上の正式名称はツルアズキ[3]。
タケアズキ（学名 : Vigna umbellata）（英語:Ricebean）（中国語:赤小豆;ピンイン: chìxiăodòu )はササゲ属の作物。中国南部からベトナム、ラオス、タイの北部、ミャンマーとインド が原産で、インドシナ、中国南部、インド、ネパール、バングラデシュなどで栽培される。ツルアズキ（蔓小豆）、カニメ (蟹目)、 バカアズキとも呼ばれる。トウモロコシ、モロコシとの混作で窒素固定を行なうために用いられることが多い。種子は、飼料や食用にされる。中国では主に漢方薬として利用されるが、広東スープの食材としても一般的な為（葛の根と煮る粉葛赤小豆湯など）、広東省ではスーパー等で容易に手に入れる事が出来る。
タケアズキ（竹小豆）は流通上の名称で、植物分類学上の正式名称はツルアズキ。
