Rhinella henseli (Lutz 1934)

Diagnosis ? (1) The smallest species of the group (snout-vent length 51.6-63.9mm in males; 64.4-78.9mm in females); (2) head approximately as long as wide, without clear subdivision between head and body in dorsal view; (3) snout subelliptical in dorsal view; (4) cranial crests poorly developed, sometimes some of them absent; (5) parotoid glands long, narrow, never overhanging the lateral edges of body dorsally; (6) first tubercle of the lateral row never fused to parotoid gland; (7) in life, conspicuous yellow marks near the cloaca and on posterior surface of thighs; (8) dorsal color pattern generally very adorned with markings on head, body, and limbs, resembling lichens; color varying from olive, dark brown to gray; vertebral line always present, beginning at rostral region and finishing at the urostile, generally delimited by black marks; (9) a row of minuscule tubercles on ventral surface of tarsus.

Distributed throughout the Atlantic Rain Forest from southern State of Santa Catarina to the coast of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (including the plateau and interior), Brazil. Is apparently limited to the north by the western side of the Serra Geral mountains.

Adult morphology A small sized species for the group (snout-vent length 51.6-63.9mm in males; 64.4-78.9mm in females); robust build; no clear subdivision between head and body in dorsal view (snout-vent length/head width=2.97); head approximately as long as wide (head width/head length=1.02); narrow and long parotoid glands, never subdivided, never overhanging the lateral edges of body dorsally; first tubercle of the lateral row never connected to parotoid gland; snout generally sub-elliptical in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; cranial crests usually inconspicuous, with total absence of some of them in some specimens; weak orbital ridge; roof of head slightly concave; eyes slightly protruding; sub-ocular band conspicuous, contrasting, triangular, usually sharply delimited; width of upper eyelid about 63% of interorbital distance; nostrils protruding; inter-nostril region straight, bordered by the canthal ridges; canthus rostralis straight; loreal region slightly concave; choanae large, rounded; tongue narrow, long, free, wider in the posterior portion; tongue length three times its width; vocal sac single, subgular, moderately developed; a row of small tubercles not always present or easily noticeable starting at the corner of mouth and finishing close to the arm insertion; eye-nostril distance about 77% of eye diameter; inter-nostril distance smaller than tympanum diameter; tympanum distinct, medium sized (tympanum diameter/eye diameter =0.60), generally rounded and not connected to the supra-tympanic ridge; a integumentary fold can cover the posterior region of the tympanum in the largest specimens. Forelimbs short, slightly hypertrophied; diameter of forearms comparable to that of upper arms; hands large; fingers long, robust, slightly fringed; webbing absent; relative lengths of fingers II?IV

LC. Least Concern.

Rhinella henseli is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.