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While no information is available regarding the direct effects of fire on field
bindweed plants and seeds, some information on the effects of various heat
treatments on viability of field bindweed seed is available.
Harmon and Keim [57] tested the longevity of several weed
seeds after burial in horse and cow manure over a period of 1 to 4 months. The
temperature in the horse and cow manure reached 158
°F (66 °C) and 150
°F (70 °C),
respectively, in 2 weeks. Percent germination of field bindweed seed before
burial was 84%. In horse manure, germination was 6% after 1 month (without acid
treatment), 8% after 2 months (with acid treatment), and 0% thereafter. In cow
manure, germination was 4% after 1 month (without acid treatment), 22% after 2
months (with acid treatment), 1% after 3 months (1 weak bindweed seedling was
obtained), and 0% thereafter. Field bindweed seeds retained viability longer
than all other weed seeds tested.
Similarly, most weed seeds tested by Wiese and others [148] were
killed after 3 days or more exposure at
120 °F (49 °C) in compost; it required 7 days of
exposure at 180 °F (83 °C) to kill
all field bindweed seed in compost. In dry air, all species survived 140
°F (60 °C) for 30
days. All seeds except field bindweed were killed in dry air by 160
°F (72 °C) for 3 days,
while it took 7 days of exposure at 180 °F (83
°C) to reduce viability of field bindweed seed from
about 30% to 7%, and 30 days to reduce field bindweed seed viability to 5%.
Field bindweed seed was
killed by a 12-day exposure in an outside storage
pile of compost. Ensiling field bindweed seed seemed to have no effect on its viability [156].
These results suggest that field bindweed seed may survive low severity fire.
The following description of field bindweed is based on descriptions found in several florae
[30,64,65,71,81,88,127]. It provides
characteristics that may be relevant to fire ecology, and is not meant for
identification. Keys for identification are available (e.g. [60,64,65,88,146,149]). Proper identification is
important if control strategies are planned, as
field bindweed may closely resemble some native morning-glories.
Field bindweed is a perennial vine arising from deep, persistent, spreading roots. It has slender, trailing to
somewhat twining, branched
stems, 8 to 79 inches (20-200 cm) long, sometimes forming tangled mats. Herbage is glabrous to
pubescent and leaves are variable, 0.4 to 4 inches (1-10 cm) long and 0.1 to 2.4
inches (0.3-6 cm) wide, with
petioles 5-40 mm long. Peduncles arise from leaf axils, range from 0.2 to 2.4
inches (0.5-6 cm)
long, and bear 1 to several flowers. Corollas are broadly funnelform, 0.6 to 1.2
inches (1.5-3 cm)
long and 0.9 to 1.4 inches (2.2-3.5 cm) broad. Fruit is a capsule, 5-10 mm long, bearing 1 to 4
seeds, each about 3-4 mm long. Kennedy and Crafts [74] provide a detailed description
of the anatomy of field bindweed.
Several authors describe variations in botanical characteristics of field
bindweed. A review by Weaver and Riley [144] indicates the leaves of field
bindweed vary greatly in size and shape with environmental factors such as light intensity,
soil moisture, and damage due to frequent cultivation or defoliation. Degennaro
and Weller [35] identified and characterized 5 biotypes among field bindweed
clones collected from a field in Indiana. Consistent variations in leaf
morphology, floral characteristics, flowering capacity, phenology, vegetative
reproduction potential, and accumulation of shoot and root biomass were found
between biotypes when grown in a controlled environment. Pollination studies
showed that presumed biotypes were self-incompatible. The variability in growth
and reproduction observed in field bindweed biotypes may explain the survival
and adaptability of a field bindweed population as environmental conditions and
control practices change.
Several researchers have described the anatomy and development of field
bindweed roots (e.g. [34,47,74,75]). The root system is characterized by a taproot with large numbers of
annual lateral roots that develop adventitiously throughout its length, and penetrate
the soil in all directions
(see Seedling establishment/growth for more detail).
Some laterals are ephemeral and some are persistent. It is by
these lateral roots that plants spread horizontally. Shoot buds arise on these
horizontal laterals and develop into rhizomes which, reaching the surface,
establish new crowns [47,74]. The ability to
produce buds, together with the root food reserves, favors vegetative
reproduction and makes field bindweed plants persistent [74]
(see Asexual regeneration for more detail).
Field bindweed taproots may be 2 to 10 feet (0.5-3 m) or more long. Other
vertical roots may penetrate to depths of 17 to 30 feet (5-9 m) [10,66,75],
depending on climate and soil type. Lateral roots are found primarily in the top
12 inches (30 cm) of soil, and most commonly in the upper 4 to 6 inches
[47,75,128]. In field bindweed plants grown from root cuttings in a sandy loam
soil in Oxford, England 70% of lateral root spread was in the top 3 to 6 inches
(7.5-15 cm) of soil, and none was below 12 inches (30 cm) [34]. Similarly, Swan
[128] notes that the lateral roots are generally found within the top 12 inches
(30 cm) of soil, but approximately 1 third of the total root system is in the vertical roots
below the 24 inch (60 cm) zone. Estimates of the amount of root by weight in the upper
24 inches (60 cm) of soil range
from 50% to 70% [133,144]. The concentration of food
reserves increases with root depth, and maximum percentages of reserves were
found in roots 6 to 8 feet (2-2.4 m) deep [10].
Field bindweed from an old-field site in Ontario was among the few plant
species observed in the laboratory that were not infected with native arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi [76]. Field bindweed plants growing on disturbed sites in Utah were infected
with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae [102].
Root exudations may decrease the germination of some crop seed (Grummer 1957, as cited by [128]).
Field bindweed is native to Europe and Asia. Field bindweed is successful in many types of
climates, including temperate, tropical, and mediterranean, but is most
troublesome for agriculture throughout the temperate zone, from 60°N
to 45°S latitude. Fifty-four countries report
field bindweed as a weed in 32 different crops [66].
Field bindweed most likely arrived in the
U.S. as contaminant in farm and garden seeds. Some
plants were introduced intentionally and planted ornamentally as ground cover or
in hanging baskets. It was first noted in Virginia in 1739 and was found all
along the eastern seaboard, from Virginia to Maine, by the early 1800s. Western
migration of field bindweed may have been hastened by the building of railroads; however,
field bindweed seeds
continued to arrive whenever immigrants settled new areas or whenever crop seed
was imported. A "bindweed plague" in the Great Plains in 1877 was attributed to Ukrainian settlers who
inadvertently brought the weed seed in wheat (Triticum spp.) seed during
the early 1870s. Field bindweed reputedly established in the Pacific Northwest when an
Oregon settler used it as a cover crop in his orchard. Field bindweed was evidently present
in California as early as 1838. By the end of the 1st quarter of the 20th
century, field bindweed was considered the "worst weed" in several states and a "serious
pest" in several others, especially west of the Mississippi ([95] and references therein).
The current North American distribution of field bindweed extends from the agricultural
regions of all provinces in Canada (except Newfoundland and Prince Edward
Island) southward throughout the United States and into northern Mexico. It is common to abundant
in the U.S., except in the extreme Southeast and parts of southern Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizona ([144] and references therein). Field bindweed is adventitious in Hawaii [121]. Plants database
provides a state distribution map of field bindweed. Field bindweed is
especially common in cultivated fields and gardens [30,37,50,54,58,60,64,72,81,88,106,110,141,146,149], along roadsides [30,37,50,54,72,81,110,127,141,146,149], railroads [141,146],
"disturbed sites" [37,96,151,153], and "waste places" [50,106,127,141,146]. It is
reported from ballast heaps in Nova Scotia [110].
A survey of weed specialists and herbaria in the continental U.S., conducted
in 1994 and 1995, found that field bindweed occurs at "serious" densities (> 1,000 acres/county) in 957
counties, "moderate" densities (250-1000 acres/county) in 845 counties; and
"low" densities
(< 250 acres/county) in 573 counties, in 47 of the 48 contiguous states.
Only Florida and the southern parts of states from South Carolina to Texas did
not report its presence. The authors also report that field bindweed infestations have increased
in several western states since 1970, but have decreased in importance in most Great Plains states [18].
The following lists suggest ecosystems and vegetation types in which field
bindweed may be invasive, especially following disturbance. It is unclear from
the literature which vegetation types may be susceptible to invasion by field
bindweed in the absence of disturbance. These lists were derived from known or perceived
ecological tolerances of field bindweed, are largely speculative, and may not be
exhaustive.
Fire as a control agent:
Prescribed fire alone is not likely to control field bindweed,
but it may be useful in combination with other methods (Callihan and others
1990, as cited by [86]). The effectiveness of prescribed fire as a control
method for field bindweed may vary with the invaded plant community and interactions with
other types of disturbance.
In C4-dominated grasslands, for example, long-term annually burned
watersheds had lower cover of nonnative species (including field bindweed) than unburned watersheds,
and fire reduced nonnative species richness by 80% to 90% [119]. Langstroth [82] recorded the
presence of field bindweed on experimental plots in a California grassland that were grazed by
domestic sheep (short duration) in the summer, but unburned. All other plots
(ungrazed/unburned, spring grazed/unburned, and all burning treatments) had no
field bindweed present.
It is unclear from these results how fire and grazing affect field bindweed
populations over the long term.
Postfire colonization potential:
Field bindweed has the potential to invade an area following fire. Fire provides a suitable seedbed
for field bindweed [42] by removing shade and exposing mineral soil.
Therefore, if field bindweed is present on or near the site prior to burning, there is
potential for its establishment and spread. It is a good idea to survey the
surrounding area for field bindweed and control plants that may contain seed that could be dispersed
into the burn.
Preventing postfire establishment and spread: The USDA Forest
Service's "Guide to Noxious Weed Prevention Practices" [137] provides
several fire management considerations for weed prevention in general that apply
to field bindweed.
Preventing invasive plants from establishing in weed-free burned areas is the
most effective and least costly management method. This can be accomplished
through careful monitoring, early detection and eradication, and limiting
invasive plant seed dispersal into burned areas by [51,137]:
re-establishing vegetation on bare ground as soon as possible
using only certified weed-free seed mixes when revegetation is necessary
cleaning equipment and vehicles prior to entering burned areas
regulating or preventing human and livestock entry into burned areas until
desirable site vegetation has recovered sufficiently to resist invasion by
undesirable vegetation
detecting weeds early and eradicating before vegetative spread and/or seed
dispersal
eradicating small patches and containing or controlling large infestations
within or adjacent to the burned area
In general, early detection is critical for preventing establishment of large
populations of invasive plants. Monitoring in spring, summer, and fall is
imperative. Managers should eradicate established field bindweed plants and
small patches adjacent to burned areas to prevent or limit seed dispersal into
the site [51,137].
The need for revegetation after fire can be based on the degree of desirable
vegetation displaced by invasive plants prior to burning and on postfire
survival of desirable vegetation. Revegetation necessity can also be related to
invasive plant survival as viable seeds, root crowns, or rhizomes capable of
reproduction. In general, postfire revegetation should be considered when
desirable vegetation cover is less than about 30% [51].
When prefire cover of field bindweed is absent to low, and prefire cover
of desirable vegetation is high, revegetation is probably not necessary after
low- and medium-severity burns. After a high-severity burn on a site in this
condition, revegetation may be necessary (depending on postfire survival of
desirable species), and intensive monitoring for invasive plant establishment is
necessary to detect and eradicate newly established invasives before they spread
[51].
When prefire cover of field bindweed is moderate (20-79%) to high
(80-100%), revegetation may be necessary after fire of any severity if cover of
desired vegetation is less than about 30%. Intensive weed management is also
recommended, especially after fires of moderate to high severity [51].
Fall dormant broadcast seeding into ash will cover and retain seeds. If there
is insufficient ash, seedbed preparation may be necessary. A seed mix should
contain quick-establishing grasses and forbs (exclude forbs if broadleaf
herbicides are anticipated) that can effectively occupy available niches.
Managers can enhance the success of revegetation (natural or artificial) by
excluding livestock until vegetation is well established (at least 2 growing
seasons) [51]. See Integrated Noxious Weed Management after Wildfires
for more information.
Field bindweed is primarily an agricultural weed, and occurs in cultivated
fields and other disturbed sites such as pastures, gardens, lawns, and along
roadsides and railways. Natural area managers are most likely to find it in
moist locations (e.g. riparian corridors and irrigated areas) on tracts once
used for agriculture [86].
Field bindweed was among several nonnative
plant species identified in a tallgrass prairie study in Kansas, where
nonnative species were most common at the town site and along human and
livestock travel corridors. A gradient was observed with a high abundance of
nonnative species in town to low abundance in prairie sites, with the
distribution of native plants forming a reverse gradient. Sources of nonnative plant introduction were related
to early cattle trails through the community, railroad and stockyard locations,
gardens, cultivated fields, livestock and wildlife activity. Nonnative plants
occurred on truck trails
into the upland prairie but had not yet invaded the surrounding grassland [40]. On study sites on open annual grassland and
blue oak savannah in California, field bindweed was found on both serpentine
and nonserpentine soil types.
It was most frequent near roads on nonserpentine soils and its frequency of occurrence decreased with
increasing distance from the road. This pattern was not observed on serpentine
soils [68].
Elevation range: Field bindweed has reportedly been found in
the Himalayas at altitudes of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) ([95] and references therein).
