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Bythitidae

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Bitítid ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Bidenichthys consobrinus.
src=
Cataetyx messieri.
src=
Dermatopsis macrodon.

Les bròtules vivípares o bitítids són la família Bythitidae de peixos inclosa en l'ordre Ophidiiformes, distribuïts per l'oceà Atlàntic, Índic i Pacífic; són principalment marins, encara que algunes rares espècies es troben en aigües dolces.

Gèneres

Existeixen unes 200 espècies agrupades en els 50 gèneres següents:

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Bitítid: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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src= Bidenichthys consobrinus. src= Cataetyx messieri. src= Dermatopsis macrodon.

Les bròtules vivípares o bitítids són la família Bythitidae de peixos inclosa en l'ordre Ophidiiformes, distribuïts per l'oceà Atlàntic, Índic i Pacífic; són principalment marins, encara que algunes rares espècies es troben en aigües dolces.

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Lebendgebärende Brotulas ( Almanca )

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Die Lebendgebärenden Brotulas (Bythitidae) sind eine Familie der Knochenfische (Osteichthyes) aus der Ordnung der Eingeweidefischartigen (Ophidiiformes), die in allen Weltmeeren vorkommen.

Merkmale

Die Lebendgebärenden Brotulas erreichen Standardlängen von 3 bis 88 Zentimeter. Wie alle Eingeweidefischartigen sind sie langgestreckt. Die Anzahl der Wirbel beträgt 33 bis 117, davon sind 10 bis 50 Rumpfwirbel und 24 bis 91 Schwanzwirbel. Rücken-, Schwanz- und Afterflosse sind normalerweise zu einem durchgehenden Flossensaum zusammengewachsen. Nur selten ist die Schwanzflosse frei. Der erste Flossenträger der Afterflosse ist nicht verlängert. Die Fische besitzen bis zu 35 verlängerte Kiemenrechen. Sie können jedoch auch fehlen. Die Männchen besitzen ein penisartiges Begattungsorgan zur inneren Befruchtung, das sich in einem fleischigen Höcker vor der Afterflosse befindet. Knöcherne Pseudoklaspern fehlen.[1]

Innere Systematik

Nach der Ausgliederung der Tribus Dinematichthyini als eigenständige Familie (Dinematichthyidae) und der Integration der pädomorphen Aphyonidae sowie der Parabrotulidae[2] in die Bythitidae gehören heute 35 Gattungen mit über 115 Arten zu den Lebendgebärenden Brotulas.[1]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c Peter Rask Møller, Steen Wilhelm Knudsen, Werner Schwarzhans, Jørgen G. Nielsen: A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) – with the establishment of a new family Dinematichthyidae – based on molecular, morphological and fossil data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, April 2016, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.008
  2. ↑ Matthew A. Campbella, Jørgen G. Nielsen, Tetsuya Sado, Chuya Shinzato, Miyuki Kanda, Takashi P. Satoh, Masaki Miya: Evolutionary affinities of the unfathomable Parabrotulidae: Molecular data indicate placement of Parabrotula within the family Bythitidae, Ophidiiformes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Februar 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.004
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Lebendgebärende Brotulas: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Die Lebendgebärenden Brotulas (Bythitidae) sind eine Familie der Knochenfische (Osteichthyes) aus der Ordnung der Eingeweidefischartigen (Ophidiiformes), die in allen Weltmeeren vorkommen.

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Афион сымалдуулар ( Kırgızça )

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Sciadonus cryptophthalmus.

Афион сымалдуулар (лат. Aphyonidae) — океан тереңдигинде жашоочу балыктардын бир тукуму.

Колдонулган адабияттар

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Viviparous brotula ( İngilizce )

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The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally bear live young,[1] although there are indications that some species (at least Didymothallus criniceps) do not.[2] They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in length,[1] but some species grow far larger and may surpass 60 cm (2 ft).[3][4]

Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans,[1] there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example Bythites.[5] Thermichthys hollisi, which lives at depths of around 2,500 m (8,200 ft), is associated with thermal vents.[6] A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (Typhliasina pearsei), Galapagos cuskeel (Ogilbia galapagosensis), Diancistrus typhlops and some Lucifuga species.[2][7]

