There is no known negative economic effect of this species on humans.
All sifakas are amazing leapers, jumping distances of up to thirty feet. When on the ground, they move by leaping sideways on their hind limbs.
Neither P. diadema candidus and P. diadema perrieri have been formally studied, and therefore little is known of their ecology and behavior. They are both extremely rare, and so time is running out to find out about these creatures (Garbutt, 1999).
Strangely enough, leaping primates (including sifakas), do not take adavantage of the elasticity of the substrates on which they move. Therefore, unlike most things in nature, leaping locomotion is not an evolutionarily efficient locomotory strategy for large-bodied primates (Demes, 1995).
As in all primate species, communication is rich and varied. Vocalizations are used mainly in maintaining group cohesion. Two alarm vocalizations are given in response to predators. The ground predator call is a "tzisk-tzisk-tzisk", and the aerial predator call is a "honk-honk-honk" (Wright, 1988, 1995; Garbutt, 1999; Mittermeier, 1994).
Scent marking is common, and males scent mark twice as often as females. Scent marking frequency doubles when approaching the territorial boundaries (Wright, 1988, 1995; Garbutt, 1999; Mittermeier, 1994).
In addition to vocal and chemical communication, these animals use tactile communication, in the form of grooming, play, and aggression. Tactile communication is likely to be of high importance between mothers and their offspring, as well as between mates.
Although not specifically reported for these animals, we may assume that, like other diurnal primates, they use visual signals in their communication also. These include but are not limited to facial expressions and body postures (Nowak, 1999).
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Both P. diadema candidus and P. diadema perrieri are given IUCN critically endangered status. All subspecies are threatened by habitat destruction. This occurs mainly in the form of slash-and-burn agriculture, but also as timber extraction. Most are also hunted for food, even in protected areas. All subspecies occur in at least one protected area.
In response to these threats, several reserves have been established within the last few decades. Also, campaigns to educate locals and find better methods of agriculture have been persued (Wright, 1992; Mittermeier, 1994; Garbutt, 1999).
US Federal List: endangered
CITES: appendix i
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: endangered
The existence of this rare and endemic species, as well as the rest of Madagascar's unique flora and fauna, has stimulated a large amount of ecotourism for the area. This, along with the establishment of several reserves in Madagascar's remaining forests, has helped to bolster the economy of a severely depressed nation (Wright, 1992).
Positive Impacts: ecotourism
As frugivores, these animals probably help to disperse seeds. As potential prey items, they may impact predator populations.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Propithecus diadema is herbivorous, eating only leaves, flowers, fruits, and young shoots. Approximately 25 species of plants are consumed in each of the two subspecies that have been studied (P. diadema edwardsi and P. diadema diadema). Propithecus diadema edwardsi has also been seen eating soil, possibly to detoxify plant poisons or to supplement their diet with trace elements (Garbutt, 1999).
Plant Foods: leaves; fruit; flowers
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore )
Propithecus diadema, like all lemurs, occurs only in Madagascar. Although all sifakas occur on the eastern side of the island, each of the four described subspecies has a distinct range (Garbutt, 1999).
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Sifakas generally inhabit mid-altitude rainforests. These animals mainly occur at elevations above 800 meters. The range of P. diadema candidus extends into montane rainforest. Rainfall in sifaka habitat is variable, from 2000 to 4000 mm per year, with most rainfall occurring during the summer months (December through March) (Wright, 1995; Garbutt, 1999).
Range elevation: 800 (low) m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest ; mountains
The longevity of this species has not been reported. However, an individual of another species in the genus, Propithecus verreauxi, is reported to have lived beyon 23 years on captivity (Nowak, 1999). It is likely that P. diadema is capable of reaching similar ages.
Members of the genus Propithecus reach lengths between 450 and 550 mm, with the tail adding an additional 432 to 560 mm. Propithecus diadema weighs between 5 and 7 kg.
Each subspecies is phenotypically unique. Propithecus diadema diadema is often reported to be the largest extant lemur. These animals have a white head, grey shoulders, tail, and back, and golden limbs. Propithecus diadema edwardsi is almost completely grey/black, with a white back. Propithecus diadema candidus has almost completely white pelage with tints of grey. Propithecus diadema perrieri is completely black. All subspecies have dark naked faces and red-orange eyes.
The only other animals with which these animals might be confused are indris. However, sifakas have a very long tail, which distinguishes them from short-tailed indris.
Range mass: 5 to 7 kg.