Field bindweed is found in several plant communities in riparian corridors in Wyoming, at
7,000 to 7,500 feet (2,100-2,300 m). Elevation ranges are given by area as follows:
Field bindweed is invasive primarily in agricultural areas, although some
authors indicate that it is also invasive in natural areas (e.g. [28,86,109]). Natural area managers are most
likely to find it in moist locations (e.g. riparian corridors and irrigated
areas) on tracts once used for agriculture [86]. Field bindweed is normally found in
open communities in association with annual, biennial, and short-lived perennial
weeds [144]. Habitats that are most like agricultural
lands (little competition, repeated disturbance, and high light intensity) are ideal for
growth of field bindweed (Cox (1915) as cited by [86]).
California: Field bindweed establishes locally in vernal pools in
Sacramento County, and in large pools in Tehama County. These habitats support populations of endangered hairy Orcutt
grass (Orcuttia pilosa) and Hoover's spurge (Chamaesyce hooveri),
and also support thriving field bindweed and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium var. canadense) populations. Field bindweed occurs in open
annual grassland and oak savannah sites. Dominant natives include blue oak (Quercus douglasii) and chamise (Adenostoma
fasciculatum). Grassland natives include purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra),
Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda),
California melic grass (Melica californica), small fescue (Vulpia microstachys),
and many native forbs [68]. At Sugarloaf Ridge
State Park, field bindweed is occasional in disturbed
places such as campgrounds and horse corrals [19].
In Nevada, field bindweed occurs on disturbed, moist soil of cultivated fields, near springs, roadsides, and
homesteads with pinyon (Pinus spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), and
saltbush (Atriplex spp.) [71].
At the Thousand Springs Preserve, Idaho, field bindweed thrives under
cultivated and irrigated conditions, and managers there suggest that field
bindweed outcompetes native grasses [86,109]. At Garden Creek Preserve in northern Idaho, managers report that
field bindweed threatens bunchgrass and forb-dominated habitats [86].
In Colorado, field bindweed has been identified in "seemingly remote, undisturbed
aspen stands" in Rocky Mountain National Park [28]. At the Phantom
Canyon Preserve, field bindweed is most problematic in
riparian corridors and mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus spp.) shrubland/grassland [86].
Midwest: Field bindweed occurs with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in wetland sites in the
Midwest [132]. It occurs in Theodore Roosevelt National Park in North Dakota [26], and occurs in the understory in
eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) stands along the Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota [150].
Field bindweed had relatively high (compared with other regulated noxious weeds)
frequency and canopy cover on study areas in the glaciated prairie pothole
region of the Northern Great Plains [61].
Canada: Field bindweed is a dominant species in some disturbed riverbank areas in the Montréal
area of Québec. Codominant species include
common wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris), common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), and
bird vetch (Vicia cracca) [97].
Dioscorides (circa A.D. 50) recommended drinking tea made from field bindweed
seeds for 40 days to cure spleen problems, weariness, and hiccups. However, he
warned, it had the inconvenient side effects of causing one to urinate blood
after the 6th day and making one permanently sterile after the 37th (as cited by
[95]). According to Kearney and others [72], an antihemorrhagic substance has been discovered in
field bindweed, although the source of this information is not given.
Extracts from field bindweed leaves and stems show high larvacidal activity against mosquito larvae [20].
There is no information available regarding field bindweed response to fire.
Field bindweed probably sprouts from roots and rhizomes if top-killed by fire. Response of field bindweed populations to
fire depends on a number of factors, including
native and imposed FIRE REGIMES, site conditions (e.g. soil, moisture,
temperature), associated plant communities, management history, and disturbance
regimes at a particular site.
In a study on the effects of litter on
germination and establishment of cheatgrass and medusahead, field bindweed germinated and grew well without litter,
suggesting that field bindweed may do well in a
postfire environment. When litter was present, and with increased competition from grasses, yields of
field bindweed were
"drastically curtailed" [42].
Field bindweed tends to be an early successional species, as it establishes well on bare
ground under open conditions. Disturbed sites are common habitat for field
bindweed
throughout its range (e.g. [37,50,96,106,127,141,146,151,153]). On a site in
western Nevada, field bindweed germinated and established better on microsites with bare
ground than on microsites with litter, and occupied
early successional stages (mostly grazing disturbance) in
some rangeland plant communities [42].
It is unclear how long field bindweed plants may persist in native plant communities.
Field bindweed plants were still present in an abandoned farm field 30 years after it was
last farmed in tallgrass mixed hardwood forest in Minnesota [59].
A review by Holm and others [66] suggests
that competition for sunlight places field bindweed at a disadvantage, and that, if adequate soil moisture is present,
several crop plants will force
it into abnormal growth and dormancy by shading. When crop plants are removed,
field bindweed resumes active growth [66]. Similarly, on a site in western
Nevada, scattered plants of field bindweed were observed growing intermixed with, but suppressed by a
medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) population. When medusahead was reduced by a variety of methods
(herbicide, disk-harrow, furrow), medusahead reduction was
followed by heavy infestations of field bindweed [155].
Bakke (1939, as cited by [9]) reports that shaded
field bindweed plants lose their prostrate habit and become twining plants. In general, the
lower the light intensity reaching field bindweed plants, the more rapid the elimination of
above- and belowground parts and the more reduction of available root
carbohydrates [9]. Dall'Armellina and Zimdahl [32] found that flower production, leaf area, and dry matter of shoots,
roots, and rhizomes
of field bindweed grown from seed declined as light level decreased. The only response
to reduced light levels of plants grown from rhizome segments was complete inhibition of rhizome
production [32]. A study by Mashhadi
and others [89] characterized the photosynthetic rate of
field bindweed under varied
light levels, measured as photosynthetic photon flux
(PPF). Field bindweed showed a linear response to PPF levels. Photosynthesis and transpiration both decreased at the
same rate in response to
decreasing PPF. There was a small amount of transpiration in darkness. The
authors also noted that field bindweed
growing under a dense juniper canopy had mostly abscised or chlorotic lower
leaves and long internodes on stems far from sunlight. They speculated that
field bindweed plants were able to establish in this low light environment
either because the leaves had adapted to low light and/or root reserves were
used to support the initial growth stages.
The competitive ability of field bindweed is due largely to its extensive root system. One
plant is able to reduce the available soil moisture in the top 24 inches (60 cm) of soil
below the "wilting point" (Wiese, unpublished data in [144]). Bakke [8] characterized the competitive
interaction between corn and field bindweed in Iowa,
noting that field bindweed is a superior competitor for water under conditions of low soil
moisture, and that corn plants growing with field bindweed were smaller and had lower
yields. How the competitive ability of field bindweed might affect successional trajectories
native plant communities is unknown.
Convolvulus arvensis L. (correhuela o cahiruela) ye una especie de planta trepadora del xéneru Convolvulus, nativa d'Europa y Asia.
Anque son natives d'Europa y la zona templada d'Asia, naturalizáronse n'otres zones del mundu.
Introducióse en Norteamérica, onde ta considerada como especie invasora en delles árees.
Ye una planta perenne yerbácea rastrera y esguiladora que se desenvuelve hasta un altor de 0,5 a 2 metros. Les sos fueyes distribuyir n'espiral, son lliniales con forma terminal de punta de flecha, d'unos 2 a 5 centímetros de llargu, con un peciolu de 1 a 3 cm. Les flores con forma de trompeta, con un diámetru de 1 a 2,5 cm, de color rosa maciu o blancu, con cinco rayes radiales rosaes llevemente más escures.
Anque produz flores curioses, ye de cutiu una planta incómoda nos xardinos considerada como una fadiosa meruxa por cuenta de la so crecedera y que pueden esgañar rápido a otres plantes cultivaes.
Ocupa bien fácilmente grandes superficies y enriédase a les plantes debilitándoles yá que-yos fai la competencia pola lluz, l'agua y los nutrientes. Cuando se desenvolvió dafechu, la gran masa de tarmos y de fueyes puede enzancar o torgar la recueya mecánica. La correhuela ye bien propensa a ser infectada pol fungu del oidio.
Pelos medios mecánicos de llabranza ye malo d'esaniciar porque anque s'esanicien les partes aérees de los tarmos tien munches y fondos raigaños de les que vuelve viltar la correhuela.
Les yerbicíes que pueden emplegase son los de tipu sistémico que son absorbíos poles fueyes y actúen sobre los raigaños.
Convolvulus arvensis foi descritu por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 153. 1753.[1]
Convolvulus: nome xenéricu que procede del llatín convolvere, que significa "enredar".[2]
arvensis: epítetu que procede del llatín arva, que significa "campu de llabranza", esto ye, que se trata d'una especie qu'apaez en campos cultivaos.
Altabaquillo, campanica, campaniella, campaniella de probe, campaniella de probes, campaniella probe, campanielles, campaniella montesa, campanuzas, campánula menor, carihuela, carregüela, carrehuela, carreuela, carrigüela, carrigüela fina, carrihuela, carrijuela, cerrihuela, cornihuela, corrayuela, corredora, corregüela, corregüela menor, correguela, correhuela, correhuela de los campos, correhuela menor, correjuela, correvuela, correyuela, corribuela, corrigüela, corrigüela cantu, corrigüela fina, corrigüela muerta, corrigüela viva, corriguala, corruela, corriola, corriola blanca, corrivuela, corriyuela, corroyuela, corrugüelas, corruhuela, corruviela, corruyuela, curriol, currujuela, curruyuela, enredadera, enredadera de los campos, enredadera, escarigüela, escarrigüelo, escoriegüela, escorigüela, escorrigüela, garrotilla, garrotiyu, gorrotilla, guniolas, hiedra de llagartu, filandera, filanderes, marañuela, maroma, panes, raízdecilla, torregüela, trababedarri de les pieces, yerba del muriu, zaramalla.[4]
Convolvulus arvensis, Devesa Boyal de Puertollano
Frutos y granes.
Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Botánica, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies. Convolvulus arvensis L. (correhuela o cahiruela) ye una especie de planta trepadora del xéneru Convolvulus, nativa d'Europa y Asia.
Çöl sarmaşığı (lat. Convolvulus arvensis)[1] - sarmaşıq cinsinə aid bitki növü.[2]
La corretjola, corretjola de conradís, corriola o campaneta (Convolvulus arvensis) és una planta de la família Convolvulaceae (la família del moniato) i del gènere Convolvulus.
Té una distribució pràcticament cosmopolita, ja que no és gaire exigent pel que fa al clima ni a les condicions del sòl. Originària d'Europa i Àsia, s'ha introduït a l'Amèrica del Nord i del Sud. Està generalitzada a tots els Països Catalans. És una mala herba molt freqüent.[1] És una planta ruderal que creix en erms i terrenys degradats o alterats; també forma part de la vegetació espontània forestal.
És una herba vivaç amb tiges i pecíols volubles que s'estenen per terra o s'enfilen per qualsevol suport. Les fulles són alternes, simples i amb forma de punta de llança. Les flors tenen els pètals soldats formant una campana de color blanc, rosat o amb estries d'aquests dos colors. El fruit és una càpsula arrodonida.
Ocupa molt fàcilment grans superfícies i s'enreda a les plantes i les debilita, ja que els fa la competència per la llum, l'aigua i els nutrients. Quan ha crescut molt, la gran massa de tiges i fulles pot dificultar o impedir la recol·lecció mecànica. La corretjola és molt susceptible de ser envaïda pel fong de l'oidi i pot encomanar aquesta malaltia a les plantes conreades.
Amb les llaurades és difícil d'eliminar, perquè, encara que es talli la planta, l'arrel queda a dins de terra i la corretjola rebrota. Amb les tècniques de mínim conreu encara s'estén més. Els herbicides que cal fer servir són els de tipus sistèmic, que són absorbits per les fulles de la mala herba i penetren a tota la planta, que així mor des de l'arrel.
L'eruga del borinot gris (Agrius convolvuli) menja voraçment les fulles de corretjola, per això es coneix també com a borinot de les corretjoles.
La corretjola, corretjola de conradís, corriola o campaneta (Convolvulus arvensis) és una planta de la família Convolvulaceae (la família del moniato) i del gènere Convolvulus.
Planhigyn blodeuol siap twmffat yw Cwlwm y cythraul sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Convolvulaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Convolvulus arvensis a'r enw Saesneg yw Field bindweed.[1] Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Cwlwm y Cythraul, Cynghafog Fechan, Cynghafog Lleiaf, Cynghafog y Maes, Llwyth y Clymlys, Perfedd y Cythraul, Taglys.
Mae gan y blodyn bump sepal, pump petal a pump brigeryn.
Planhigyn blodeuol siap twmffat yw Cwlwm y cythraul sy'n enw gwrywaidd. Mae'n perthyn i'r teulu Convolvulaceae. Yr enw gwyddonol (Lladin) yw Convolvulus arvensis a'r enw Saesneg yw Field bindweed. Ceir enwau Cymraeg eraill ar y planhigyn hwn gan gynnwys Cwlwm y Cythraul, Cynghafog Fechan, Cynghafog Lleiaf, Cynghafog y Maes, Llwyth y Clymlys, Perfedd y Cythraul, Taglys.
Svlačec rolní (Convolvulus arvensis) je vytrvalá, středně vysoká, narůžověle kvetoucí, ovíjivá rostlina známá jako houževnatý plevel polí a zahrad. Je jedním z mnoha druhů globálně se vyskytujícího rodu svlačec a v české floře je považován za archeofyt.
Druh je rozšířen téměř po celé Evropě, neroste pouze v nejsevernějších oblastech. Jeho původní výskyt sahá z Evropy přes Malou Asii, jižní Sibiř a Střední Asii až na Dálný východ a do severozápadních oblastí Afriky. Zavlečen byl do Severní i Jižní Ameriky, Austrálie a na Nový Zéland. V České republice je, vyjma nejvyšších oblastí, hojně rozšířený po celém území.