Since 2002, more than 110 new species have been added to this family.[8] In 2005, 26 new species were described in a single paper by Danish and German scientists[9] and in 2007, an additional eight new genera with 20 new species were described in another paper by the same scientists.[10]

In some classifications the family Aphyonidae is placed within the Bythitidae and the tribe Dinematichthyini of the subfamily Brosmophycinae has been raised to the status of a family, the Dinematichthyidae which contains 25 genera and 114 species.[11]

The Bythitidae is divided as follows:

References

  1. ^ a b c Nielsen, Jørgen G. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  2. ^ a b Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Cataetyx in FishBase. April 2017 version.
  4. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Grammonus in FishBase. April 2017 version.
  5. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Bythites in FishBase. April 2017 version.
  6. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Thermichthys hollisi in FishBase. April 2017 version.
  7. ^ Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. ISBN 978-1402000768
  8. ^ "CAS - Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes - Genera/Species by Family/Subfamily".
  9. ^ Schwarzhans, Werner; Møller, Peter Rask; Nielsen, Jørgen G. (2005). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-West Pacific. Part I. Diancistrus and Two New Genera with 26 New Species". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 21: 73–163.
  10. ^ Schwarzhans & Møller (2007). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei, Bythitidae) of the Indo-West pacific. Part III. Beaglichthys, Brosmolus, Monothrix and 8 new genera with description of 20 new species". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 23: 29–110.
  11. ^ Møller PR; Knudsen SW; Schwarzhans W; Nielsen JG (2016). "A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with family status for Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 100: 391–408. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.008. PMID 27060424. Abstract
  12. ^ Nielsen J.G., Schwarzhans W., Cohen D.M. (2012). "Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus". Zootaxa. 3579: 1–36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3579.1.1.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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Viviparous brotula: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally bear live young, although there are indications that some species (at least Didymothallus criniceps) do not. They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in length, but some species grow far larger and may surpass 60 cm (2 ft).

Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans, there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example Bythites. Thermichthys hollisi, which lives at depths of around 2,500 m (8,200 ft), is associated with thermal vents. A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (Typhliasina pearsei), Galapagos cuskeel (Ogilbia galapagosensis), Diancistrus typhlops and some Lucifuga species.

Since 2002, more than 110 new species have been added to this family. In 2005, 26 new species were described in a single paper by Danish and German scientists and in 2007, an additional eight new genera with 20 new species were described in another paper by the same scientists.

In some classifications the family Aphyonidae is placed within the Bythitidae and the tribe Dinematichthyini of the subfamily Brosmophycinae has been raised to the status of a family, the Dinematichthyidae which contains 25 genera and 114 species.

The Bythitidae is divided as follows:

Subfamily Brosmophycinae Tribe Dinematichthyini Alionematichthys Beaglichthys Brosmolus Brotulinella Dactylosurculus Dermatopsis Dermatopsoides Diancistrus Didymothallus Dinematichthys Dipulus Gunterichthys Lapitaichthys Majungaichthys Mascarenichthys Monothrix Nielsenichthys Ogilbia Ogilbichthys Paradiancistrus Porocephalichthys Typhliasina Ungusurculus Zephyrichthys Tribe Brosmophycini Bidenichthys Brosmodorsalis Brosmophyciops Brosmophycis Eusurculus Fiordichthys Lucifuga Melodichthys Subfamily Bythitinae Acarobythites Anacanthobythites Bellottia Bythites Calamopteryx Cataetyx Diplacanthopoma Ematops Grammonus Hastatobythites Hephthocara Microbrotula Parasaccogaster Pseudogilbia Pseudonus Saccogaster Stygnobrotula Thalassobathia Thermichthys Timorichthys Tuamotuichthys
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Bythitidae ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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src=
Diplacanthopoma raniceps.
src=
Typhliasina pearsei.
src=
Hephthocara simum.
src=
Bidenichthys consobrinus.
src=
Cataetyx messieri.
src=
Dermatopsis macrodon.