Range length: 450 to 550 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Individuals of all ages and both sexes are subject to predation. No documented cases of predation by reptiles or raptors exist, but suspected avian predators include Madagascar harrier-hawks and Henst's goshawks. The main predators of P. diadema are probably fossas, an ambush predator that takes advantage of any opportunities available.
Two alarm vocalizations are given in response to predators. The ground predator call is a "tzisk-tzisk-tzisk", and the aerial predator call is a "honk-honk-honk" (Wright, 1988, 1995; Garbutt, 1999; Mittermeier, 1994).
Known Predators:
Our current understanding of the mating system of this species is limited. Mating occurs between resident males and resident females, with no recorded cases of invading males successfully copulating. There is a hierarchy system for mating, and it seems that only the dominant male copulates with the females. Submissive males may show aggression and attempt to keep the dominant male from mating.
Mating System: polygynous
The best data on reproduction exists for P. diadema edwardsi, but data for other subspecies suggest that they are similar. Copulations occur in summer, in the months of December and January. Gestation period is around 180 days (approximately six months). Females give birth to one or two offspring in the winter months (May, June, July).
Offspring are carried by their mother. The young may nurse up to the age of 2, although by this time, mother's milk does not provide them with a substantial amount of their nutrition. Sexual maturity is reached at four years for females and five years for males. Birth rates are approximately 0.5 offspring per female per year (Wright, 1995; Garbutt, 1999).
Breeding interval: Females are able to produce offspring every two years.
Breeding season: Copulations occur in summer, in the months of December and January
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average gestation period: 180 days.
Range weaning age: 24 (high) months.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 4 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 5 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
Average birth mass: 145 g.
Average gestation period: 157 days.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male: 913 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female: 1186 days.
Offspring initially cling to the mother's belly, switching to her back at around one month of age. Nursing begins to decrease from the age of two months, although the process of weaning is protracted. At six months of age, less than half of the offspring's diet consists of the mother's milk. At one year of age, suckling during the day ceases. Suckling during the night, however, may continue until the infant is two years old.
In addition to food, the mother provides her young with protection, grooming, and socialization.
The role of males in parental care has not been described.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Protecting: Female); extended period of juvenile learning
Ar sifaka talgenet[1] a zo ur primat, Propithecus diadema an anv skiantel anezhañ.
Tiriad Propithecus diadema e ruz. Brosezat eo al loen e reter Madagaskar.
Ar sifaka talgenet a zo ur primat, Propithecus diadema an anv skiantel anezhañ.
El sifaca de diadema (Propithecus diadema) és una espècie de sifaca. Com totes les altres espècies de lèmurs, el sifaca de diadema és endèmic de Madagascar, on viu a boscos de la part oriental de l'illa. La UICN classifica aquest sifaca com a espècie "en perill d'extinció".[1]
El sifaca de diadema (Propithecus diadema) és una espècie de sifaca. Com totes les altres espècies de lèmurs, el sifaca de diadema és endèmic de Madagascar, on viu a boscos de la part oriental de l'illa. La UICN classifica aquest sifaca com a espècie "en perill d'extinció".
Der Diademsifaka (Propithecus diadema) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Indriartigen innerhalb der Lemuren.
Diademsifakas zählen zu den buntesten Lemurenarten. Ihr Fell ist lang und seidig, die Färbung einzelner Tiere kann beträchtlich voneinander abweichen. Generell ist der Kopf weiß, an der Oberseite des Kopfes befindet sich ein schwarzer Fleck, der sich bis zum Nacken erstreckt. Das Gesicht ist unbehaart und ebenfalls schwarz, die Augen sind rotbraun. Die Schultern und der obere Teil des Rückens sind schwarz oder dunkelgrau, der Rücken wird nach hinten hin hellgrau bis weißlich, der Schwanz ist weiß. Ebenfalls weiß oder hellgrau sind die Brust und der Bauch. Die Arme und Beine sind orange bis goldgelb gefärbt, die Hände und Füße schwarz. Im Süden des Verbreitungsgebietes sind die Tiere manchmal deutlich dunkler, so ist der Kopf bis auf einen weißen Stirnfleck dunkelgrau oder schwarz. Ob es sich dabei um eine eigene Unterart handelt, ist noch nicht geklärt.
Diademsifakas erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 50 bis 55 Zentimetern, der Schwanz misst 44 bis 50 Zentimeter. Das Gewicht der Tiere beträgt 5 bis 8 Kilogramm, damit sind sie die größten Sifakas und die zweitgrößten lebenden Lemuren nach dem Indri.