Svlačec rolní roste jako plevelný druh téměř na všech typech půd, zvláště častý bývá na půdách vápnitých. Vyskytuje se na polích, pastvinách, v zahradách, ve vinicích, u cest a nezřídka na stanovištích dotčených lidskou činností, od nížin až po horní hranici pěstování polních kultur. Je náročný na světlo a proto se vyskytuje většinou v řídkých plodinách.
Vytrvalá bylina s poléhavými nebo vlevo se ovíjivými lodyhami až metr dlouhými. Vyrůstají z trvalého, dlouhého, plazivého, silně se větvícího oddenku s mnoha postranními kořeny, které společně vytvářejí mohutný kořenový systém sahající až 3 m hluboko. Větvené, tupě šestihranné lodyhy, lysé nebo řídce chlupaté, jsou střídavě porostlé dlouze řapíkatými listy které se směrem k vrcholu lodyhy zmenšují. Jejich průměrně 4 cm dlouhé čepele jsou úzce vejčité až kopinaté, vespod mají dva špičaté laloky, na konci jsou tupě špičaté a po obvodě celokrajné, žilnatinu mají zpeřenou. Mladé rostliny po poranění roní bílé mléko.
Vonné, srostloplátečné, oboupohlavné květy vyrůstají po jednom až třech z úžlabí listů na dlouhých stopkách se dvěma listenci. Vytrvalý kalich je tvořen pěti cípy 5 mm dlouhými, tři jsou o málo delší. Široce nálevkovitá koruna je pěticípá, asi 2 cm dlouhá a bývá bílá nebo narůžovělá. V květu je pět tyčinek, s nitkami spodem přirostlými ke koruně, s extrorzními prašníky a svrchní semeník nesoucí na vrcholu dlouhou čnělku s dvoulaločnou bliznou.
Květy se otevírají jen za slunného počasí, ráno mezi sedmou a osmou hodinou a zavírají se tentýž den v 13 až 14 hodin, tehdy jsou již odkvetlé. Kvetou od května do září, opylovány jsou létajícím hmyzem hledajícím na dně květu nektar. V případě neopylení hmyzem se květy při zavírání obvykle opylí autogamně.
Plodem je vejčitá dvoupouzdrá tobolka, asi 6 mm velká, která jen částečně vyčnívá z vytrvalého kalichu. Obsahuje zpravidla 4 semena v obrysu nepravidelně hruškovitá, 3 mm dlouhá a matně šedočerně zbarvená. Ploidie druhu 2n = 50.
Rostlina se rozmnožuje semeny a hlavně kořenovými výhonky. Z jedné rostliny se získá až 500 semen, která si podržují klíčivost i 20 let. Tobolky pukají až po dokonalém vyschnutí a proto jen menší část semen vypadá na pole hned, větší část zůstane až do jara v tobolkách na suchých rostlinách nebo se sklidí s plodinami. Semena mají tvrdé osemení a proto po uzrání klíčí jen ojediněle, většinou potřebují k narušení osemení přezimovat a na jaře pak klíčí spolehlivě. Průchod trávicím traktem zvířat jejich klíčivost zvyšuje. Semena jsou nejčastěji roznášena zaplevelenými komposty, půdou nebo stroji či nářadím.
Po vyklíčení se kořenový systém rostliny rychle rozrůstá a již za dva měsíce dosahuje přes metr hluboko. Na podzim se na oddencích zakládají pupeny, ze kterých na jaře vyrůstají nové lodyhy. Oddenky se silně větví, vytvářejí složitou síť a jejich poškození znásobuje množství pupenů. Část těchto lodyh však nevyjde na povrch, ale vytváří v půdě spirály. V kořenech se ukládají zásobní látky a pupeny jsou schopné vyklíčit i za dva roky. Orba a kypření půdy způsobuje rozšiřování křehkých kořenových úlomků po celém poli, mají velkou regenerační schopnost a mohou rašit až z hloubky 80 cm.
Rostliny mají své přirozené nepřátele, řídce se vyskytující motýly tmavoskvrnku svlačcovou (Tyta luctuosa) a pernatušku svlačcovou (Emmelina monodactyla), jejichž larvy se živí listy, květy a dozrávajícími semeny.
Svlačec rolní je stará léčivá rostlina, obsahující v listech mnohé alkaloidy, živice, projímavé pryskyřice a třísloviny. V lidovém léčitelství se používá ve směsích s jinými bylinami pro zvýšení vylučování žluče a zlepšení peristaltiky střev. Působí též jako silné projímadlo.
Je znám jako nebezpečný plevelný druh škodící kulturním rostlinám. Hlavní škodlivost nespočívá v odebíraní živin – ty získává z větších hloubek, kam kořeny pěstovaných rostlin nesahají –, ale v oplétání lodyh rostlin, které následně za deště polehají a tím se snižují výnosy. V pícninách zhoršuje kvalitu krmiva. Při silnějším zaplevelení půdy jej lze potlačit jen herbicidy.
Popínavé lodyhy se nepřichycují úponky, ale ovíjejí se okolo opory. Vrchol stonku průběžně vykonává „pátrací pohyby“, otáčí se proti směru hodinových ručiček v kruhu o průměru několika centimetrů. Otáčku dokončí za příznivých podmínek za jednu až dvě hodiny. Toto otáčení je způsobováno nestejně velkým přirůstáním po stranách vrcholu stonku.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Květ a opylovač
Květní pupen
List
Ovíjivá lodyha
Lodyhy a květy
Prašníky
Plody a semena
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu svlačec rolní ve Wikimedia Commons
Svlačec rolní (Convolvulus arvensis) je vytrvalá, středně vysoká, narůžověle kvetoucí, ovíjivá rostlina známá jako houževnatý plevel polí a zahrad. Je jedním z mnoha druhů globálně se vyskytujícího rodu svlačec a v české floře je považován za archeofyt.
Agersnerle (Convolvulus arvensis), ofte skrevet ager-snerle, er en flerårig, slyngende eller nedliggende plante i snerle-familien. Bladene er spyd- eller pilformede og 2,5 centimeter lange. De hvide eller lyserøde blomster sidder på lange stilke og er vellugtende og 2,5-3,5 centimeter lange. På blomsterstilken findes to små, linjeformede forblade et stykke neden for blomsten. Agersnerle er udbredt over det meste af Jorden, borset fra troperne og arktis. Den er formodentlig hjemmehørende i Middelhavsområdet og har spredt sig med såsæd og lignende.
I Danmark er agersnerle almindelig på næringsrig jord i marker, haver, vejkanter, affaldspladser og på strandvolde. Den blomstrer i juni til september.[1] Blomsterne er kun åbne en enkelt dag og lukker sig kun op i solskinsvejr.
Agersnerle (Convolvulus arvensis), ofte skrevet ager-snerle, er en flerårig, slyngende eller nedliggende plante i snerle-familien. Bladene er spyd- eller pilformede og 2,5 centimeter lange. De hvide eller lyserøde blomster sidder på lange stilke og er vellugtende og 2,5-3,5 centimeter lange. På blomsterstilken findes to små, linjeformede forblade et stykke neden for blomsten. Agersnerle er udbredt over det meste af Jorden, borset fra troperne og arktis. Den er formodentlig hjemmehørende i Middelhavsområdet og har spredt sig med såsæd og lignende.
I Danmark er agersnerle almindelig på næringsrig jord i marker, haver, vejkanter, affaldspladser og på strandvolde. Den blomstrer i juni til september. Blomsterne er kun åbne en enkelt dag og lukker sig kun op i solskinsvejr.
Die Acker-Winde (Convolvulus arvensis) ist eine in Europa weit verbreitete Pflanze aus der Familie der Windengewächse (Convolvulaceae).
Es ist eine windende, mehrjährige, krautige Pflanze. Sie bildet im Boden ein dichtes Netzwerk von knotig verdickten „Wurzelsträngen“ aus, die immer wieder neue Sprossen hervortreiben, selbst wenn man die Pflanze oberflächlich gejätet hat. Die Spitzen der Sprossachsen führen kreisförmige Suchbewegungen durch (als Linkswinder von oben gesehen entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn), um sich an einer geeigneten Unterlage emporwinden zu können.
Von der sehr ähnlich aussehenden Echten Zaunwinde (Calystegia sepium) unterscheidet sich die Acker-Winde durch die Blüten, die bei der Zaunwinde gut doppelt so groß wie bei der Acker-Winde werden können. Bei der Zaunwinde sind sie durchgehend strahlend weiß, während sie bei der Acker-Winde zartrosa oder bläulich getönt sein können und außen an den Nahtstellen der zusammengewachsenen Blütenblätter dunkle, keilförmig auf dem Blütenrand zulaufende Streifen aufweisen. Die Blüte der Zaunwinde hat außen zwei deutlich ausgeprägte grüne Vorblätter, die bei der Acker-Winde fehlen. Die Blütezeit ist zwischen April und Oktober.
Auch die Blätter unterscheiden sich bei beiden Arten: Bei der Zaunwinde sind sie eher rundlich, während sie bei der Acker-Winde länglich mit einer Spitze und zwei spitzen Ecken sind.
Blütezeit ist von Juni bis September.
Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 48 oder 50.[1]
Die Acker-Winde ist ein Rhizom- und Wurzelknospengeophyt, dessen Wurzeln zur Sprossbildung fähig sind. Sie ist eine linkswindende Kletterstaude und eine typische Trockenheitspflanze. Ihr Wurzelwerk reicht bis zwei Meter tief.[1] Abgeschnitten verwelkt sie jedoch rasch, weil ihre Wurzeln mit hoher Saugkraft für das Überleben unentbehrlich sind.
Die Blüten der Acker-Winde sind homogame „Große Trichterblumen“, die nur einen Tag geöffnet sind (Eintagsblumen). Bei kühlem Wetter kommt es zu Schließbewegungen (Thermonastie). Bei Regenwetter bleiben die Blüten geschlossen und gelten daher auch als Wetterpropheten. Der Nektar wird am Grunde des Fruchtknotens gebildet und ist von der Basis der Staubfäden bedeckt; deshalb führen nur fünf enge Spalten zum Nektar hin. Bestäuber sind Insekten aller Art, aber besonders treten Spiralhornbienen (Systropha) auf, die auf Windengewächse spezialisiert sind. Sie wälzen sich in den Blüten. Es findet aber auch Selbstbestäubung statt.
Während des Wachstums führt die Spitze des Triebes windentypische kreisende Bewegungen (Nutation) aus, wobei für einen Kreis nur wenige Stunden benötigt werden.
Die Früchte sind unauffällige, zur Reife nach unten hängende, 2-klappige Kapseln mit 4 oder 5 Samen. Der Samenansatz ist meist gering. Hauptausbreitung erfolgt durch den Menschen über Ackergeräte usw. Außerdem tritt Schwerkraftausbreitung, Zufallsausbreitung durch Weidetiere und Ausbreitung der Rollsamen als Bodenroller auf. Fruchtreife ist von August bis Oktober.
Die vegetative Vermehrung erfolgt durch Ausläufer und Wurzelsprosse. Bei der Bodenbearbeitung wachsen kleinste unterirdische Teile zu ganzen Pflanzen heran. Obwohl sie hübsche, zarte, rund 4–5 cm große Trichterblüten besitzt, ist sie in Gärten, auf Feldern und Weinbergen nicht gerne gesehen, weil sie sich an Kultur- und Zierpflanzen emporrankt und mit ihrem eigenen raschen Wachstum deren Entwicklung hemmt. Sie ist ein lästiges Acker- und Gartenunkraut.
Außer auf Äckern findet man die Acker-Winde auf Wegen, Wiesen und Schuttplätzen. Sie gedeiht in Mitteleuropa auf frischen bis mäßig trockenen, nährstoff- und basenreichen, meist humusarmen Lehm- oder Tonböden.[1] Die Acker-Winde ist eine Charakterart des Convolvulo-Agropyretum aus dem Verband der Quecken-Halbtrockenrasen (Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis).[1]
Ursprünglich in Eurasien und Nordafrika beheimatet, kommt sie heute fast weltweit in den gemäßigten bis subtropischen Zonen vor.[2]
Convolvulus arvensis L. hat die Synonyme Convolvulus arvensis subsp. crispatus Franco und Convolvulus arvensis var. linearifolius Choisy[2]
Die Acker-Winde enthält in ihren Blättern Herz-Kreislauf-Glykoside und ist deshalb eine altbekannte Heilpflanze. Außerdem enthält die Pflanze psychoaktive Alkaloide, wie sie früher beispielsweise in „Hexensalben“ verwendet wurden.
Die Blüten bieten reichlich Nektar und Pollen für Bienen, Käfer und Schmetterlinge, insbesondere für den Windenschwärmer (Agrius convolvuli). Auch vom Vieh werden die Pflanzen als Bestandteil von Heu gerne gefressen. Für das Ackerwinden-Bunteulchen (Emmelia trabealis), einen stark spezialisierten Kleinschmetterling, sind die Blüten der Acker-Winde die einzige Raupennahrung. Die beiden heimischen Spiralhornbienen leben oligolektisch von der Acker-Winde.