Las brótulas vivíparas son la familia Bythitidae de peces incluida en el orden Ophidiiformes, distribuidos por el océano Atlántico, Índico y Pacífico; son principalmente marinos, aunque algunas raras especies se encuentran en aguas dulces.[1]​ Su nombre procede del griego bythios, que significa en el fondo.[2]​

La piel generalmente tiene escamas; presentan vejiga natatoria; el opérculo presenta generalmente una fuerte espina.[1]​

Viviparismo

Los machos presentan un órgano copulador escondido en una cavidad situada en el vientre del cuerpo, con el que fecundan a las hembras en cuyo interior se desarrollan los embriones, que tras eclosionar salen nadando del cuerpo de la madre.[1]​

Géneros

Existen unas 212 especies agrupadas en los 53 géneros siguientes:[3]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ a b c Nelson, J.S. (1994). Fishes of the world (en inglés) (3ª edición edición). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 600 p.
  2. ↑ Romero, P. (2002). An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid: unpublished.
  3. ↑ "Bythitidae". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en enero de 2016. N.p.: FishBase, 2016.

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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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src= Diplacanthopoma raniceps. src= Typhliasina pearsei. src= Hephthocara simum. src= Bidenichthys consobrinus. src= Cataetyx messieri. src= Dermatopsis macrodon.

Las brótulas vivíparas son la familia Bythitidae de peces incluida en el orden Ophidiiformes, distribuidos por el océano Atlántico, Índico y Pacífico; son principalmente marinos, aunque algunas raras especies se encuentran en aguas dulces.​ Su nombre procede del griego bythios, que significa en el fondo.​

La piel generalmente tiene escamas; presentan vejiga natatoria; el opérculo presenta generalmente una fuerte espina.​

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Aphyonidae ( Baskça )

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Aphyonidae arrain ofidiformeen familia da, mundu osoko itsaso tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dena.[1]

Generoak

FishBaseren arabera, familiak egun 23 espezie ditu, 6 generotan banaturik:[2]

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Nelson, Joseph S. Fishes of the World John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-54713-1.
  2. ↑ www.fishbase.org


Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Aphyonidae: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Aphyonidae arrain ofidiformeen familia da, mundu osoko itsaso tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dena.

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Bythitidae ( Baskça )

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Bythitidae arrain ofidiformeen familia da, Atlantikoko, Indiako eta Ozeano Bareko uretan (gutxi batzuk ur gezetan ere) bizi dena.[1].

Generoak

FishBaseren arabera, familiak egun 211 espezie ditu, 53 generotan banaturik:[2]

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ Nelson, Joseph S. Fishes of the World John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-54713-1.
  2. ↑ www.fishbase.org
  3. ↑ Nielsen, J.G., Schwarzhans, W. & Cohen, D.M. (2012) «Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus» Zootaxa (3579): 1–36.


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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Baskça )

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Bythitidae arrain ofidiformeen familia da, Atlantikoko, Indiako eta Ozeano Bareko uretan (gutxi batzuk ur gezetan ere) bizi dena..

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Brotulat ( Fince )

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Brotulat (Bythitidae) on partanilkkakaloihin kuuluva kalaheimo. Heimon lajit elävät pääosin suolaisissa valtamerissä.

Taksonomia

Brotuloihin kuuluu lähteestä riippuen 91–107 lajia 31–32 suvussa. Heimo jaetaan kahteen alaheimoon, Bythitinae ja Brosmophycininae. Brosmophycininae voidaan jakaa vielä kahteen tribukseen. Brotuloiden heimoon kuuluvia lajeja ovat muun muassa rusobrotula (Brosmodorsalis persicinus), limabrotula (Brosmophyciops pautzkei), keltabrotula (Brotulina fusca), manalankala (Lucifuga subterraneus) ja sinimanalankala (Lucifuga dentatus).[2][3][4]

Anatomia

Brotulat ovat ruumiinmuodoltaan pitkulaisia kaloja ja ne voivat kasvaa 5–100 cm pitkiksi. Alaheimoihin Bythitinae ja Brosmophycininae kuuluvat lajit eroavat toisistaan eviensä perusteella. Bythitinae-alaheimon lajeilla selkä-, pyrstö- ja peräevät ovat yhtyneet, kun Brosmophycininae alaheimon lajeilla pitkät selkä- ja peräevät ovat pyrstöevästä erilliset. Suurimmalla osalla brotuloista on suomut, mutta jotkin lajit ovat suomuttomia. Luolissa elävät Lucifuga-suvun lajit ovat sokeita. Kaikki heimon kalat ovat vivipaarisia eli synnyttävät eläviä poikasia.[2][3][5]