Wie alle Lemuren leben Diademsifakas auf Madagaskar. Ihr Verbreitungsgebiet liegt an der Ostküste der Insel zwischen dem Fluss Mananara im Norden und den Flüssen Mangoro und Onive im Süden. Ihr Lebensraum sind tropische Regenwälder, sie kommen bis in 1700 Meter Seehöhe vor.
Diese Primaten sind tagaktive Baumbewohner. Sie bewegen sich senkrecht kletternd und springend fort, kommen manchmal aber auch auf den Boden. Sie leben in Gruppen von bis zu acht Tieren, diese Gruppen setzen sich aus mehreren Männchen und Weibchen sowie dem gemeinsamen Nachwuchs zusammen. Gruppen bewohnen Reviere von 25 bis 60 Hektar, die mit Drüsensekreten markiert werden. Die Länge der täglichen Streifzüge beträgt rund 500 bis 1700 Meter. Die Gruppenmitglieder kommunizieren mit Lauten untereinander, Laute werden aber kaum zum Anzeigen des Territoriums verwendet. Die Gruppen werden von den Weibchen dominiert, häufig bildet eine Familie naher verwandten Weibchen den Kern der Gruppe.
Die Nahrung der Diademsifakas besteht aus Blättern, Früchten, Samen und Knospen; am Boden fressen sie heruntergefallene Früchte, Pilze und manchmal Erde.
Nach einer rund 170- bis 180-tägigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen im Juni meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Diese klammert sich zunächst an den Bauch der Mutter und reitet später auf ihrem Rücken. Nach sechs Monaten werden die Jungtiere endgültig entwöhnt. Beim Eintreten der Geschlechtsreife müssen die Männchen ihre Geburtsgruppe verlassen, die Weibchen verbleiben meist darin.
Hauptbedrohung der Diademsifakas ist die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraum durch Brandrodungen und Abholzungen, gebietsweise werden sie auch bejagt. Die IUCN schätzt, dass in den letzten 30 Jahren (drei Generationen) die Population um mehr als 50 % zurückgegangen ist und listet die Art als „stark gefährdet“ (endangered).
In Europa wird die Art nicht mehr gehalten, einziger Halter war London.[1]
Der Diademsifaka bildet zusammen mit dem Seidensifaka, dem Edwards-Sifaka und dem Perrier-Sifaka die diadema-Artgengruppe innerhalb der Gattung der Sifakas. Alle genannten Arten galten bis vor kurzem als seine Unterarten, werden heute jedoch als eigenständig klassifiziert.
Der Diademsifaka (Propithecus diadema) ist eine Primatenart aus der Familie der Indriartigen innerhalb der Lemuren.
The diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), or diademed simpona, is an endangered species of sifaka, one of the lemurs endemic to certain rainforests in eastern Madagascar. Along with the indri, this species is one of the two largest living lemurs, with an average weight of 6.5 kg[4] and a total adult length of approximately 105 centimetres (41 inches),[5] half of which is its tail. Russell Mittermeier, one of the contemporary authorities on lemurs, describes the diademed sifaka as "one of the most colorful and attractive of all the lemurs", having a long and silky coat.[6] P. diadema is also known by the Malagasy names simpona, simpony and ankomba joby. The term "diademed sifaka" is also used as a group species designation formerly encompassing four distinct subspecies.
P. diadema is readily distinguished from all the other lemur species by its characteristic markings and large physical size. Its entire coat is moderately long, silky and luxuriant. The long white fur encircling his muzzle and covering its cheeks, forehead and chin, engenders the "diadem" or crown appearance. Its eyes are a reddish brown, the muzzle is short, and the face is bare with colourisation of darkish gray to jet black. The crown fur is also quite black and often extends to the nape of the neck. The upper back and shoulder fur are slate grayish, although the lower back is lighter in colour attaining a silvery quality. Flanks and tail are a paler gray, sometimes even white, as is the case for ventral fur. Hands and feet are entirely black, while arms, legs and base of tail are a yellowish-golden hue. Only the male is endowed with a large cutaneous gland at the exterior center of the throat, which feature is typically reddish brown.