Laut einer Kinderlegende der Brüder Grimm trank die Mutter Gottes aus der Blüte der Feldwinde einen Schluck Wein, indem sie es als Trinkglas benutzte. Daher kommt der Beiname Muttergottesgläschen.[3]
Für die Acker-Winde bestehen bzw. bestanden auch die weiteren deutschsprachigen Trivialnamen: Ackerwinde (Schlesien, Schweiz), Bedewinde (Schlesien), Erdwinde (Schlesien), Hergottkedelcher (Siebenbürgen), Kornwinde (Schlesien, Schweiz), Mittelwind, Pädewinde (Potsdam), Pathenwinde (Tübingen), Snerrkrut (Holstein, Fallersleben), Snirrkrut (Holstein, Fallersleben), Strumpfe (Österreich), Strupfe (Österreich), Teufelsdarm (Schlesien), Omspunnen Tüch (Helgoland), Wäwinde (Altmark), Waidach (Kärnten), Waen (Eifel bei Nürburg), Kleu Wedewinde (mittelniederdeutsch), Klen Wedewindeblom (mittelniederdeutsch), Klen Wedewindeglocken (mittelniederdeutsch), Weegbinn (Holstein), Wegewinne (Mecklenburg), Wewinne (Göttingen, Fallersleben), Wewinneke (Göttingen), Winda, Windel (Oberhessen), Kleine Winde (Schlesien), Weiß Winde und Windglöckchen (Schlesien).[4] Sie wird auch Windling oder Feldwinde genannt.
Die Acker-Winde (Convolvulus arvensis) ist eine in Europa weit verbreitete Pflanze aus der Familie der Windengewächse (Convolvulaceae).
Czeliszczi Matczi Bòsczi (Convolvulus arvensis L.) - wielelatnô roscëna z rodzëznë pòwijôczowatëch (Convolvulaceae Juss.). Òne roscą m. jin. na Kaszëbach.
Czeliszczi Matczi Bòsczi (Convolvulus arvensis L.) - wielelatnô roscëna z rodzëznë pòwijôczowatëch (Convolvulaceae Juss.). Òne roscą m. jin. na Kaszëbach.
Junaine (latin.: Convolvulus arvensis) om äivozne heinäsine kazmuz. Erik mülüb Junaiženvuiččed-sugukundha.
Kazmuz om levitadud Evrazijas, sidä kesken Evropas, Kavkazal, Sibiriš, Edahaižes Päivnouzmmas i Keskuzazijas. Invazivine erik Pohjoižamerikas, om todud sihe läz 1739 vot.
Ujelii jurišt sarakoičese. Junaižen seikh om kerdui hoik, sase 0,5..2 metrad pitte da sen enamba. Lehtesed kazdas 2..5 sm pitte. Vauktan vai ruskedvauvhan vižpalaižen änikon diametr oleleb 10..25 mm.
Sättub sötlemha maižanduzživatoid heinäl. Mülütab psihoaktivižid alkaloidid, ka Keskaigan ottihe junašt noidvoišken tehmižen aigan.
Junaine (latin.: Convolvulus arvensis) om äivozne heinäsine kazmuz. Erik mülüb Junaiženvuiččed-sugukundha.
Kazmuz om levitadud Evrazijas, sidä kesken Evropas, Kavkazal, Sibiriš, Edahaižes Päivnouzmmas i Keskuzazijas. Invazivine erik Pohjoižamerikas, om todud sihe läz 1739 vot.
Ujelii jurišt sarakoičese. Junaižen seikh om kerdui hoik, sase 0,5..2 metrad pitte da sen enamba. Lehtesed kazdas 2..5 sm pitte. Vauktan vai ruskedvauvhan vižpalaižen änikon diametr oleleb 10..25 mm.
Sättub sötlemha maižanduzživatoid heinäl. Mülütab psihoaktivižid alkaloidid, ka Keskaigan ottihe junašt noidvoišken tehmižen aigan.
't Pispotjen (Latien: Convolvulus arvensis, Nederlaans: akkerwinde) is een plaante uut de wiendefemilie (Convolvulaceae). 't Pispotjen kump veur op grezige plekken, bouwlaand, langes wegen en in de dunen. De stengels wienen zich tegen de wiezers van de klokke in um plaanten of veurwarpen hinne.
De bloeme is roze of wit en hef an de butenkaante donkerdere strepen. De bloemen hem een deursnee van 1,5 tot 3 centimeter. Der bin vuuf kelkblaojen mit ronde tanen. De bloemen hem een lekkere geur.
Een tot dree bloemen bleuien an een lange steel mit halverwegen twee schutblaojen. De bleuitied is van juni tot de harres.
De blaojen bin eierrond tot langwarpig en hem uutstaonde slippen an de voot. 't Pispotjen hef een onbehaoren deusvruch.
't Pispotjen (Latien: Convolvulus arvensis, Nederlaans: akkerwinde) is een plaante uut de wiendefemilie (Convolvulaceae). 't Pispotjen kump veur op grezige plekken, bouwlaand, langes wegen en in de dunen. De stengels wienen zich tegen de wiezers van de klokke in um plaanten of veurwarpen hinne.
Rolna pówitka (Convolvulus arvensis) jo rostlina ze swójźby pówitkowych rostlinow (Convolvulaceae).
Rolna pówitka jo trajne zele, kótarež dośěgnjo wusokosć wót 20 až do 80 cm.
Kijaški su śańke a dołojce lažece, lězece abo nalěwo wijuce.
Łopjena su wutšobojte až šypojte a 3 až 6 raz tak dłujke kaž šyroke. Wóni dośěgnu dłujkosć wót 3 až do 4 cm.
Kwiśo wót junija až do septembra. Kwiśonki su lejkojte, běłe abo rožojte a dośěgnu dłujkosć wót 1,5 až do 2,5 cm. Wóni sejźe na dłujkich wogonkach w łopjenowych rozporach.
Rosćo na rolach, winicach, w zagrodach, na wótpadkowych městnach, drogowych kšomach a pustych płoninach. Ma lubjej małohumozne zemje.
Rostlina jo w Europje rozšyrjona.
Rolna pówitka (Convolvulus arvensis) jo rostlina ze swójźby pówitkowych rostlinow (Convolvulaceae).
Vītoulė (da kėtap: vītoulis, vītorie, vītorė, vītoris, vėjuoklė, vėjuoklis, vėjūns, vėjorks, ruoželė, ruožėkė, luotīnėškā: Convolvulus arvensis) ī tuokis augals, žuolie vėjorkė.
Vītoulė ī vėins tonkiausiu Lietovuos vėjorkiu. Tasā augals daugiametis ī, anou stiombris so šešiuom briaunuom, ožaug lėgo 170 cm ėlgoma, vīniuojas ont kėtū augalū, štolpū, aug pažemiou, ont takū. Lapā ėšėlgi, šuoblės skvarmas, 2–5 cm ėlgoma. Žiedā būn balti, rūžavi, margi, gardē kvepa, 1,9–2,5 cm skersmenė.
Vītoulė ikīrė piktžuolė ī. Aug laukūs, daržūs, tīrūs, suodnūs, smėltīsė, ont saulietu šlātū. Vejas ont rogiū, agrastu, lėnū, agounu, avėžū ė kėtū augalū, anūs sotrauk, golda. Vītoulės sonkē ravietė, ba nēn atpintė nū kėtū žuoliū.
Vītoulės jied kiaulės, avis, bet dėdlis šmuots gal' būtė kap trocīzna.
De Wegewinne (Convolvulus arvensis) is en mehrjöhrige Plant ut de Familie vun de Winnen. Se kümmt vör up Grasland, Boland, langs de Wege un up Dünen. Unner de Eer wasst en dicht Wuddelwarks. Dor kaamt jummers wedder nee Spraten vun tostanne, ok, wenn de Plant över de Eer utreten warrt. De Stengels winnt sik gegen den Wieser vun de Klock um Saken hen. Ofschoonst de Blomen smuck an to kieken sünd, will numms jem geern up'n Acker hebben, vunwegen datt de Wegewinne an Kulturplanten hoochklimmen deit un düsse bi dat Wassen stöört. Wenn dat för de Plant goot steiht, bruukt de Wegewinne bloß man 1,5 Stunnen, bit de Toppen vun en Spraat 3 cm in'n Krink wussen sünd.
De Blöte is rosa oder witt un hett an de Butenkant wat düstere Striepen. De Döörsnitt vun de Blöte is vun 1,5 cm bit 3 cm groot. De Blöte besteiht ut fiev Kroonblöer mit en rund Enn. Se röökt goot. Een bit dree Blöten bleiht an en langen Stengel. In de Midden vun den Stengel sitt twee Blöer an. Bleihen doot de Wegewinnen vun Juni bit to'n Harfst. Dat Veeh mag de Planten ganz geern freten.
In'n Tuun gifft dat hüdigendags faken de Rickelwinn. De sütt meist akraat so ut, as de Wegewinne, bloß dat se man wat gröttere Blöten hett. De sünd ok witt un nich rosa.
Fröher hett dat de Wegewinne bloß man in Europa geven. Hüdigendags is se meist in all Länner vun'e Welt insleept wurrn.
In de plattdüütschen Gemarken hett düsse Plant ganz verschedene Naams:
Wegewinnen
Blomen in'e Düün
. Mehr Biller, Videos oder Audiodateien to’t Thema gifft dat bi Wikimedia Commons. De Wegewinne (Convolvulus arvensis) is en mehrjöhrige Plant ut de Familie vun de Winnen. Se kümmt vör up Grasland, Boland, langs de Wege un up Dünen. Unner de Eer wasst en dicht Wuddelwarks. Dor kaamt jummers wedder nee Spraten vun tostanne, ok, wenn de Plant över de Eer utreten warrt. De Stengels winnt sik gegen den Wieser vun de Klock um Saken hen. Ofschoonst de Blomen smuck an to kieken sünd, will numms jem geern up'n Acker hebben, vunwegen datt de Wegewinne an Kulturplanten hoochklimmen deit un düsse bi dat Wassen stöört. Wenn dat för de Plant goot steiht, bruukt de Wegewinne bloß man 1,5 Stunnen, bit de Toppen vun en Spraat 3 cm in'n Krink wussen sünd.
De Blöte is rosa oder witt un hett an de Butenkant wat düstere Striepen. De Döörsnitt vun de Blöte is vun 1,5 cm bit 3 cm groot. De Blöte besteiht ut fiev Kroonblöer mit en rund Enn. Se röökt goot. Een bit dree Blöten bleiht an en langen Stengel. In de Midden vun den Stengel sitt twee Blöer an. Bleihen doot de Wegewinnen vun Juni bit to'n Harfst. Dat Veeh mag de Planten ganz geern freten.
Печак, ашақа, лаблоб (лот. Convōlvulus arvēnsis) — рустаниест аз хонадони печакиҳо. Печак гиёҳи печандаи бисёрсола аст. Растании доруворӣ. Дар илми тиб истифода бурда мешавад.
Ин гиёҳ қариб, ки дар ҳама ҷо — дар киштзорҳо (ҳамчун гиёҳи бегона ва зиёновар), кӯҳу дашт, қад-қади роҳҳо ва ҷӯйборҳо вомехӯрад. Гули хушбӯйи карнаймонанди пайвастабаргаш ранги сафед ё гулобӣ дорад. Миёни мардуми авом печак ҳамчун воситаи хунбанд ва таскинбахши ҷароҳатҳо ба кор меравад. Печак ғизои беҳтарини бузу гӯсфанд аст, вале барои чорвои калон, ба вижа асп, заҳролудкунандаву исҳоловар аст. Акнун ба «Канзи шифо»-и Ҳомидҷон Зоҳидов муроҷиат мекунем. Печак — ин гиёҳест, ки ҳар чӣ наздикаш бошад, ба он мепечад. Намудаш гуногун: сафед, сурх, зард ва бунафш аст. Тухмаш дар ғилофи сиёҳи моил ба сурхӣ ва қисме аз он бесамар мебошад. Биёраи ҳамаи навъҳои печак ширдор аст. Беҳтарини печакҳо қисми майдаи он аст. Мизоҷи навъи калони он мураккаб-ул-қувват, Ҷолинус дар дараҷаи дуввум сард ва хушк гуфтааст, вале табиб Юҳано бинни Мосавия гарм донистааст.