Levinneisyys ja elinympäristö

Useimmat brotulojen heimon lajit elävät trooppisilla ja subtrooppisilla vesillä Atlantin, Intian valtameren ja Tyynenmeren alueilla. Monet lajit ovat mereisiä, mutta muutamia makean veden ja murtoveden lajeja tunnetaan, ja ne ovat usein luolissa esiintyviä. Brotulat elävät tyypillisesti meren pinnan läheisyydestä koralliriuttojen ympäristöissä, mutta jopa 5 500 metrin syvyydessä eläviä lajeja tunnetaan.[2][3][5][6]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Werner Schwarzhans: Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Denmark. Geological survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, 2003. Artikkelin verkkoversio Viitattu 24.6.2011. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b c Family Bythitidae (peilipalvelin) FishBase. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (toim.). Viitattu 24.6.2011. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ a b c Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the world, s. 246. John Wiley and Sons, 2006. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9. Kirja Googlen teoshaussa (viitattu 22.06.2011). (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ Markku Varjo, Lauri Koli ja Harri Dahlström: Maailman kalojen nimet, s. 51. Suomen Biologian Seura Vanamo, 2004. ISBN 951-9108-13-0.
  5. ↑ a b Family Bythitidae (PDF) FAO. Viitattu 24.06.2011. (englanniksi)
  6. ↑ Roberto E. Reis,Sven O. Kullander,Carl J. Ferraris: Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America, s. 671. EDIPUCRS, 2003. ISBN 8574303615. Kirja Googlen teoshaussa (viitattu 24.06.2011). (englanniksi)
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Brotulat: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Brotulat (Bythitidae) on partanilkkakaloihin kuuluva kalaheimo. Heimon lajit elävät pääosin suolaisissa valtamerissä.

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Bythitidae ( Fransızca )

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Les Bythitidae sont une famille de poissons de l'ordre des Ophidiiformes.

Description et caractéristiques

Ce sont des poissons trapus et de silhouette archaïque, avec une grosse tête arrondie et un corps fusiforme. La nageoire dorsale est unique et longue, et souvent fusionnée avec la caudale et l'anale. Ce sont pour la plupart des poissons abyssaux vivipares, mais certains se trouvent également en eau douce[1].

En Méditerranée, les plongeurs peuvent parfois observer Grammonus ater, qui remonte de nuit pour se nourrir.

On compte environ 212 espèces réparties dans 53 genres[1].

Liste des genres et espèces

Selon World Register of Marine Species (5 octobre 2016)[2] :

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Les Bythitidae sont une famille de poissons de l'ordre des Ophidiiformes.

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Bythitidae ( İtalyanca )

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I Bythitidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei appartenenti all'ordine Ophidiiformes.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa famiglia è diffusa in tutti gli oceani.

Nel mar Mediterraneo sono presenti quattro specie:

I Bythitidae sono principalmente marini e in molti casi abissali. Una minoranza di specie vive in acque dolci o salmastre. Esistono inoltre alcune specie che vivono nelle grotte, in acque sotterranee sia marine che dolci.

Descrizione

Sono pesci dal corpo piuttosto allungato e compresso ai lati, quasi anguilliforme, con scaglie piccole (talvolta assenti). È presente la vescica natatoria. Le pinne dorsale e anale spesso sono unite all'estremità posteriore del corpo e la pinna caudale è indistinta.

Si tratta di pesci piuttosto piccoli che raramente superano i 10 cm.

Biologia

Sono in genere pesci lucifughi, con abitudini notturne se costieri oppure limitati ai bui fondali del piano abissale o alle grotte.

Alimentazione

Carnivori, si cibano di invertebrati o pesciolini.

Riproduzione

Sono vivipari con fecondazione interna mediante spermatofore.

Pesca

Di limitato interesse solo per alcune specie.

Tassonomia

In passato considerati una sottofamiglia degli Ophidiidae.

Generi

Bibliografia

  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975 (come sottofamiglia degli Ophidiidae)

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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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I Bythitidae sono una famiglia di pesci ossei appartenenti all'ordine Ophidiiformes.

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Bythitidae ( Latince )

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Bythitidae sunt familia piscium viviparorum ordinis Ophidiiformium, qui in tropicis et subtropicis maris aquis omnem per orbem terrarum endemici sunt. Bythitidae sunt pisces parvi, circa 5 centimetra longi, qui prope superficiem et circa scopulos curalii habitant.[2] Nonnullae autem species in aqua dulci habitant; exempli gratia, Ogilbia pearsei in speluncis et foraminibus lapsis in Iucatania paeninsula Mexici inveniuntur.