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The diademed sifaka is one of the mostly widely distributed member of the genus Propithecus, although definitive mapping of its range has not been conducted.[7] The species occurs from 200 to 800 metres (656 to 2,624 feet) elevation throughout much of the eastern Madagascar lowland forests, and from 800 to 1,550 metres (2,624 to 5,084 feet) in portions of the montane Madagascar subhumid forests. These two ecoregions have been designated as a Global 200 ecoregion, one of the world's most significant regions for conservation. Geographically the range extends to at least the Mananara River in the north to the Onive and Mongoro Rivers in the south. One set of researchers has recorded a clinal variation between Propithecus diadema and Propithecus edwardsi in the extreme southern portion of the range.[8] As with all Indriidae, this species and its entire genus have evolved on the island of Madagascar independent of other mainland African species.
An anomalous outlier population of P. diadema has been discovered in south central Madagascar; the members of this population exhibit an array of different colour markings, including at least one observation of an all black lemur. DNA analyses have not resulted in consistent results as to whether this group of individuals should constitute a new species. Scientists have decided to classify this outlier group as P. diadema until further research warrants designation of a separate species.
Specific locations for sighting the diademed sifaka are Mantadia National Park (approximately three hours in driving time from the capital city of Antananarivo) and in the forests of Tsinjoarivo.[9]
The diademed sifaka forms groups typically of two to ten individuals, which may include multiple male and female adults. Each troop defends an exclusive home territory of 25 to 50 hectares (62 to 125 acres) using perimeter scent territorial marking by both the males and females. Although the diademed sifaka defends the group's territory strongly against other members of their same species, it will share territory with other species such as the red-bellied lemur and the common brown lemur. P. diadema is thought to traverse the greatest daily path distance relative to other members of its family in its patrolling and foraging, attaining a typical travel distance in excess of 1.6 kilometres (one mile) per day. To accomplish this it consumes a diet high in energy content and diverse in plant content, each day consuming over 25 different vegetative species. This diurnal lemur further diversifies its diet by consuming not only fruits, but certain flowers, seeds and verdant leaves, in proportions that vary by season.
For a large lemur, the diademed sifaka is rather athletic, being capable of lateral aerial propulsion of up to 30 kilometers per hour, a result of muscular leg thrusting action pushing off from a vertical tree trunk. It is possible, although not proven, that its vigorous health characteristics are enhanced from high consumption of two plants which contain high concentrations of alkaloids. This species is arboreal, and only rarely are seen on the ground; moreover, it is a vertical clinger and lateral leaper.
The diademed sifaka makes a warning call resembling the sound "kiss-sneeze" when a terrestrial predator is perceived;[10] the sole terrestrial predators of P. diadema are the fossa and Nile crocodile.
Sexual maturity occurs after age two or three, with the male maturing somewhat more slowly than the female. Little is known of mating behaviour; however, it is believed that the female is receptive to mating only a few days per year. Being dominant, the female has the greatest input to mate selection. Copulation occurs in the summer (around December), and the expected number of births is one offspring per female per annum.
The diademed sifaka is classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, and is listed in CITES Appendix I.[2] As of the year 2002, population estimates for the species range between 6,000 and 10,000 individuals.[11] The primary threat is habitat reduction due to shifting cultivation by native peoples. This threat is also present even within designated national parks, which are sufficiently distant from the center of government, that enforcement of existing national laws protecting P. diadema habitat is problematic. Pressures of population growth in central and eastern Madagascar are causing many of the rural poor to seek subsistence by seizing whatever forest lands are available and undertaking slash-and-burn tactics as their initial step in a shifting cultivation system. Returns from such land use are usually meager, yielding small amounts of charcoal, firewood or grass crop for grazing of zebu.
The diademed sifaka and three other sifaka species form a tight species group within the genus Propithecus. The other three species are Milne-Edwards' sifaka (Propithecus edwardsi), Perrier's sifaka (P. perrieri), and the silky sifaka (P. candidus). All of these species have luxuriant silky coats and are powerful leapers. They share similar characteristics of gestation length (four months), age of sexual maturity, female dominance, life expectancy (18 years) and propensity for sunbathing while stretched out on a branch. They differ distinctly in colouration and markings, except for having universally totally black faces.
The diademed sifaka (Propithecus diadema), or diademed simpona, is an endangered species of sifaka, one of the lemurs endemic to certain rainforests in eastern Madagascar. Along with the indri, this species is one of the two largest living lemurs, with an average weight of 6.5 kg and a total adult length of approximately 105 centimetres (41 inches), half of which is its tail. Russell Mittermeier, one of the contemporary authorities on lemurs, describes the diademed sifaka as "one of the most colorful and attractive of all the lemurs", having a long and silky coat. P. diadema is also known by the Malagasy names simpona, simpony and ankomba joby. The term "diademed sifaka" is also used as a group species designation formerly encompassing four distinct subspecies.