• инро бихӯранд, гиреҳҳои баданро мекушояд, дарунро мулоим мекунад, исҳол меоварад. Агар инро дар об биҷӯшонанд, қуввати гиреҳкушояш зиёда, вале дар овардани исҳол заиф мегардад бинобар он ки рутубатҳояш дар вақти ҷӯшондан таҳлил меёбанд. Аммо оби фишурдаи он акси ин хосиятро дорад. • Оби гиёҳи тару тозаи онро бо решаи савсани кӯҳӣ, натрун (танакори арманӣ) ва асал даромехта, дар бинӣ бирезанд, дарди сари кӯҳнаро шифо мебахшад. • Усораи онро, яъне оби гиёҳи тару тозаи онро дар офтоб ғафс гардонида, бо равғани зайтун даромехта чаконанд ва ё пахтаро ба он олонда дар гӯш гузоранд, дарди гӯшро таскин медиҳад ва даруни онро аз чирк пок мегардонад. • Барги печаки калони навъи сафеди онро биёшоманд, дарди сар, бемориҳои узвҳои даруни сина ва шушро шифо мебахшад, инчунин гиреҳи ҷигарро мекушояд. Агар обашро бинӯшанд, сурфаеро, ки аз баста шудани дарун мегирифта бошад ва кулинҷи аз моддаи гарм баамаломадаро дафъ мекунад, сафрои сӯхтаро бо воситаи исҳол аз бадан меронад. • 10,5 грамм гулашро кӯфта бихӯранд, захми рӯдаҳоро шифо мебахшад. • Барги тарашро бо сирко пухта гузошта банданд, дарди сипурзро дафъ мекунад. • Гули қисми печаки бесамарро бихӯранд ё кӯфтаи онро занҳо аз таг бардоранд, ҳайзро равон мегардонад. Агар онро сӯхта, занҳо баъд аз пок шудан аз ҳайз дудашро ба поёни шикам ва миёни пойҳои худ бигиранд, ҳомила шуданро манъ мекунад. • Баргашро кӯфта, бо асал сиришта, занҳо аз таг бардоранд, ҳайзи бандшударо равон мекунад. Бо оби баргаш занҳо андоми шарм ва даруни онро бишӯянд, бадбӯйии даруни бачадонро дафъ мекунад. • Оби барги тари печаки сафеди калонро бимоланд, варамҳои гарми буғумҳоро таҳлил медиҳад, пучак ва чиртакҳоро мекафонад. • Барги тари онро дар равған пухта гузошта банданд, варамҳоро таҳлил ва дардҳоро таскин медиҳад, мондагиро дафъ месозад, вале нопухтаи онро кӯфта гузошта банданд, ҷароҳатҳои калон ва сӯхтагии оташро шифо мебахшад. • Усораи онро, яъне оби онро, ки дар офтоб ғафс гардонда бошанд, бо мумравған сиришта гузошта банданд, низ сӯхтагии оташро сиҳат мекунад. • Қисми сиёҳи онро, яъне печаки гулаш бунафшро кӯфта гузошта банданд, захмҳои хабисаро (злокачественные язвы) шифо мебахшад. • Барги қисми бесамари онро пухта гузошта банданд, ҷароҳатҳои бадфиол ва раддиро ба ҳам оварда, сиҳат мебахшад ва сӯхтагии оташро ба ибро меоварад. • Усораи печаки сиёҳро ба мӯй бимоланд, онро сиёҳ мекунад. • Қисми печаки бесамарро кӯфта, бо шароб сиришта гузошта банданд, газидани ғундаро даво мешавад. Мизоҷи қисми ПЕЧАКИ КАЛОН, ки баргаш моил ба сиёҳӣ, дароз ва шахшӯл мебошад, хунук ва хушк аст. ХИСЛАТҲОИ ШИФОБАХШИ ОН: • агар инро бихӯранд, дарди узвҳои даруни сина, сурфа, бемориҳои сипурз, кулинҷ ва табҳои кӯҳнаро шифо мебахшад. • 75 грамм оби гиёҳи тари онро бо 35 грамм гули сурх бихӯранд, хунравиро аз ҳар як узве, ки бошад, қатъ мекунад. • Гиёҳи тари онро кӯфта гузошта банданд, ҷароҳатҳоро ба ҳам оварда сиҳат мебахшад, вале агар хушкашро кӯфта гузошта банданд, захмҳоро хушк ва захмҳои хабисаро дафъ мекунад. Ҳамаи навъҳои печак ҳангоми хӯрдан ба асаб, сар ва хичак зарар дорад. Давои ин намуди зарари он набот хӯрдан аст. Инчунин ҳомила шудани занонро ҳам манъ мекунад, ҳайзро низ қатъ месозад. Миқдори як бор нӯшидан аз оби он дар як рӯз аз 25 то 100 грамм аст ба шарте, ки онро наҷӯшонида бо набот биёшоманд. Мизоҷи ПЕЧАКҲОИ МАЙДА қариб монанди печаки калон аст, яъне мураккаб-ул-қувват мебошад.
Миқдори як бор нӯшидан аз оби ин гиёҳ дар як рӯз: 150 грамм бо 75 грамм набот бояд биёшоманд. Ба ҷойи ин оби барги гули хайрӣ ва оби тугмачагулро бинӯшанд, раво мебошад.
Печак, ашақа, лаблоб (лот. Convōlvulus arvēnsis) — рустаниест аз хонадони печакиҳо. Печак гиёҳи печандаи бисёрсола аст. Растании доруворӣ. Дар илми тиб истифода бурда мешавад.
Полска повивка (лат. Convolvulus arvensis) е вид на повивка која расте во Европа и Азија. Ова е повеќегодишно зелјесто растение кое расте од 0.5-2 m во висина. Листовите му се спирално подредени, линерани до стрелести, со должина од 2-5 cm, со дршки од 1-3 см. Цветовите му се во облик на труба, со пречник од 1-2,5 см, бели или светло розови, со пет малку потемно розеви радијални пруги.
Постојат два вариетета:
Иако дава убави цветови, повивката се смета за непожелно растение и коров заради нејзиниот забрзан раст и со тоа ги гуши сите останати растенија. Ова растение е донесено во Северна Америка, каде претставува инвазивен вид во некои подрачја. Таму расте во густи покривки и навлегува во полињата, со тоа намалувајќи го приносот; само во 1998 ова растение направило штета на американското земјоделство во износ од $377 милиони. [1]
Полска повивка (лат. Convolvulus arvensis) е вид на повивка која расте во Европа и Азија. Ова е повеќегодишно зелјесто растение кое расте од 0.5-2 m во висина. Листовите му се спирално подредени, линерани до стрелести, со должина од 2-5 cm, со дршки од 1-3 см. Цветовите му се во облик на труба, со пречник од 1-2,5 см, бели или светло розови, со пет малку потемно розеви радијални пруги.
Постојат два вариетета:
Convolvulus arvensis сорт. arvensis. Пошироки листови. Convolvulus arvensis сорт. linearifolius. Потесни листови.Иако дава убави цветови, повивката се смета за непожелно растение и коров заради нејзиниот забрзан раст и со тоа ги гуши сите останати растенија. Ова растение е донесено во Северна Америка, каде претставува инвазивен вид во некои подрачја. Таму расте во густи покривки и навлегува во полињата, со тоа намалувајќи го приносот; само во 1998 ова растение направило штета на американското земјоделство во износ од $377 милиони.
Шееронь карькс паксянь – Convolvulus arvensis – ламакизонь тишень кондям касы, лувондови шееронь карьксоннетнеди – Convolvulaceae. Касы сембе вастова, апак лувонтт Крайняй Северть. Рузкс тенза мярьрихть вьюнок, березка, берестень, тянучка. Тишесь кувака (васетькшевихть фкя метрань кувалмоса), ацаф модать лангса или ашкотф лия тишетненди. Лопанза кувака пильгоня лангсот, сянгярят. Видьмонза ёмлат равжет. Панчфонза оцюфт, акша или инезиаза-акша тюсса. Шееронь карькссь касы паксява соронь тишекс, перева, коське лугава, лоткова[1]..
Шееронь карькс паксянь – Convolvulus arvensis – ламакизонь тишень кондям касы, лувондови шееронь карьксоннетнеди – Convolvulaceae. Касы сембе вастова, апак лувонтт Крайняй Северть. Рузкс тенза мярьрихть вьюнок, березка, берестень, тянучка. Тишесь кувака (васетькшевихть фкя метрань кувалмоса), ацаф модать лангса или ашкотф лия тишетненди. Лопанза кувака пильгоня лангсот, сянгярят. Видьмонза ёмлат равжет. Панчфонза оцюфт, акша или инезиаза-акша тюсса. Шееронь карькссь касы паксява соронь тишекс, перева, коське лугава, лоткова..
हिरनखुरी (वैज्ञानिक नाम : कानओलबूलस आर्वेन्सिस / Convolvulus arvensis) खरपतवार की एक जाति है जो एशिया एवं यूरोप का मूलवाली है। यह पसरने या चढ़ने वाली शाकभक्षी (herbaceous) लता है जो 0.5-2 मीटर ऊंची होती है। यह गेहूँ इत्यादि में उगती है।
यह बेलदार पौधा जमीन पर फैलता है एवं नमीदार भूमि में नालियों आदि में फैलता है । इसका साग(घुटी हुई एक प्रकार की भारतीय भाजी) भी गामों (villages) में बनाकर बाजरे एवं धान की रोटी से खाया जाता है , यह बहुतायत में बरसात के मौसम में पनपती है ।
हिरनखुरी (वैज्ञानिक नाम : कानओलबूलस आर्वेन्सिस / Convolvulus arvensis) खरपतवार की एक जाति है जो एशिया एवं यूरोप का मूलवाली है। यह पसरने या चढ़ने वाली शाकभक्षी (herbaceous) लता है जो 0.5-2 मीटर ऊंची होती है। यह गेहूँ इत्यादि में उगती है।
यह बेलदार पौधा जमीन पर फैलता है एवं नमीदार भूमि में नालियों आदि में फैलता है । इसका साग(घुटी हुई एक प्रकार की भारतीय भाजी) भी गामों (villages) में बनाकर बाजरे एवं धान की रोटी से खाया जाता है , यह बहुतायत में बरसात के मौसम में पनपती है ।
I córzoj (Sing. córzoól) i én d'èrbi dal gènòr Convolvulus(L., 1753), un gènór con doseént-sinquanta sòrti'd pianti chi fan pärta'd la famija dil Convolvulaceae. Con la paróla córzoól in gènór a s'inténda la sòrta Convolvulus arvensis ch'in Itâlija l'é difusa dapartùt, tant in t'la piana cme in t'il montagni.
Al córzoól l'é una piânta rampicanta c'la pol gnir longa anca pù'd du metòr. La fa di risòma bón d'arbuteèr tant c'me col ed la gramìgna e di fioór bianc chi polén tendór al rosiólén.
Al Convolvulus arvensis al fiorisà da Avrîl a Òtòbar e l'é considerè un'infestânta in t'il colturi ed fórmént e'd mélgón.
Convolvulus arvensis var. arvensis col foij lärghi e Convolvulus arvensis var. linearifolius col foij pù strichì.
I córzoj (Sing. córzoól) i én d'èrbi dal gènòr Convolvulus(L., 1753), un gènór con doseént-sinquanta sòrti'd pianti chi fan pärta'd la famija dil Convolvulaceae. Con la paróla córzoól in gènór a s'inténda la sòrta Convolvulus arvensis ch'in Itâlija l'é difusa dapartùt, tant in t'la piana cme in t'il montagni.
Convolvulus arvensis, the field bindweed, is a species of bindweed that is rhizomatous and is in the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae),[1] native to Europe and Asia. It is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant with stems growing to 0.5–2 metres (1.6–6.6 ft) in length, usually found at ground level, with small, white and pink flowers.
Other common names, mostly obsolete, include lesser bindweed, European bindweed, withy wind (in basket willow crops), perennial morning glory, small-flowered morning glory, creeping jenny, and possession vine.
This plant first gained its scientific name in 1753, when it was described by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum. In the centuries afterwards it gained many subspecies and varieties across its vast range, as well as synonyms as purportedly new species were described from places like China, Russia, Egypt or Morocco. New species and forms were even described from areas like Chile, Mexico and California when botanists encountered the plant there,[2][3] although it is not native to these areas.[2]
In the ninth volume of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle's Prodromus, published in 1845, Jacques Denys Choisy reduced a number of these synonyms to ten varieties of Convolvulus arvensis,[4] although he also recognised a number of species now also reduced to synonyms of C. arvensis.[2][3] Over time, most or all of these species and varieties were no longer recognised by the relevant authorities.[5]
In the 2009 Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, Peter Derek Sell described nine new forms he believed he had discovered in Cambridgeshire, especially along Fen Road in the village of Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth. The incredible bindweed biodiversity of Bassingbourn cum Kneesworth was not deemed credible by subsequent taxonomists, however, and the species is currently considered to be monotypic by most authorities.[2][3]
Convolvulus arvensis is a perennial vine. It will climb to some one metre high. Underground the vine produces more or less woody rhizomes,[5] from which it re-sprouts in the spring, or when the above ground vines are removed.