Post 2002, plus quam 110 species novae familiae additae sunt.[3] Anno 2005, viginti sex species novae in uno commentario ab ichthyologis Danicis et Germanis,[4] et anno 2007, octo genera nova cum viginti speciebus in alio commentario ab eisdem hominibus descriptae sunt.[5]

Notae

  1. ↑ J. G. Nielsen, W. Schwarzhans, et D. M. & Cohen (2012), "Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus," Zootaxa 3579: 1–36.
  2. ↑ Jørgen G. Neilsen (1998). J. R. Paxton & W. N. Eschmeyer. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. Didacopoli: Academic Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5 .
  3. ↑ http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp.
  4. ↑ Werner Schwarzhans, Peter Rask Møller, Jørgen G. Nielsen (2005). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-West Pacific. Part I. Diancistrus and Two New Genera with 26 New Species". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 21: 73–163 .
  5. ↑ Schwarzhans & Møller (2007). "Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei, Bythitidae) of the Indo-West pacific. Part III. Beaglichthys, Brosmolus, Monothrix and 8 new genera with description of 20 new species.". The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 23: 29–110 .

Nexus externus

Ophidiiformes Haec stipula ad Ophidiiformes spectat. Amplifica, si potes!
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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Latince )

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Bythitidae sunt familia piscium viviparorum ordinis Ophidiiformium, qui in tropicis et subtropicis maris aquis omnem per orbem terrarum endemici sunt. Bythitidae sunt pisces parvi, circa 5 centimetra longi, qui prope superficiem et circa scopulos curalii habitant. Nonnullae autem species in aqua dulci habitant; exempli gratia, Ogilbia pearsei in speluncis et foraminibus lapsis in Iucatania paeninsula Mexici inveniuntur.

Post 2002, plus quam 110 species novae familiae additae sunt. Anno 2005, viginti sex species novae in uno commentario ab ichthyologis Danicis et Germanis, et anno 2007, octo genera nova cum viginti speciebus in alio commentario ab eisdem hominibus descriptae sunt.

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Bespalvės brotulės ( Litvanca )

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Bespalvės brotulės (Aphyonidae) – brotulių (Ophidiiformes) būrio žuvų šeima. Kūnas unguriškas, 4-18 cm ilgio. Paplitusios Atlanto, Indijos ir Ramiajame vandenynuose. Gyvena iki 5 km gylyje, priedugnyje.

Šeimoje yra 6 gentys, 22 rūšys.

Gentys

Nuorodos

  • src=

    Aphyonus gelatinosus

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    Barathronus parfaiti

Vikiteka

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Bespalvės brotulės: Brief Summary ( Litvanca )

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Bespalvės brotulės (Aphyonidae) – brotulių (Ophidiiformes) būrio žuvų šeima. Kūnas unguriškas, 4-18 cm ilgio. Paplitusios Atlanto, Indijos ir Ramiajame vandenynuose. Gyvena iki 5 km gylyje, priedugnyje.

Šeimoje yra 6 gentys, 22 rūšys.

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Gyvavedės brotulės ( Litvanca )

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src=
Dantytoji brotulė (Dermatopsis macrodon)
src=
Hephthocara simum

Gyvavedės brotulės (Bythitidae) – brotulių (Ophidiiformes) būrio žuvų šeima. Paplitusios tropinio ir subtropinio klimato vandenyse. Tai smulkios žuvys, gyvenančios vandens paviršiuje ar prie koralinių rifų. Kai kurios rūšys gyvena plyšiuose.

Šeimoje yra 36 gentys, 103 rūšys.

Gentys

Nuorodos

Vikiteka

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Gyvavedės brotulės: Brief Summary ( Litvanca )

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src= Dantytoji brotulė (Dermatopsis macrodon) src= Hephthocara simum

Gyvavedės brotulės (Bythitidae) – brotulių (Ophidiiformes) būrio žuvų šeima. Paplitusios tropinio ir subtropinio klimato vandenyse. Tai smulkios žuvys, gyvenančios vandens paviršiuje ar prie koralinių rifų. Kai kurios rūšys gyvena plyšiuose.