El sifaca diademado o de diadema (Propithecus diadema) es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Indriidae catalogado como "en peligro", que habita en la selva lluviosa del este de Madagascar. El sifaca diademado es una de las especies de lémures más grandes del mundo.[2]
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El sifaca diademado o de diadema (Propithecus diadema) es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Indriidae catalogado como "en peligro", que habita en la selva lluviosa del este de Madagascar. El sifaca diademado es una de las especies de lémures más grandes del mundo.
Valgelaup-sifaka (Propithecus diadema) on indrilaste sugukonda sifaka perekonda kuuluv poolahv.
Ta on kogukam kui samasse perekonda kuuluv tuttsifaka, kuid eluviisilt sellega sarnane. Ta on üks suurimaid tänapäevaseid poolahve: täiskasvanud isendi pikkus on keskmiselt 105 cm, millest poole moodustab saba. Tal on pikk ja siidine karvastik ning teda on kirjeldatud ühena kõige värvilisematest ja atraktiivsematest poolahvidest.
Ta elab Kagu-Madagaskari vihmametsades ja kuulub ohustatud liikide hulka. Valgelaup-sifakate vaatlemise kohad asuvad Mantadia rahvuspargis ja Tsinjoarivo metsades.
Ta elutseb salkades, kuhu kuulub harilikult 2–10 isendit. Salka võib kuuluda mitu täiskasvanud isast ja mitu täiskasvanud emast. Ühele salgale võib kuuluda 25–60 hektari suurune maa-ala, mille piire tähistavad lõhnanäärmete eritisega nii emas- kui isasloomad. Salk kaitseb oma maa-ala küll teiste valgelaup-sifakate eest, kuid võib seda jagada näiteks leemuritega. Selleks, et oma maa-ala piire tähistada, läbib valgelaup-sifaka suhteliselt pikki vahemaid, üle poolteise kilomeetri päevas. Seetõttu sööb ta mitmekesist ja energiarikast taimtoitu: üle 25 eri liiki taimi iga päev. Ta sööb mitte ainult puuvilju, vaid ka lilli, seemneid ja lehti. Toidu proportsioonid muutuvad aastaajati. Toidu suhtes on ta väga valiv.
Suure poolahvi kohta on valgelaup-sifaka küllaltki jõuline. Ta suudab külgsuunas läbi õhu liikuda kiirusega kuni 30 km/h. Tal on musklis jalad, millega suudab end vertikaalselt puutüvelt külgsuunas kaugele tõugata. On võimalik, ehkki tõestamata, et sellist jõudu soodustab kahe taime söömine, mis sisaldavad suures koguses alkaloide. Valgelaup-sifaka on puiseluline: maapinnal nähakse teda harva, pigem ronib ta püstise puu otsa ja hüppab külgsuunas teise puu otsa.
Tema ainsad looduslikud vaenlased on fossa ja niiluse krokodill. Kui röövloom saabub salga maa-alale, teeb valgelaup-sifaka hoiatushäälitsuse, mis meenutab suudluse heli.
Suguline küpsus saabub 2–3-aastaselt nagu teistelgi sifakatel, isastel pisut hiljem kui emastel. Nende paljunemiskäitumisest on teada vähe, kuid usutakse, et emane on selles osas vastuvõtlik üksnes paaril päeval aastas. Emasloom on domineeriv nagu teistelgi sifakatel ja paaride moodustumises on emasel suurem osa. Kopulatsioon toimub millalgi suvel (detsembris) ja üldiselt toob iga emane igal aastal ühe poja ilmale. Tiinus kestab 4 kuud nagu teistelgi sifakatel ja elu kestab kuni 18 aastat nagu teistelgi sifakatel.
Propithecus diadema arriskuan dagoen sifaka espezie bat da, Madagaskarreko ekialdeko baso tropikaletan bizi diren lemuretako bat. Lemurerik handienetariko bat da, helduak direnean 105 zentimetro inguru, horren erdia isatsa delarik. Malgatxez simpona, simpony edo ankomba joby izenak hartzen ditu.