The leaves are spirally arranged, linear to arrowhead-shaped, 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long and alternate, with a 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 1–2.5 cm (0.39–0.98 in) diameter, white or pale pink, with five slightly darker pink radial stripes. Flowering occurs in the mid-summer,[6] (in the UK, between June and September,[7]) when white to pale pink, funnel-shaped flowers develop. Flowers are approximately 0.75–1 in (1.9–2.5 cm) across and are subtended by small bracts. Fruit are light brown, rounded and 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) wide. Each fruit contains 2 or 4 seeds that are eaten by birds and can remain viable in the soil for decades. The stems climb by twisting around other plant stems in a counter-clockwise direction.[6]
Convolvulus arvensis can be confused with a number of similar weed species. Key traits are the small flowers often crowded together, and two sharp, backwards-pointed lobes at the base of the usually arrow-shaped leaf ending in a sharp apex.[8] Juvenile stems exude a milky sap when broken.[9]
In China, the most similar and only other vinaceous Convolvulus species is C. steppicola (most of the Convolvulus species are shrubs or herbaceous perennials),[10] however this species has a thick woody rootstock, almost no petioles, and only grows in northern Yunnan,[10][11] where C. arvensis is absent.[5]
Plants are typically found inhabiting farmland,[5][7][12] waste places,[5][7][13] along roads,[5][12][13] in pastures,[12][13] grassy slopes,[5] and also along streams in North America.[12] It is able to colonise hot asphalt surface by covering it from the sides of roads, and worm its way between pavement stones.[7] It grows from 600 to 4,500 metres (2,000 to 14,800 ft) in altitude in China, and is absent from the warmer southern provinces.[5] It prefers dry areas with humus-poor, nutrient-rich and alkaline soils. It is a characteristic species in the phytosociological vegetation association Convolvulo-Agropyretum, belonging to the couch grass dry grasslands alliance (called Convolvulo-Agropyrion repentis in syntaxonomy).[13]
Like the other Convolvulus bindweeds of Eurasia, it is specifically pollinated by sweat bees in the genus Systropha. These are specialists (oligolectic) feeding upon the flowers of these plants, possessing unusual modifications of the scopa, such that almost the entire abdomen (including the dorsal surface) is used for carrying pollen, rather than the legs, as in most bees.[14] Species of Systropha in central Europe (such as S. curvicornis and S. planidens, both uncommon bees) are essentially entirely dependent upon C. arvensis. Although both species specialise on the same plant species, S. curvicornis is a habitat generalist while S. planidens is only found in steppe habitats,[15] although they are also found occurring together. The males of both species claim territories consisting of a patch of bindweed flowers, perching on the flowers in the afternoon after a regular patrol of their little patch for errant conspecific males, which, upon countenance, they proceed to attack the intruder by ramming him from the air with a specialised protuberance on their lower abdomen. Sometimes bumblebees, honey bees or other insects are air-bombed, but never rammed. The males retreat inside the flower after the perching session, as it closes in the late afternoon, spending the night inside the flower and escaping at dawn before or after it fully closes (the females stay in underground tunnel nests). The males only land on flowers (sometimes of other plants), eschewing other perches, and feed on the nectar. Females forage for nectar and pollen in the morning and early afternoon while flowers stay open. Most copulation occurs in bindweed flowers: when a virgin female wanders into their patch, and the larger males find them busy at one of their flowers during morning patrol, the males pounce upon them without ado and immediately establish contact with their mutual genitalia, getting the job done on average 90 seconds later.[16] These species are themselves specifically parasitised upon by the cuckoo bee Biastes brevicornis.[17]
Outside its native range, field bindweed does not appear to be a significant threat to natural habitats. It primarily requires disturbed ground (agricultural land),[18][19] and is easily shaded out by taller shrubs and trees. It may dominate the ground flora in some low quality, open grassland areas, however.[18] In North America it can become the or a co-dominant plant in specific habitats: the low vegetation found around vernal pools in Sacramento County, and around large pools in Tehama County, California; riparian corridors in Wyoming and Colorado; aspen stands and mountain-mahogany (Cercocarpus spp.) shrubland/grassland in Colorado; and disturbed riverbank areas in the Montreal area of Canada.[19] In some nature parks, it is commonly found in areas of disturbed soil, such as camp grounds or around horse corrals in California. Similarly, the report of its invasive character from Colorado is from former agricultural land being restored to a more natural state by The Nature Conservancy. Employees for the same organisation also reported that it was a significant weed on an irrigated plot of farmland in northern Idaho where native bunchgrass and forbs were cultivated, insofar that it caused "decreasing biodiversity" on the land.[19]
It is thought to have little effect on native fauna, although it may sometime be eaten by farm livestock. It may cause photosensitisation in susceptible animals. There is a report of its roots (rhizomes) being possibly poisonous to pigs.[18][19] and the alkaloids it contains may be poisonous to horses in sufficient amounts.[20] There are also reports of it being eaten by sheep and pigs to control it without reported problems.[19]
Bindweed contains several alkaloids which are toxic for mice, including pseudotropine, and lesser amounts of tropine, tropinone, and meso-cuscohygrine.[21]
Although it produces attractive flowers, it is often unwelcome in gardens as a nuisance weed due to its rapid growth and choking of cultivated plants. It was most likely introduced into North America as a contaminant in crop seed as early as 1739, and became an invasive species. Its dense mats invade agricultural fields and reduce crop yields; it is estimated that crop losses due to this plant in the United States exceeded US$377 million in the year 1998 alone.[12] It is one of the most serious weeds of agricultural fields in many temperate regions of the US.[22]
Bindweed is difficult to eliminate. Roots may extend as far as 9 feet (2.7 m) deep, according to one source,[9] or 30 feet (9.1 m), according to another.[23] New plants may sprout from seeds that are up to 20 years old.[24] New plants can also form from root runners[23] and root fragments.[9]
Methods for controlling bindweed include:
In one of the tales collected by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Our Lady's Little Glass, this flower is used by Mary, mother of Jesus, to drink wine with when she helps free a wagoner's cart. The story goes on to say that "the little flower is still always called Our Lady's Little Glass".[27]
Convolvulus arvensis, the field bindweed, is a species of bindweed that is rhizomatous and is in the morning glory family (Convolvulaceae), native to Europe and Asia. It is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant with stems growing to 0.5–2 metres (1.6–6.6 ft) in length, usually found at ground level, with small, white and pink flowers.
Other common names, mostly obsolete, include lesser bindweed, European bindweed, withy wind (in basket willow crops), perennial morning glory, small-flowered morning glory, creeping jenny, and possession vine.
La agra konvolvulo (Convolvulus arvensis) estas planto el la familio de (Konvolvulacoj). Ĝi troviĝas sur herboriĉaj lokoj, kulturkampoj, laŭlonge de vojoj kaj en la dunoj. La tigoj volviĝas kontraŭ-horloĝdirekten ĉirkaŭ objektoj.
La floro estas rozkolora aŭ blanka kaj havas malhelajn striojn je la ekstera flanko. La floroj havas diametron de 1,5 ĝis 3 cm. Estas kvin sepaloj kun rondaj dentoj. La floroj bonodoras. Unu ĝis tri floroj floras sur longa tigo kun duonvoje du brakteoj. En Eŭropo la florado daŭras de junio ĝis la aŭtuno.
La konvolvulo havas senharan kapsulon.
La folioj estas ovalaj ĝis oblongaj kaj havas elstarajn baskojn ĉe la piedo.
Convolvulus arvensis L. (correhuela o cahiruela) es una especie de planta trepadora del género Convolvulus, familia Convolvulaceae, nativa de Europa y Asia.
Aunque son nativas de Europa y la zona templada de Asia, se han naturalizado en otras zonas del mundo.
Ha sido introducida en Norteamérica, donde está considerada como especie invasora en algunas áreas.
Es una planta perenne herbácea rastrera y trepadora que se desarrolla hasta una altura de 0,5 a 2 metros. Sus hojas se distribuyen en espiral, son lineares con forma terminal de punta de flecha, de unos 2 a 5 centímetros de largo, con un peciolo de 1 a 3 cm. Las flores con forma de trompeta, con un diámetro de 1 a 2,5 cm, de color rosa pálido o blanco, con cinco rayas radiales rosadas levemente más oscuras.
Aunque produce flores atractivas, es a menudo una planta molesta en los jardines considerada como una mala hierba debido a su crecimiento y que pueden estrangular rápidamente a otras plantas cultivadas.
Ocupa muy fácilmente grandes superficies y se enreda a las plantas debilitándolas ya que les hace la competencia por la luz, el agua y los nutrientes. Cuando se ha desarrollado plenamente, la gran masa de tallos y de hojas puede dificultar o impedir la recolección mecánica. La correhuela es muy propensa a ser infectada por el hongo del oídio.
Es difícil de eliminar por medios mecánicos de labranza porque aunque se eliminen las partes aéreas de los tallos tiene muchas y profundas raíces de las que la correhuela vuelve a rebrotar.
Los herbicidas que se pueden emplear son los de tipo sistémico que son absorbidos por las hojas y actúan sobre las raíces.
Convolvulus arvensis fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 153. 1753.[1]
Convolvulus: nombre genérico que procede del latín convolvere, que significa "enredar".[2]
arvensis: epíteto que procede del latín arva, que significa "campo de labranza", es decir, que se trata de una especie que aparece en campos cultivados.
Altabaquillo, campanica, campanilla, campanilla de pobre, campanilla de pobres, campanilla pobre, campanillas, campanilla silvestre, campanuzas, campánula menor, carihuela, carregüela, carrehuela, carreuela, carrigüela, carrigüela fina, carrihuela, carrijuela, cerrihuela, cornihuela, cornijuela, corrayuela, corredora, corregüela, corregüela menor, correguela, correhuela, correhuela de los campos, correhuela menor, correjuela, correvuela, correyuela, corribuela, corrigüela, corrigüela borde, corrigüela fina, corrigüela muerta, corrigüela viva, corriguala, corrihuela, corriola, corriola blanca, corrivuela, corriyuela, corroyuela, corrugüelas, corruhuela, corruviela, corruyuela, curriol, currujuela, curruyuela, enredadera, enredadera de los campos, enredadera, escarigüela, escarrigüelo, escoriegüela, escorigüela, escorrigüela, garrotilla, garrotillo, gorrotilla, guniolas, hiedra de lagarto, hilandera, hilanderas, marañuela, maroma, panes, raízdecilla, torregüela, trababedarri de las piezas, yerba del muro, zaramalla.[4]
Convolvulus arvensis, Dehesa Boyal de Puertollano
Frutos y semillas.
Datos: Q111346
Multimedia:
Especies: Convolvulus arvensis
Convolvulus arvensis L. (correhuela o cahiruela) es una especie de planta trepadora del género Convolvulus, familia Convolvulaceae, nativa de Europa y Asia.
See artikkel räägib liigist; perekonna kohta vaata artiklit Kassitapp (perekond) Harilik kassitapp (Convolvulus arvensis) on kassitapuliste sugukonda kuuluv mitmeaastane rohttaim.
Kassitapp kasvab pärismaisena Euroopas ja Aasias. Eestis on ta tavaline.
Taim eelistab kuivemat savikat või liivast pinnast. Ta on levinud umbrohi aedades ja põldudel.
Taim kasvab 0,5–1,5 meetri kõrguseks. Ta on väänduva roomava või roniva varrega taim.
Lehed kinnituvad varrele vaheldumisi. 2–6 cm pikkused lihtlehed on terveservalised.
Taime juured ulatuvad väga sügavale ja moodustavad harunenud võrgustiku. Juba esimese paari elukuuga suudab juurestik tungida kuni meetri sügavuseni, soodsatel tingimustel võib kasvada see kolme ja isegi viie meetri sügavusele.
Kassitapp õitseb juunist septembrini. Õis on lehterja kujuga, valge kuni õrnroosa, kuni 3,5 cm läbimõõduga. Taim on putuktolmleja.
Vili on umbes 6 mm pikkune kupar.
Taim paljuneb peamiselt maa-aluste võsundite abil, vähem seemnetega.
Harilik kassitapp (Convolvulus arvensis) on kassitapuliste sugukonda kuuluv mitmeaastane rohttaim.
Ezkerte beltza edo biurda (Convolvulus arvensis) Europa eta Asiako espezie igokari eta herrestaria da jatorriz. Askotan belar txartzat hartzen da, erraz eta erruz zabaldu egiten delako. Beste landareen gainera igo eta ito egiten ditu. Horretaz gain, errizoma luze batetik sustraiak nonahi botatzen dituenez eremu zabalak hartzen ditu aise eta oso zaila izaten da erauztea.
Ezkerte beltza landare belarkara eta bizikorra da, 0,5-2 m arteko luze. Hosto bakunak ditu, espiralean jarrita daudenak. Hauek peziolatuak dira, gezi-formakoak nahiz triangeluarrak, osoak edo ia osoak, 2-5 cm luze, 1-3 cm-ko txorten batekin.
Uda betean loratzen da eta ematen dituen loreak turuta-formakoak dira, oso erregularrak, 1 eta 2,5 cm arteko diametrokoak, arrosa argiak edo zuriak, ilunagoak diren bost marra erradialekin. Fruitu marroi argiak ematen ditu, biribilduak, ilegabeak, bina hazi dituztenak. Hegaztiek jaten dituzte eta urtetan ernagarri iraun ahal dute lurrean.
Errizoma herrestaria; zurtoinak, berriz, birakariak, 2 m-ko garaiera har dezaketena.
Lore ederrak ematen baditu ere, sastraka kaltegarria izaten da sarritan lorategi eta baratzetan, azkar hazi eta beste landareei kiribiltzen zaielako hauei gaina hartu arte. Horrela, argia, ura eta nutrienteak lortzeko lehian, landatutako landareak eta bestelako landareria ahuldu eta galtzen ditu. Ipar Amerikan, esate baterako, 1739an jada sartua zen laborantzarako landareen haziekin nahasturik eta egun espezie inbaditzailetzat jotzen da.
Ezkerte beltza zaila izaten da erauztea, haziek 20 urte ere ernagarri iraun dezakete lurrean eta landare batek 500 hazi eman ditzake. Sustrai sakonek karbohidratoak eta proteinak metatzen dituzte eta horrek behin eta berriro ernatzea ahalbidetzen du pujak erauzi ondoren. Tapiz trinkoak eratzen ditu eta hauek laborantza-alorrak hartzen dituzte laborantzaren etekinak murriztuz. Esate baterako, 1998an Estatu Batuetan landare honek uztaroan eragin zituen galerak 377 miloi dolar baino gehiago balioztatu zituzten. Sortu ere arazo handiak sortzen ditu ibai-ertzak lehenengoratzen egiten diren saioetan, landare lastodunak eta ihidiak itotzen dituelako eta ondorioz, habitat bateko biodibertsitatea murrizten du.
Bide bazterrak, soroak, larreak eta lur mugituak.
Zertxobait toxiko da abereentzat.