Šeimoje yra 36 gentys, 103 rūšys.

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Bythitidae ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vissen

Bythitidae (Naaldvissen) zijn een familie van straalvinnige vissen uit de orde van Naaldvisachtigen (Ophidiiformes).[1]

Geslachten

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. ↑ (en) Bythitidae. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Bythitidae (Naaldvissen) zijn een familie van straalvinnige vissen uit de orde van Naaldvisachtigen (Ophidiiformes).

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Bythitidae ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Bythitidae – rodzina ryb wyślizgokształtnych (Ophidiiformes).

Występowanie

Ocean Atlantycki, Ocean Indyjski i Ocean Spokojny, w większości morskie, rzadziej w wodach słodkich lub słonawych. Niektóre spotykane w wodach wielkich jaskiń.

Cechy charakterystyczne

Ciało wydłużone, u większości gatunków pokryte łuskami; płetwa grzbietowa i odbytowa długa. Pęcherz pławny obecny. Pokrywa skrzelowa zwykle zakończona twardym kolcem. Żyworodne.

Klasyfikacja

Rodzaje zaliczane do tej rodziny[2] grupowane są w podrodzinach Brosmophycinae i Bythitinae:

Acarobythites — Alionematichthys — Anacanthobythites — Beaglichthys — Bellottia — Bidenichthys — Brosmodorsalis — Brosmolus — Brosmophyciops — Brosmophycis — Brotulinella — Bythites — Calamopteryx — Cataetyx — Dactylosurculus — Dermatopsis — Dermatopsoides — Diancistrus — Didymothallus — Dinematichthys — Diplacanthopoma — Dipulus — Ematops — Eusurculus — Fiordichthys — Grammonus — Gunterichthys — Hastatobythites — Hephthocara — Lapitaichthys — Lucifuga — Majungaichthys — Mascarenichthys — Melodichthys — Microbrotula — Monothrix — Nielsenichthys — Ogilbia — Ogilbichthys — Paradiancistrus — Porocephalichthys — Pseudogilbia — Pseudonus — Saccogaster — Stygnobrotula — Thermichthys — Timorichthys — Tuamotuichthys — Typhliasina — Ungusurculus — Zephyrichthys

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Bythitidae, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (7 June 2012) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 29 lipiec 2012].

Bibliografia

  1. Nielsen, J. G., D. M. Cohen, D. F. Markle, C. R. Robins. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 18. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearl-fishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. „FAO Fisheries Synopsis”. 125, 1999 (ang.).
  2. Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. Wyd. 4. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. (ang.)
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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Bythitidae – rodzina ryb wyślizgokształtnych (Ophidiiformes).

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Bythitidae ( Ukraynaca )

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  1. ↑ Neilsen, Jørgen G. (1998). У Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. с. 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  2. ↑ Nielsen, J.G., Schwarzhans, W. & Cohen, D.M. (2012): Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa, 3579: 1-36.

Посилання


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Bythitidae: Brief Summary ( Ukraynaca )

wikipedia UK tarafından sağlandı
Neilsen, Jørgen G. (1998). У Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. с. 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5. Nielsen, J.G., Schwarzhans, W. & Cohen, D.M. (2012): Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa, 3579: 1-36.
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Бититовые ( Rusça )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Семейство: Бититовые
Международное научное название

Bythitidae Gill, 1861

Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на ВикивидахCommons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе ITIS 165140NCBI 181401EOL 5412FW 266089

Бититовые[1] (лат. Bythitidae) — семейство лучепёрых рыб из отряда ошибнеобразных[2].

Живородящие рыбы, обитающие от умеренных до тропических широт всех океанов. Размеры колеблются от 38 мм до 70 см в длину, живут как в пресной, так и в морской воде, часто среди рифов, от поверхности воды до глубины 3000 метров. Существует несколько пещерных видов в Центральной Америке и Вест-Индии.

