Biology
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This is a very poorly-known species, with very little information regarding its diet, behaviour or breeding, which suggests that this bird is very secretive. It uses runways in grass made by small mammals or water channels (4).
Conservation
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The rufous-faced crake occurs in a number of protected areas, such as Brazilia National Park, Brazil; Paso Bravo National Park, Paraguay and Estación Biológica Beni, a UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve in Bolivia (3). However, such areas offer differing levels of protection, and one specific proposed conservation measure is to implement effective protection of Paso Bravo National Park. Surveys to determine its exact distribution have also been proposed, particularly concentrating on the large gaps in its known distribution where there is similar habitat (3).
Description
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This small, but distinctive bird is a member of the rail family Rallidae, a group of ground-dwelling birds, and gets its common name from the strong yellowish pink to orangey-red colour of its head and neck. The back, wings and fairly long tail are dark brown, and the feathers at the leading edge of the wing are barred blackish-brown and white. The underparts are white, and barred black on the belly (2) (3). Its stout bill is blue-grey, as are its legs and feet, and the iris is red. Males and females are very similar in appearance (4).
Habitat
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The rufous-faced crake inhabits grasslands, with dense tussock-grasses, in shallowly flooded or marshy areas, often with around 3 cm of standing water (2).
Range
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Occurs in only approximately ten locations distributed over eastern Paraguay, central Brazil and central Bolivia (2).
Status
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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2006 (1).
Threats
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A large portion of the rufous-faced crake's range lies within the Cerrado, a vast tropical savanna covering parts of Brazil, northeastern Paraguay and eastern Bolivia. By 1993, two-thirds of the Cerrado region had been either converted or heavily modified, for human activities such as agriculture and cattle-ranching (3) (5). This is likely to have drastically reduced the amount of suitable habitat available for the rufous-faced crake. This continues to be a threat, and an increase in human population within this region will increase the pressure on the remaining intact vegetation (5). Fire is an additional potential threat to this species, although it does appear to tolerate some burning. A more significant threat to the rufous-faced crake is the widespread use of pesticides, fertilisers and other chemicals (2) (3).
Rufous-faced crake
provided by wikipedia EN
The rufous-faced crake (Laterallus xenopterus) is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots.[2][3][1] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.[4]
Taxonomy and systematics
The rufous-faced crake is monotypic.[2]
Description
The rufous-faced crake is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and weighs about 52 g (1.8 oz). The sexes are alike. They have a blue-gray bill, legs, and feet. They have a rufous face, hindneck, and upper back; a white throat and belly; and a buffy ochraceous foreneck and breast. Their upperwing coverts, secondaries, and scapulars have black and white bars as do their flanks. Their tail and undertail coverts are black.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The rufous-faced crake is found in northeastern Bolivia's Beni Department, in several states in south-central Brazil, and in central Paraguay.[5] It is known from perhaps a dozen widely scattered locations in those areas[5] but "given the suitable habitat in intervening areas and elsewhere[...]the species may be more widespread and less local than suspected."[6] It inhabits marshes, especially the zones of moist to shallowly flooded tussocky or matted grass.[5]
Behavior
Movment
No movements are known for the rufuous-faced crake.[5]
Feeding
The rufous-faced crake's foraging techniques and diet have not been documented.[5]
Breeding
Nothing is known about the rufous-faced crake's breeding biology.[5]
Vocalization
The rufous-faced crake's song is "a drawn-out, slightly descending trill". It also makes "[s]oft call notes "piú piú'".[5]
Status
The IUCN originally assessed the rufous-faced crake as Threatened but since 1994 has rated it as Vulnerable. Its known areas of habitation are small and widely scattered, and its estimated population of 2500 to 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. Loss of habitat by conversion to agriculture (corn and soybeans) and silviculture (Eucalyptus and pines) has played a major role in the species' decline. "The most significant threat is possibly the widespread use of pesticides, fertilisers and other chemicals."[1]
References
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^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Laterallus xenopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22692374A93351150. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692374A93351150.en. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
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^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Flufftails, finfoots, rails, trumpeters, cranes, limpkin". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
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^ HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022
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^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
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^ a b c d e f g h Taylor, B., P. F. D. Boesman, E. de Juana, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Rufous-faced Crake (Laterallus xenopterus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.rufcra1.01 retrieved November 29, 2022
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^ Brace, Robin; Hornbuckle, Jon; St. Pierre, Paul (1998). "Rufous-faced Crake Laterallus xenopterus: a new species for Bolivia, with notes on its identification, distribution, ecology and conservation" (PDF). Cotinga. 9: 76–80. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
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Rufous-faced crake: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
The rufous-faced crake (Laterallus xenopterus) is a species of bird in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