Ziurda, txildurka, biurda, belarlatz, sapabelarra, kanpantxila-belar, kanpantxilar, pipila, lurruntza, lurruntze txiki,txurrutx, txurrusta-belar, lehuntz, pipalore, amabirgin atorra, birunga, hedetxo, kentidonia, odolbelar,
Ezkerte beltza edo biurda (Convolvulus arvensis) Europa eta Asiako espezie igokari eta herrestaria da jatorriz. Askotan belar txartzat hartzen da, erraz eta erruz zabaldu egiten delako. Beste landareen gainera igo eta ito egiten ditu. Horretaz gain, errizoma luze batetik sustraiak nonahi botatzen dituenez eremu zabalak hartzen ditu aise eta oso zaila izaten da erauztea.
Peltokierto (Convolvulus arvensis) on kiertokasvien heimoon kuuluva ruohokasvi, jota tavataan yleisesti Euraasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa. Puutarhoissa ja viljelyksillä laji on erittäin hankalasti torjuttava rikkaruoho.
Monivuotinen peltokierto kasvattaa 30–80 cm pitkän, köynneliään ja rennon varren. Kasvi on tavallisesti kalju. Lehdet sijaitsevat varressa kierteisesti ja ovat ruodillisia, pitkulaisia tai joskus kapeita, keihästyvisiä ja ehytlaitaisia. Valkoiset tai vaaleanpunaiset kukat ovat lehtihangoissa yksittäin tai kolmittain. Kukan teriöt ovat noin kaksi senttiä leveitä ja suppilomaisia. Kukkien pienet ja kapeat esilehdet ovat kukkaperän puolivälissä. Suomessa peltokierto kukkii heinä–elokuussa.[1]
Peltokierto kasvattaa hyvin laajan ja usean metrin syvyydelle ulottuvan juurakon. Se leviää helposti pienistäkin juurenkappaleista, mikä tekee siitä erittäin vaikeasti torjuttavan rikkaruohon.[2][3]
Peltokiertoa tavataan koko Euroopassa lukuun ottamatta Islantia ja mantereen pohjoisosia. Yhtenäinen levinnäisyysalue ulottuu Pohjois-Afrikasta läpi Euroopan Keski-Aasiaan ja Etelä-Siperiaan saakka. Ihmisen mukana laji on levinnyt laajalle Pohjois-Amerikkaan sekä mm. Australiaan ja Uuteen-Seelantiin.[2] Suomessa peltokierto on levinneisyytensä pohjoisrajoilla. Lajia tavataan satunnaisesti lähinnä asutuskeskuksissa Oulun korkeudelle saakka.[4] Suomessa peltokierto on tulokaslaji, joka on levinnyt maahan mm. satamien painolastimaiden tai Venäjältä tuodun viljan ja rehun mukana.[3][5]
Peltokierto on kulttuuriympäristön kasvi, jota tavataan pihoilla, puutarhoissa, kaupungeissa, tien- ja radanvarsilla, satamissa, joutomailla sekä vanhoilla kasarmi- ja linnoituspaikoilla.[1] Kasvi tukeutuu mielellään tiukalla kierteellä muihin kasveihin. Tuen puuttuessa se kasvaa maan pintaa myöten.[3]
Peltokierto (Convolvulus arvensis) on kiertokasvien heimoon kuuluva ruohokasvi, jota tavataan yleisesti Euraasiassa ja Pohjois-Amerikassa. Puutarhoissa ja viljelyksillä laji on erittäin hankalasti torjuttava rikkaruoho.
Convolvulus arvensis
Le Liseron des champs (Convolvulus arvensis) est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Convolvulacées.
L'espèce Convolvulus arvensis a été décrite par le naturaliste suédois Carl von Linné en 1753[4].
Le Liseron des champs est vulgairement dénommé Petit liset, Campanette, vrillée, clochette champêtre, robe de la Vierge[5].
Il existe pour cette espèce de très nombreux synonymes [6]:
C'est une plante vivace rampante ou grimpante, atteignant 2 mètres au maximum. Les feuilles sont alternes, oblongues, pétiolées et sagittées. Les fleurs sont solitaires, éphémères (elles ne sont ouvertes souvent qu'une journée), blanches ou roses rayées de blanc, et faiblement parfumées. Les fruits sont des capsules arrondies. On trouve le liseron des champs en terrains cultivés ou vagues, dans les gazons tondus à ras et au bord des chemins et des routes[7].
C'est une adventice qui peut entrer en compétition pour la lumière avec les plantes qu'elle prend pour support. Elle se propage rapidement par voie aérienne via la dissémination de ses graines par les oiseaux.[réf. souhaitée]
Elle est cependant utilisée en jardinage écologique pour attirer les syrphes et limiter ainsi les populations de pucerons.[réf. souhaitée] Les liserons sont par leur racine un des moyens de maintenir les bonnes mycorhizes dans les parcelles potagères pendant l'hiver, le labour et le sol nu stérilisant le lieu.
En herboristerie, le Liseron des champs est utilisé pour ses propriétés laxatives et purgatives énergiques de sa racine récoltée pendant les mois de juillet et d'août. On prépare à cet effet un sirop purgatif[8]. Ses feuilles infusées ont les mêmes propriétés laxatives[9].
Liseron des champs : habitus.
Fleur, avec des trombidions, forme adulte des aoûtats.
Convolvulus arvensis.
Organes reproducteurs
Graine
Habitat et répartition
Selon Tropicos (12 septembre 2020)[10] (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :
Convolvulus arvensis
Le Liseron des champs (Convolvulus arvensis) est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Convolvulacées.
Is speiceas de phlanda dreaptha nó reatha é Convolvulus arvensis (an ainleog ), den ghéineas Convolvulus, a bhaineann leis an bhfine Convolvulaceas,[1] agus ar speicis dhúchasacha iad san Eoraip agus san Áise. Is plandaí luibheach ilbhliantúil é, a fhásann go 0.5-2 m ar airde.
Tá dhá chineál ann:
Is speiceas de phlanda dreaptha nó reatha é Convolvulus arvensis (an ainleog ), den ghéineas Convolvulus, a bhaineann leis an bhfine Convolvulaceas, agus ar speicis dhúchasacha iad san Eoraip agus san Áise. Is plandaí luibheach ilbhliantúil é, a fhásann go 0.5-2 m ar airde.
Tá dhá chineál ann:
Convolvulus arvensis var. arvensis. Duilleoga níos leithne Convolvulus arvensis var. linearifolius. Duilleoga níos cúingePoljski slak (lat.Convolvulus arvensis) je biljka iz porodice Convolvulaceae. Raste diljem Europe kao vrlo čest korov. Biljka je otrovna a korištena je u narodnoj medicini.
Listovi sadrže do 143 mg% askorbinske kiseline i do 7,9 mg% karotina. Svi dijelovi, a naročito korijen sadrže glikozid konvolvulin.Sjemenke sadrže alkaloide.[1]
že alkaloideŠreter,A.I. Lekarstvenaja flora sovetskogo dalnego vostoka,Moskva 1975.
Koristi se kao holagog; Diuretik; Laksativ; Purgativ; kod ugriza insekata; za ženske probleme.U ruskoj,arapskoj,indijskoj i tibetanskoj narodnoj medicini koristi se za liječenje tuberkuloze,bronhitisa,sifilisa,ateroskleroze.Prašak korijena za nesanicu,mast od korijena kao lokalni anestetik.[2]
Poljski slak (lat.Convolvulus arvensis) je biljka iz porodice Convolvulaceae. Raste diljem Europe kao vrlo čest korov. Biljka je otrovna a korištena je u narodnoj medicini.
Rólna wijawka[1][3] (Convolvulus arvensis) je rostlina ze swójby wijawkowych rostlinow (Convolvulaceae). Dalšej serbskej ludowej mjenje stej sedłač[1][4][3] a sobołk[1][5].
Rólna wijawka je trajne zelo, kotrež docpěje wysokosć wot 20 hač do 80 cm.
Stołpiki su ćeńke a deleka ležace, lězuce abo nalěwo wijace.
Łopjena su wutrobojte hač šipojte a 3 hač 6 raz tak dołhe kaž šěroke. Wone docpěja dołhosć wot 3 hač do 4 cm.
Kćěje wot junija hač do septembra. Kćenja su likojte, běłe abo róžojte a docpěja dołhosć wot 1,5 hač do 2,5 cm. Wone sedźa na dołhich stołpikach w łopjenowych rozporach.
Rosće na rolach, winicach, w zahrodach, na smjećowych městnach, pućnych kromach a pustych płoninach. Ma radšo małohumozne pódy.
Rostlina je w Europje rozšěrjena.
Rólna wijawka (Convolvulus arvensis) je rostlina ze swójby wijawkowych rostlinow (Convolvulaceae). Dalšej serbskej ludowej mjenje stej sedłač a sobołk.
Il convolvolo o vilucchio (Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus, 1753 ) è una Convolvulacea originaria dell'Europa e dell'Asia, molto comune in tutta Italia, dalla pianura alla media montagna.
La forma biologica è G rhiz - Geofite rizomatose, cioè piante con un rizoma sotterraneo che ogni anno emette radici e fusti.
È una nota infestante del mais.
È una pianta erbacea perenne, rampicante o strisciante, che raggiunge a maturità una lunghezza di 0,5–2 m. Possiede un rizoma biancastro e fusti erbacei generalmente avvolti verso sinistra. Ha foglie spiralate, da lineari a cuoriformi, lunghe 2–5 cm, larghe 2–3 cm e con picciolo di 1–3 cm. I fiori, portati all'ascella delle foglie mediane, hanno calice e corolla entrambi campanulati: il calice, erbaceo, di 4–5 mm, la corolla da 1 a 2,5 cm di diametro, di colore bianco o rosa pallido, con cinque strisce radiali di un rosa leggermente più scuro. Il fiore ha antere violacee e stimma bianco con due lobi divergenti. Fiorisce da aprile a ottobre. Il frutto è una capsula sferica glabra.
È presente in due varietà:
Nonostante produca fiori attraenti e pur costituendo un ottimo foraggio per conigli[1], è spesso considerato una sgradita pianta infestante nei giardini e negli orti a causa della sua rapida crescita e del conseguente soffocamento delle piante coltivate.
In una delle leggende raccolte dai Fratelli Grimm, La tazzetta della Madonna, e attestata anche in paesi come la Toscana[2], questo fiore venne usato dalla Madonna per bere vino quando aiutò a liberare il carretto di un carrettiere. La leggenda narra che "il piccolo fiore viene ancora chiamato Tazzetta della Madonna".
È pianta visitata dalle api per il suo nettare.[3]
Il convolvolo o vilucchio (Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus, 1753 ) è una Convolvulacea originaria dell'Europa e dell'Asia, molto comune in tutta Italia, dalla pianura alla media montagna.
La forma biologica è G rhiz - Geofite rizomatose, cioè piante con un rizoma sotterraneo che ogni anno emette radici e fusti.
È una nota infestante del mais.
Dirvinis vijoklis (lot. Convolvulus arvensis) – vijoklinių (Convolvulaceae) šeimos augalas, paplitęs Eurazijoje.
Augalas žolinis, vijoklinis, daugiametis. Stiebas šešiabriaunis, užaugantis iki 170 cm, vyniojasi ant kitų augalų, stulpų arba driekiasi pažeme. Lapai lancetiški arba linijiškai pailgi, su strėlišku, ietišku arba širdišku pagrindu, 2–5 cm ilgio. Žiedai piltuviškai varpiški, kvapnūs, balti arba rausvi, 1,9–2,5 cm skersmens. Vaisius rudas, apvalus, 0,3 cm skersmens, su 2 sėklomis. Šaknys baltos, virvelinės.
Dirvinis vijoklis – sunkiai išnaikinama piktžolė. Auga laukuose, daržuose, dykvietėse, soduose, ant pylimų. Nors avys, galvijai augalą ėda, didesni jo kiekiai kenksmingi (ypač arkliams)[1]. Šiaurės Amerikoje – invazinė rūšis.
Požymiai
Margi žiedai
Augimvietė
Vaisiai ir sėklos.
Dirvinis vijoklis (lot. Convolvulus arvensis) – vijoklinių (Convolvulaceae) šeimos augalas, paplitęs Eurazijoje.
Augalas žolinis, vijoklinis, daugiametis. Stiebas šešiabriaunis, užaugantis iki 170 cm, vyniojasi ant kitų augalų, stulpų arba driekiasi pažeme. Lapai lancetiški arba linijiškai pailgi, su strėlišku, ietišku arba širdišku pagrindu, 2–5 cm ilgio. Žiedai piltuviškai varpiški, kvapnūs, balti arba rausvi, 1,9–2,5 cm skersmens. Vaisius rudas, apvalus, 0,3 cm skersmens, su 2 sėklomis. Šaknys baltos, virvelinės.
Dirvinis vijoklis – sunkiai išnaikinama piktžolė. Auga laukuose, daržuose, dykvietėse, soduose, ant pylimų. Nors avys, galvijai augalą ėda, didesni jo kiekiai kenksmingi (ypač arkliams). Šiaurės Amerikoje – invazinė rūšis.
Požymiai
Margi žiedai
Augimvietė
Vaisiai ir sėklos.
De akkerwinde (Convolvulus arvensis) is een plant uit de windefamilie (Convolvulaceae). Hij komt voor op grazige plekken, bouwland, langs wegen en in de duinen. De stengels winden zich tegen de wijzers van de klok in om dingen heen.
De bloem is geheel roze of wit, of met meer of minder duidelijke roze of witte strepen, en heeft aan de buitenkant soms donkerder strepen. De bloemen hebben een doorsnede van 1,5 tot 3 cm. Er zijn vijf kelkbladen met ronde tanden. De bloemen hebben een aangename geur. Eén tot drie bloemen bloeien aan een lange steel met halverwege twee schutblaadjes. De bloeitijd is van juni tot de herfst.