Классификация

В семейство включают 53 рода и 211 видов[2], в том числе:

Примечания

  1. ↑ Нельсон Д. С. Рыбы мировой фауны / Пер. 4-го перераб. англ. изд. Н. Г. Богуцкой, науч. ред-ры А. М. Насека, А. С. Герд. — М.: Книжный дом «ЛИБРОКОМ», 2009. — С. 353. — ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0.
  2. ↑ 1 2 Nelson J. S., Grande T. C., Wilson M. V. H. Fishes of the World. — 5th ed. — Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. — P. 318—319. — 752 p. — ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. — DOI:10.1002/9781119174844.
  3. ↑ Nielsen J. G., Schwarzhans W. & Cohen D. M. (2012). Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3579: 1—36.
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Бититовые: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Бититовые (лат. Bythitidae) — семейство лучепёрых рыб из отряда ошибнеобразных.

Живородящие рыбы, обитающие от умеренных до тропических широт всех океанов. Размеры колеблются от 38 мм до 70 см в длину, живут как в пресной, так и в морской воде, часто среди рифов, от поверхности воды до глубины 3000 метров. Существует несколько пещерных видов в Центральной Америке и Вест-Индии.

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胎鼬鳚科 ( Çince )

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科
  • 見內文

胎鼬鳚科（Bythitidae），又稱须鳚、深海鼬魚科 ，為鼬魚目的其中一科。是一種胎生魚，分佈於世界各地的熱帶及亞熱帶海域。其體型很小，約只有5～10厘米（2.0～3.9英寸），生活在珊瑚礁及水面，有些深海及洞穴种类，视觉功能几乎或完全退化。卵生或卵胎生。深海种类可见于约7300米深处，是该深度水层中数量最大的类群。[1]

到2002年為止，該科已發現有110多個新五物種，2006年丹麥和德國科學家又一次性新增26個，[2] 2007年由同樣的科學家新增8屬20種。[3]

分類

深海鼬魚科下分34個屬，如下：

参考文献

  1. ^ Neilsen, Jørgen G. Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., 编. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. 1998: 134. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
  2. ^ Schwarzhans, Werner; Møller, Peter Rask; Nielsen, Jørgen G. Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-West Pacific. Part I. Diancistrus and Two New Genera with 26 New Species. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 2005, 21: 73–163.
  3. ^ Schwarzhans & Møller. Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei, Bythitidae) of the Indo-West pacific. Part III. Beaglichthys, Brosmolus, Monothrix and 8 new genera with description of 20 new species.. The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory. 2007, 23: 29–110.
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胎鼬鳚科: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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胎鼬鳚科（Bythitidae），又稱须鳚、深海鼬魚科 ，為鼬魚目的其中一科。是一種胎生魚，分佈於世界各地的熱帶及亞熱帶海域。其體型很小，約只有5～10厘米（2.0～3.9英寸），生活在珊瑚礁及水面，有些深海及洞穴种类，视觉功能几乎或完全退化。卵生或卵胎生。深海种类可见于约7300米深处，是该深度水层中数量最大的类群。

到2002年為止，該科已發現有110多個新五物種，2006年丹麥和德國科學家又一次性新增26個， 2007年由同樣的科學家新增8屬20種。

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곱등양메기과 ( Korece )

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곱등양메기과(Bythitidae)는 첨치목에 속하는 조기어류 물고기 과이다.[1] 전세계의 열대 및 아열대 수역에서 발견된다. 작은 물고기로 몸길이는 5~10 cm 정도로 해수면 아래 또는 산호초 사이에서 서식한다. Ogilbia pearsei와 같은 일부 종은 유카탄 반도와 멕시코의 동굴과 돌리네에서 발견된다. 약 110여 종으로 이루어져 있다. 곱등양메기(Grammonus robustus) 등을 포함하고 있다.

하위 분류

곱등양메기과는 다음과 같이 분류한다.[1]

각주

  1. ↑ 가 나 (영어) "Bythitidae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. 2015년 1월 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2015년.
  2. ↑ Nielsen, J.G., Schwarzhans, W. & Cohen, D.M. (2012): Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa, 3579: 1–36.
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곱등양메기과: Brief Summary ( Korece )

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곱등양메기과(Bythitidae)는 첨치목에 속하는 조기어류 물고기 과이다. 전세계의 열대 및 아열대 수역에서 발견된다. 작은 물고기로 몸길이는 5~10 cm 정도로 해수면 아래 또는 산호초 사이에서 서식한다. Ogilbia pearsei와 같은 일부 종은 유카탄 반도와 멕시코의 동굴과 돌리네에서 발견된다. 약 110여 종으로 이루어져 있다. 곱등양메기(Grammonus robustus) 등을 포함하고 있다.

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