Brachycephalus brunneus Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad & Reis 2005

Diagnosis (1) Males snout-vent length = 9.3-11.3 and females snout-vent length = 10.9-12.0; (2) body bufoniform; (3) skin on dorsum of head and central body smooth, with no dermal co-ossification; (4) dorsum brown; belly, throat, and ventral surface of limbs brown with variable amount of orange markings and spots; (5) snout mucronate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; (6) external trace of toe V present; (7) outer metacarpal tubercle distinct, large, ovoid; (8) dermal roofing bones of skull unornamented; (9) all paired cranial bones distinct, not fused to slightly fused with surrounding elements; (10) quadratojugals present, slender; (11) neopalatines present; (12) maxillary odontoids present, few in number (6-8).

Know only from the type locality, Pico Caratuva, Paraná State, Brazil.

Description of the holotype Body robust, bufoniform. Head as wide as long, slightly narrower than body; head length 36% of snout-vent length; snout short with length almost equal to eye diameter, slightly mucronate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; nostrils protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct, sinuous, with curvature slightly concave just anterior to the orbit and just posterior to the nostrils but convex throughout the nostrils; loreal region weakly concave; lips nearly sigmoid; eye slightly protruding in dorsal and lateral views, eye diameter 24% of head length; tympanum absent; tongue longer than wide, posterior half not adherent to floor of mouth; choanae relatively small, round; vomerine odonthophores absent. Arm and forearm relatively slender, arm approximately as long as forearm; fingers I-III robust, short, distinct; finger IV reduced; tip of finger I slightly rounded, tips of fingers II-III pointed; relative lengths of fingers IVVariation Snout shape varies from mucronate to slightly mucronate in dorsal view. Colour in life on belly, throat, and ventral surface of limbs varies from brown with different amounts of orange markings and spots to brown with no marks and spots.

DD. Data Deficient.

Brachycephalus brunneus is a species of frog in the family Brachycephalidae. It is endemic to Brazil and known only from Pico Caratuva, Campina Grande do Sul, Paraná. It is found in thick leaf-litter in Atlantic forest and is diurnal, active especially from December to February. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss for cattle pasture and agriculture such as sugar cane, coffee, and exotic trees.