Propithecus diadema arriskuan dagoen sifaka espezie bat da, Madagaskarreko ekialdeko baso tropikaletan bizi diren lemuretako bat. Lemurerik handienetariko bat da, helduak direnean 105 zentimetro inguru, horren erdia isatsa delarik. Malgatxez simpona, simpony edo ankomba joby izenak hartzen ditu.
Kruunusifaka (Propithecus diadema) on sifakoiden sukuun kuuluva laji. Sillä on tumman naaman ympärillä vaaleaa karvaa, mistä muodostuu ympyrämäinen kehys naaman ympärille. Turkin väri on enimmäkseen tumman sävyinen, mutta raajoissa on oranssia tai kullankeltaista väriä. Ruumiin pituus on noin 50 cm. Eläin on päiväaktiivinen ja liikkuu pienissä laumoissa. Kruunusifakaa tavataan Madagaskarilla. Paritteluaika on Tammi- maaliskuussa ja naaraan tiineys kestää noin puoli vuotta. Yhdellä kertaa syntyy yksi poikanen.[3] Kruunusifakaa uhkaa sademetsien väheneminen. Laji on äärimmäisen uhanalainen.[1]
Kruunusifaka (Propithecus diadema) on sifakoiden sukuun kuuluva laji. Sillä on tumman naaman ympärillä vaaleaa karvaa, mistä muodostuu ympyrämäinen kehys naaman ympärille. Turkin väri on enimmäkseen tumman sävyinen, mutta raajoissa on oranssia tai kullankeltaista väriä. Ruumiin pituus on noin 50 cm. Eläin on päiväaktiivinen ja liikkuu pienissä laumoissa. Kruunusifakaa tavataan Madagaskarilla. Paritteluaika on Tammi- maaliskuussa ja naaraan tiineys kestää noin puoli vuotta. Yhdellä kertaa syntyy yksi poikanen. Kruunusifakaa uhkaa sademetsien väheneminen. Laji on äärimmäisen uhanalainen.
Propithèque à diadème
Le Propithèque à diadème (Propithecus diadema), ou Sifaka à diadème, est un lémurien de la famille des indridés.
Propithecus diadema est le plus grand représentant des propithèques, ou sifakas. Sa grande taille lui permet de rivaliser avec l'Indri pour le titre de plus grand lémurien vivant (il mesure en moyenne entre 94 et 105 cm, et pèse entre 6,0 et 8,5 kg.
P. diadema est également l'un des sifakas les plus colorés, avec son front, ses joues et sa gorge de couleur blanche, et sa couronne noire qui va de la nuque jusqu'au bas du dos. Son museau et sa tête sont noires, les yeux rouge-marron. Les membres supérieurs et inférieurs vont de l'orange au jaune doré, les mains et les pieds sont noirs. Le ventre est quant à lui généralement blanc ou gris.
Ce propithèque se trouve dans toutes les forêts tropicales humides de l'Est de Madagascar.
Malheureusement, P. diadema est une espèce en danger, à cause de la réduction de son territoire, due notamment à la culture extensive sur brûlis et aux exploitations minières.
Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (12 décembre 2014)[1] :
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Propithèque à diadème
Le Propithèque à diadème (Propithecus diadema), ou Sifaka à diadème, est un lémurien de la famille des indridés.
Il sifaka diadema (Propithecus diadema Bennett, 1832) è un lemure della famiglia degli Indriidae, endemico del Madagascar
È considerato, insieme all'Indri indri, uno dei più grandi lemuri viventi: misura in media tra 94 e 105 cm, e pesa tra 6 e 8,5 kg.
La sua pelliccia, folta e setosa, è una delle più colorate e variegate di tutte le specie di lemuri. Il carattere distintivo della specie, cui è dovuto l'epiteto specifico diadema, è rappresentato dalla presenza di una corona di pelo bianco che ricopre le guance, il muso e la fronte. Il resto della faccia è glabro e nero, gli occhi sono bruno-rossastri.
Il pelo che ricopre la parte superiore della schiena e le spalle è di colore grigio ardesia, che degrada verso il grigio argento nella parte inferiore. I fianchi, il ventre e la coda sono di colore grigio pallido, a volte anche bianco. Mani e piedi sono interamente neri, mentre gli arti superiori e inferiori e la base della coda sono di colore giallastro dorato. Il maschio è dotato di un'ampia ghiandolacutanea in corrispondenza della gola, che conferisce al pelo di questa zona una colorazione bruno-rossastra.
È una specie arboricola con abitudini diurne.
Vive in gruppi di 2-8 individui che marcano il loro territorio con secrezioni odorose.
