-
Fig 1: Schematic drawing of Prorocentrum lima
-
Prorocentrum rhathymum cells are asymmetrical oval in valve view, with the left side of the right valve slightly longer at the apical end. Valve length 29 - 40 microns, valve width 18 - 27microns, length to width ratio 1.4 -1.6. The apical area is a small indentation, covered by many small pores. A spine (approximately 2 microns long) is present to the right of the apical area on the right valve. Cell surface smooth, with large (0.5 microns ) pores, which are arranged in rows radiating from the periphery of the valve. Very small pores (approximately 0.1 microns ) also present. Extrusomes (3 - 5 microns ) are present in the anterior part of the valve, pointing in the direction of the apical area. Nucleus 10 microns diameter, in the posterior part of the valve. Plastid yellow-brown, diffuse.
-
Members of this species have a fusiform body. The apex bears a prominent winged spine. In valve view the cell will have one arched and one convex side.
-
Exuviaella lima.
-
-
Fig 5:Prorocentrum lima SEM image of cell in right valve view
-
Prorocentrum rhathymum. Collected by ATOL team at Oyster Pond near to Woods Hole, Massachusetts for the Protistology Workshop at MBL. October-November 2005. Isolation and art by Adrian Reyes-Prieto.
-
Prorocentrum (pro-row-sent-rum) clipeus Hoppenrath 2000. The image shows one of the two valves of a cell. The nucleus is in the posterior of the cell. The plastids are yellow-brown. The cingulum is not visible. There is an apical spine present.
-
-
Fig 1: Prorocentrum emarginatum Schematic diagram (ventral view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997.
-
Prorocentrum clipeus cells are round, 37 - 44 long, 35 - 42 microns wide, length to width ratio 1.0-1.1. Apical area a wide rounded indentation, with a small list/collar present to the left side of the apical region. Small spine present, projecting from the apical region. Very small pores, approximately 0.1 microns diameter, present around the periphery of the valve and in short rows radiating towards the centre of the cell. Intercalary region with a horizontal banding pattern. Large yellow-brown plastid fills the cytoplasm. Large extrusomes (12 - 13 microns ) present in the anterior part of the valve, pointing towards the apical area. Nucleus large, approximately 20 microns by 10 microns , in the posterior part of the valve.
-
Figs. 14-19. Prorocentrum arenarium sp. nov. FIG.14. Cells in right valve view are round to oval. Cell distorted due to preparation. The periflagellar area is a broad, V-shaped depression. The longitudinal short flagellum is visible (arrowhead). Marginal poroids (arrows). FIG.15. The valve surface in left valve view is smooth and scattered with valve and marginal poroids (arrows). FIG. 6. The oblique ventral view is ellipsoid. The intercalary band is smooth. The marginal poroids are evenly spaced (arrows). FIG.17. The periflagellar area is triangular and unornamented. It has a large flagellar pore (F) and one smaller auxiliary pore (A). The apical platelets appear vertical when viewed from the anterior end of the cell. FIG. 18. Both flagella emerge from the flagellar pore (F): longitudinal flagellum (arrowheads), transverse flagellum (arrows). FIG. 9. At higher magnification, valve and marginal poroids are kidney-shaped to oblong (arrowheads) and are similar in size.FIGS. 20-21. Prorocentrum arenarium sp. nov. with peduncle-like structures. FIG. 20. The periflagellar area exhibits a short flagellum 11µm long (arrows), and a short, curved tubular structure 2-3 µm long (arrowheads), both emerging from the flagellar pore (F). The width of the curved tubular structure and flagellum are the same. FIG. 21. Both tubular structures emerge from the flagellar pore (F); one is straight, 2 µm long (arrow), and the other curved, 3µm long (arrowheads). The auxiliary pore (A) is to the left of the flagellar pore.
EMu: HOLOTYPE SEM NEGATIVE #133024; SEM stub # 133; Field # 556-92; Accession # 407166; Catalog # 97; Figure # 14.
-
Fig 2: Prorocentrum emarginatum Schematic diagram (Pore arrangement) from Faust 1990.
-
Prorocentrum emarginatum, showing plastids, observed in marine muds and sandy sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using differential interference contrast optics. This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.
-
Fig 1: Prorocentrum micans Schematic diagram (ventral view) redrawn from Tomas et al. 1997.
-
Prorocentrum emarginatum, an empty valve, observed in marine muds and sandy sediments in the vicinity of Broome, Western Australia in September 2003. This image was taken using phase contrast optics. This work was supported by the Australian Biological Resources Study.
-
Fig 1: Prorocentrum rhathymum Schematic diagram (valvar view) redrawn (and edited) from Cortés-Altamirano & Sierra-Beltran 2003.
-
Prorocentrum (pro-row-sent-rum) lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge 1975. The image shows one of the two valves of a cell. The cingulum is not visible. The plastids are yellow-brown, and surround a large circular pyrenoid in the centre of the cell.
-
Plate 37. Prorocentrum arenarium. Figs. 1-5. SEM. Fig. 1. Right valve: cells round to ovoid. Periflagellar area is a broad, V-shaped depression. Short longitudinal flagellum visible (arrowhead). Marginal poroids present (arrows). Fig. 2. Left valve: surface smooth, with scattered valve and marginal poroids (arrows). Fig. 3. Lateral view: intercalary band smooth; marginal poroids evenly spaced (arrowheads). Fig.4. Marginal poroids oblong to kidney-shaped. Fig. 5. Periflagellar area: triangular and unornamented with large flagellar pore (f) and smaller auxiliary pore (a). Fig. 6. LM. Right valve: posterior nucleus (n) and prominent central pyrenoid (arrow).
-
Fig 2: Prorocentrum rhathymum Schematic diagram (sagital view) redrawn from Cortés-Altamirano & Sierra-Beltran 2003.
-
Prorocentrum lima valves are oval, 40 - 45 microns long, 27-33 microns wide , length to width ratio 1.3 - 1.5. Valve surface smooth. Valve pores scattered except in the centre, 58 - 80 per cell, approximately 0.3 microns diameter, round, oval to slightly kidney shaped. Marginal pores around periphery of cell, 51-74 per cell, round to oval approximately 0.3 microns diameter. Intercalary band smooth. Apical area consists of a small triangular indentation. A small flange (apical collar) is present. Plastids large, orange-brown. A pyrenoid, 7 - 8 microns diameter, is situated centrally. Nucleus in the posterior of the valve.
-
Plate 38. Prorocentrum balticum. Figs. 1-3. SEM. Fig. 1. Valve view: cell round to spherical, covered with many tiny spines. Apical spine apparent. Intercalary band broad, transversely striated (arrows). Fig. 2. Surface with scattered rimmed pores (arrows). Fig. 3. Periflagellar region: two different sized pores and two small apical projections (arrows). Fig. 4. Line drawing.
-
Fig 3: Prorocentrum rhathymum Schematic diagram (apical view) redrawn (and edited) from Cortés-Altamirano & Sierra-Beltran 2003.
-
Prorocentrum (pro-row-sent-rum) mexicanum Tafall 1942. The image shows the valve of a cell. The plastid is yellow-brown. There is a small apical spine present. The cingulum is not visible.