De akkerwinde heeft een onbehaarde doosvrucht.
De bladeren zijn eirond tot langwerpig en hebben uitstaande slippen aan de voet.
(Nederlandstalige) Wikisource.
Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Convolvulus arvensis op Wikimedia Commons. De akkerwinde (Convolvulus arvensis) is een plant uit de windefamilie (Convolvulaceae). Hij komt voor op grazige plekken, bouwland, langs wegen en in de duinen. De stengels winden zich tegen de wijzers van de klok in om dingen heen.
De bloem is geheel roze of wit, of met meer of minder duidelijke roze of witte strepen, en heeft aan de buitenkant soms donkerder strepen. De bloemen hebben een doorsnede van 1,5 tot 3 cm. Er zijn vijf kelkbladen met ronde tanden. De bloemen hebben een aangename geur. Eén tot drie bloemen bloeien aan een lange steel met halverwege twee schutblaadjes. De bloeitijd is van juni tot de herfst.
De akkerwinde heeft een onbehaarde doosvrucht.
De bladeren zijn eirond tot langwerpig en hebben uitstaande slippen aan de voet.
Powój polny (Convolvulus arvensis L.) – gatunek byliny należący do rodziny powojowatych.
Występuje na półkuli północnej, głównie w strefie klimatu umiarkowanego, ale czasami także ciepłego. Jest pospolity w prawie całej Europie, występuje w Afryce Północnej, na obszarach Azji o klimacie umiarkowanym, a częściowo również ciepłym (Nepal, Pakistan). Rozprzestrzenia się gdzieniegdzie także poza tymi obszarami występowania[3]. W Polsce jest pospolity na niżu i pogórzu[4]. Status gatunku we florze Polski: gatunek rodzimy[5].
Kielisznik zaroślowy (Calystegia sepium)
W uprawach rolnych jest uporczywym chwastem. Dla uprawianych roślin stanowi duże zagrożenie. Może całkowicie zagłuszyć rośliny, a obciążając łodygi zbóż powoduje ich wyleganie[6][8]. Nie zuboża natomiast gleby w składniki pokarmowe, gdyż pozyskuje je z głębszych warstw gleby[7]. Występuje głównie w uprawach kukurydzy, zbóż, a sporadycznie także buraków[9].
Jest trudny do wytępienia. Nawet z bardzo małego fragmentu kłącza może wyrosnąć nowa roślina[8]. W uprawach rozmnaża się głównie przez kawałki kłącza, które są rozprzestrzeniane podczas mechanicznej uprawy gleby. Orka i inne zabiegi uprawowe tylko pobudzają go do tworzenia nowych rozłogów i wzrostu, nie niszczą go, gdyż rozłogi korzeniowe znajdują się głęboko, poza zasięgiem pługa. Mimo regularnego niszczenia odrostów roślina utrzymuje się przy życiu przez dwa lata, nim wyczerpie zgromadzone w korzeniach substancje zapasowe. W tym czasie może wytworzyć dziesiątki nowych odrostów. Jest trudny również do zwalczenia chemicznego, jest bowiem dość odporny na zawarte w herbicydach środki chemiczne. Najskuteczniejsze do chemicznego zwalczania są środki zawierające dikamb, fluroksypyr, florasulam lub tritosulfuron[6].
Poczta Polska wyemitowała 5 września 1967 r. znaczek pocztowy przedstawiający powój polny o nominale 60 gr, w serii Kwiaty polne. Autorem projektu znaczka był Tadeusz Michaluk. Znaczek pozostawał w obiegu do 31 grudnia 1994 r.. Powój polny pojawił się też na pierwszym znaczku tej serii o nominale 20 gr, w bukiecie kwiatów polnych[13].
Powój polny (Convolvulus arvensis L.) – gatunek byliny należący do rodziny powojowatych.
Convolvulus arvensis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Convolvulaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 153. 1753.[1]
Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental, no Arquipélago dos Açores e no Arquipélago da Madeira.
Em termos de naturalidade é nativa de Portugal Continental e Arquipélago da Madeira e introduzida no arquipélago dos Açores.
Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.
Convolvulus arvensis é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Convolvulaceae.
A autoridade científica da espécie é L., tendo sido publicada em Species Plantarum 1: 153. 1753.
Volbura, sau rochița-rândunicii, (Convolvulus arvensis) este o specie de plante, nativă Europei și Asiei. Este o plantă perenă, erbacee, cățărătoare sau târâtoare, care poate crește până la 2 m. Frunzele sunt dispuse în spirală, de formă variată, lungi de 2–5 cm, cu un pețiol de 1–3 cm. Florile au formă de trompetă, cu diametrul de 1-2,5 cm, albe sau roz pal, cu cinci dungi radiale mai închise la culoare.
Există două varietăți:
Deși produce flori atractive, deseori este considerată a fi o buruiană din cauza creșterii rapide și sufocării plantelor cultivate. A fost introdusă în America de Nord, unde, pe alocuri, este o specie invazivă. Covoarele formate invadează culturile și scad recolta; se estimează că pierderile cauzate de această plantă în SUA depășesc 377 milioane de dolari doar în 1998e.[1]
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WikiProiect Volbura, sau rochița-rândunicii, (Convolvulus arvensis) este o specie de plante, nativă Europei și Asiei. Este o plantă perenă, erbacee, cățărătoare sau târâtoare, care poate crește până la 2 m. Frunzele sunt dispuse în spirală, de formă variată, lungi de 2–5 cm, cu un pețiol de 1–3 cm. Florile au formă de trompetă, cu diametrul de 1-2,5 cm, albe sau roz pal, cu cinci dungi radiale mai închise la culoare.
Există două varietăți:
Convolvulus arvensis var. arvensis - frunze late. Convolvulus arvensis var. linearifolius - frunze îngusteDeși produce flori atractive, deseori este considerată a fi o buruiană din cauza creșterii rapide și sufocării plantelor cultivate. A fost introdusă în America de Nord, unde, pe alocuri, este o specie invazivă. Covoarele formate invadează culturile și scad recolta; se estimează că pierderile cauzate de această plantă în SUA depășesc 377 milioane de dolari doar în 1998e.
Åkervinda (Convolvulus arvensis) är en art inom familjen vindeväxter.
Arten förekommer i tempererade områden i Europa och Asien. I Sverige finns åkervindan upp till mellersta Norrland, men är i Norge och Finland begränsad till de sydliga landskapen.
Ruderatmark, vägkanter, järnvägsbankar.
Åkervinda är en mångformig flerårig ört med mer eller mindre förvedade jordstammar.
Stjälkarna är krypande eller klättrande, upp till 150 cm långa, kala eller något håriga. I de klättrande formerna har stjälken blivit styv genom vridning. Tvärsnittet kan vara cirkulärt eller elliptiskt. (Se bild avsnitt Externa länkar.
Bladen är skaftade, avlånga till äggrunda 1,5…5 × 1…4 cm, kala eller håriga, bladbasen är pillik till hjärtlik.
Blommorna kommer i juli – augusti med 1…3 st placerade tillsammans i bladvecken. Kronan är vriden i knoppläget, vit eller rosa, brett trattlik 1,5…2,6 cm lång, brämet är grunt femflikigt. Ståndarna är fem till antalet, två långa, två korta och den femte av medellängd. Den praktiska vinsten olika längd på ståndarna är kanske att ståndarknapparna kan få mer plats än om de satt i jämnhöjd, och således lättare beröras av pollinatörerna.
Frukten är en 2-rummig kapsel, med 4 frön eller färre. Fröet har en tät, grå, hornartad, vid fuktning slemmig frövita där en grönfärgad grodd (embryo, växtanlag) ligger inbäddad. Nederst i fröanlaget är fröets rothål. Där innanför ligger groddens rot (rotanlaget eller "lillroten") och längre in i fröet de stora, veckade eller hopskrynklade hjärtbladen.
Arten har uppdelats i många underarter och varieteter. Vanligen erkänns inte dessa i moderna floror. Det finns även odlade former med blommor i många olika färgställningar.
Åkervindan hör till de svåra ogräsen och kan vara svår att få bort från oönskade platser. En orsak är att varje individ kan ge upp till 500 frön, och varje frö kan överleva i jorden upp till 20 år, innan det gror.[1]
Artepitetet arvensis (Lat.) betyder "tillhör åkern", men där är den invasiv.
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Åkervinda.
Åkervinda (Convolvulus arvensis) är en art inom familjen vindeväxter.
Стебла довжиною 1-1,5 м, численні, тонкі, в'юнкі, спірально скручені, обплітають сусідні рослини. Корінь стрижневий, розгалужений, йде в ґрунт на глибину до 2 м. Листки чергові, яйцеподібно-еліптичні або довгасті, розташовані на черешках. Квітки білі або рожеві, лійкоподібні, до 2-х см, з поздовжніми темними смужками, зі слабким приємним ароматом, розташовані в пазухах листя. Цвіте в квітні — жовтні. Квітки відкриваються залежно від часу доби і змін погоди. Плід — гладка коробочка яйцеподібної форми з дрібним насінням.
Рослина поширена від Білого моря до Середньої Азії. Росте вздовж доріг, на полях і в городах як бур'ян. Господарського значення не має.
Квітки рослини принаджують диких бджіл, жуків та метеликів, в тому числі бражника берізкового (Agrius convolvuli).
Берізка польова є лікарською сировиною — використовуються стебла і коріння, рідше квітки та насіння. Авіценна рекомендував її для лікування астми, захворювань легенів, печінки та селезінки. В експериментальних дослідженнях на тваринах доведено гіпотензивну, спазмолітичну, протизапальну, кровоспинну, місцево анестезуючу та подразнюючу слизові оболонки дію. Відвар трави приймають як проносний, діуретичний та ранозагоювальний засіб, а також для лікування гіпертонічної хвороби, бронхіальної астми і бронхітів (відвар квітів), безсоння (порошок кореня всередину) і як потогінний засіб (водний настій насіння).
В складі сіна рослина придатна для годування худоби.
Convolvulus arvensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bìm bìm. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]
Convolvulus arvensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Bìm bìm. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.
На окультуренных территориях является обычным сорняком.
Голый, тонкий, вьющийся стебель в сечении гранёный, достигает в длину, иногда, более 1 м.
Листья снизу голые, узкие, копьевидные, у черешка имеют две острые лопасти, размещаются на стебле по спирали.
Цветки правильные воронковидные диаметром около 2 см, обоеполые, обычно с белым или розовым венчиком, разделённым на сегменты пятью радиальными полосами более тёмного цвета.
Формула цветка: ∗ K ( 5 ) C ( 5 ) A 5 G ( 2 _ ) {displaystyle ast K_{(5)};C_{(5)};A_{5};G_{({underline {2}})}} 
Широко распространён по европейской части России, на Кавказе, в Западной и Восточной Сибири, на Дальнем Востоке и в Средней Азии.
Применяется в народной медицине. Содержит психотропные алкалоиды, а в листьях присутствуют сердечные гликозиды.
В составе сена растение пригодно для кормления скота.
Цветки растения содержат нектар и пыльцу, которые привлекают диких пчёл, жуков и бабочек, например бабочку Бражник вьюнковый (Agrius convolvuli).
田旋花（学名：Convolvulus arvensis）是旋花科旋花属的一个物种，分布在欧洲和亚洲。
这是一种攀爬草本多年生植物，长达0.5-2米。叶子呈成螺旋形分布，形状为线状至箭形，2-5厘米长，叶柄长度为1-3厘米。花呈喇叭形，直径为1-2.5厘米，白色或浅桃红色，有5条放射状深桃红色条纹。
田旋花有两个变种：
尽管田旋花的花朵吸引人，但是却不受花圃欢迎。因为其生长得很快，侵占了其他栽培的植物。田旋花引入到北美洲后，在某些地方成为入侵物种。其浓密的植被侵占了农田，使农作物减产。1998年该物种使美国农作物损失达3.77亿美元。[2]
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分類 界 : 植物界 Plantae 門 : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta 綱 : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 目 : ナス目 Solanales 科 : ヒルガオ科 Convolvulaceae 属 : セイヨウヒルガオ属 Convolvulus 種 : セイヨウヒルガオ C. arvensis 学名 Convolvulus arvensisセイヨウヒルガオ (Convolvulus arvensis) は、ヨーロッパに生息するヒルガオ科のつる植物。園芸植物としては、コンボルブルス・アルベンシスという学名で呼ばれることもある。
ヨーロッパを原産地とする[1]。
南北アメリカ、オセアニア、アジア、アフリカに移入分布する[2]。
多年草。0.5-2mくらいに成長する。葉はらせん状につき、糸状もしくは矢じり形で、長さは2-5cm。葉柄は1-3cm。花はトランペット状で、直径1-2.5cm、色は白またはパールピンクで、5つの少し濃いピンクの放射状の帯がある。
以下の二つの亜種がある。
日本では観賞植物として導入されて、1940年代以降、全国に定着した[1]。
きれいな花を咲かせるが、成長が早く、栽培している植物を覆ってしまうため、庭ではしばしば雑草として迷惑がられる。また、農作物にも悪影響を与える[2]。
この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:植物／Portal:植物）。 セイヨウヒルガオ (Convolvulus arvensis) は、ヨーロッパに生息するヒルガオ科のつる植物。園芸植物としては、コンボルブルス・アルベンシスという学名で呼ばれることもある。