Si nutre prevalentemente di foglie, frutti, giovani germogli e fiori.
La femmina dà alla luce un solo piccolo per anno, in genere nel periodo di maggio-luglio. I piccoli trascorrono il primo mese di vita aggrappati alla pancia della madre.
La maturità sessuale è raggiunta a 4 a 5 anni di età.
Il P. diadema è diffuso in poche residue aree di foresta pluviale del Madagascar orientale, tra il fiume Mangoro a sud sino a Maroantsetra a nord.
L'ampiezza del suo attuale areale è stimata in 25-50 ha.
In passato venivano considerate sottospecie del Propithecus diadema anche il sifaka di Milne-Edwards (Propithecus edwardsi sin.= Propithecus diadema edwardsi), il sifaka di Perrier (Propithecus perrieri sin.= Propithecus diadema perrieri) ed il sifaka candido (Propithecus candidus sin.= Propithecus diadema candidus) che oggi sono considerate specie a sé stanti.
La specie, per la esiguità numerica della popolazione e per la ristrettezza del suo areale è considerata dalla IUCN in pericolo critico di estinzione.
La Zoological Society of London, in base a criteri di unicità evolutiva e di esiguità della popolazione, considera il P. diadema una delle 100 specie di mammiferi a maggiore rischio di estinzione.
Parte del suo areale ricade all'interno del Parco Nazionale di Andasibe-Mantadia, situato a circa 3 ore di macchina da Antananarivo.
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Il sifaka diadema (Propithecus diadema Bennett, 1832) è un lemure della famiglia degli Indriidae, endemico del Madagascar
Diademinė sifaka (lot. Propithecus diadema, angl. Diademed Sifaka, vok. Diademsifaka) – indrinių (Indriidae) šeimos primatas. Paplitusios Madagaskare. Žinomi du porūšiai.
Šis straipsnis apie zoologiją yra nebaigtas. Jūs galite prisidėti prie Vikipedijos papildydami šį straipsnį. De diadeemsifaka (Propithecus diadema) is een dagactieve lemuur uit het geslacht van de sifaka's (Propithecus). Dit is een van de drie geslachten uit de familie van de indriachtigen (Indriidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Edward Turner Bennett in 1832.[2] De Malagassiërs noemen het dier radjako of ankomba joby. Zoals alle lemuren is de diadeemsifaka endemisch op Madagaskar.
De diadeemsifaka wordt door velen beschouwd als de fraaiste lemuur.[3] Zijn lange, zijdeachtige vacht is grijs op zijn rug en oranje of goud op zijn armen en benen. Zijn staart wordt vaak omlijst door een goud-oranje vlek. Het naakte, donkerkleurige gezicht is omlijst met wit haar, terwijl de kruin zwart is. Aan deze zwarte 'bekroning' dankt de sifaka zijn naam.[4] De kleuren kunnen licht verschillen per gebied.
Net als alle sifaka's heeft de diadeemsifaka relatief korte armen en lange sterke benen.[5] Met een kop-romplengte van 50 tot 55 centimeter is de diadeemsifaka na de indri de grootste, niet uitgesstorven lemuur. De staartlengte varieert tussen de 44 en 50 centimeter en een volwassen diadeemsifaka weegt tussen de 4.75 en 8.5 kilogram.[3]
De diadeemsifaka heeft, net als alle lemuren, een tandenkam die dient om de vacht te verzorgen of vruchtvlees van een pit te schrapen.[6]
De diadeemsifaka markeert zijn leefomgeving van tussen de 25 en 60 hectares door middel van geursporen. In een groep van acht of meer individuen gaan ze overdag op zoek naar voedsel en kun dan per dag enkele honderden meters afleggen.[3] Het dieet bestaat uit bladeren, knoppen, bloemen, zaden en fruit.[7]
De paartijd van de diadeemsifaka ligt tussen januari en maart. De draagtijd van telkens één jong bedraagt 170 tot 180 dagen. Het pasgeboren jong klemt zich onmiddellijk aan de buik van de moeder vast, maar wanneer hij ouder geworden is, houdt hij zich vast aan de rug.[3]
Wanneer er gevaar dreigt vanuit de lucht, zoals de nabijheid van een holenkiekendief (Polyboroides radiatus) of een madagaskarhavik (Accipiter henstii), waarschuwt een diadeemsifaka zijn soortgenoten door een luid 'honk-honk-honk'. Wanneer er voor andere predatoren wordt gewaarschuwd, zoals de fretkat (Cryptoprocta ferox), laat de diadeemsifaka een niesgeluid horen, wat ongeveer klinkt als 'tzisk-tzisk-tzisk'.
Diadeemsifaka's komen voor in laaglanden en regenwouden in het oosten van Madagaskar, rond de rivieren Mananara, Mangoro en Onive. Ze zijn waargenomen tot 1630 meter boven het zeeniveau.[2]
Door vernietiging van regenwouden in het oosten van Madagaskar gaat het aantal diadeemsifaka's sterk achteruit. Ze worden beschermd in de volgende parken en reservaten:
Ook in andere parken en reservaten komt hij voor en er zijn plannen om hen ook daar te beschermen. Bovendien wordt er bekeken of het mogelijk is om fokprogramma's op te starten voor de diadeemsifaka.[8] Buiten Madagaskar is één mannelijk exemplaar in gevangenschap gehouden, namelijk in Duke Lemur Center in North Carolina, Verenigde Staten.[9]
De diadeemsifaka (Propithecus diadema) is een dagactieve lemuur uit het geslacht van de sifaka's (Propithecus). Dit is een van de drie geslachten uit de familie van de indriachtigen (Indriidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Edward Turner Bennett in 1832. De Malagassiërs noemen het dier radjako of ankomba joby. Zoals alle lemuren is de diadeemsifaka endemisch op Madagaskar.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Sifaka diademowa[3] (Propithecus diadema) – gatunek ssaka naczelnego z rodziny indrisowatych (Indridae).
Długość ciała ok. 53 cm, długość ogona ok. 50 cm. Krótka, gęsta sierść z miękkim, długim włosem o zmiennej barwie – czarny, szary lub rudobrązowy. Umaszczenie zależy od środowiska, w jakim zwierzę żyje – im wilgotniejszy klimat, tym ciemniejsze. Twarz naga, czarna. Między ramieniem a tułowiem fałd skórny, działający niczym spadochron i umożliwiający wykonywanie dłuższych skoków.
Wschodni i północny Madagaskar[4], na południe od rzeki Mangoro. Żyją w koronach drzew.
Prowadzi dzienny i nadrzewny tryb życia, bardzo rzadko schodzi na ziemię. Żyje w małych grupach (6-10 osobników), roślinożerna, zjada liście, kwiaty, korę i owoce. Po pięciomiesięcznej ciąży samica rodzi jedno młode.
Gatunek zagrożony wyginięciem, chroniony prawem międzynarodowym. Trudny do utrzymania w niewoli, dlatego rzadko prezentowany w ogrodach zoologicznych.
Sifaka diademowa (Propithecus diadema) – gatunek ssaka naczelnego z rodziny indrisowatych (Indridae).
Os Sifakas diademados (Propithecus diadema) são uma espécie Em Perigo segundo a IUCN, um dos lêmures endêmicos nas florestas tropicais de Madagascar.[1] Esta espécie é uma das maiores existentes de lêmures, pois pode chegar até 105 cm de tamanho, e até 55 cm de cauda. Russell Mittermeier, um dos primatologistas existentes, descreve o sifaka diademado como "um dos mais belos e coloridos lêmures existentes", tendo um belo e lanoso pelo. Como todos prossímios esses primatas desenvolveram há 55 milhões de anos atrás (Madagascar separou do continente Africano há 90 milhões de anos.). P. diadema tem o nome de Diademado, por em sua cabeça haver um arranjo de pelos que parecem com a diadema, acessório usado no cabelo.
Os Sifakas diademados (Propithecus diadema) são uma espécie Em Perigo segundo a IUCN, um dos lêmures endêmicos nas florestas tropicais de Madagascar. Esta espécie é uma das maiores existentes de lêmures, pois pode chegar até 105 cm de tamanho, e até 55 cm de cauda. Russell Mittermeier, um dos primatologistas existentes, descreve o sifaka diademado como "um dos mais belos e coloridos lêmures existentes", tendo um belo e lanoso pelo. Como todos prossímios esses primatas desenvolveram há 55 milhões de anos atrás (Madagascar separou do continente Africano há 90 milhões de anos.). P. diadema tem o nome de Diademado, por em sua cabeça haver um arranjo de pelos que parecem com a diadema, acessório usado no cabelo.
Diademsifaka (Propithecus diadema) är en primat i familjen indrier som förekommer på Madagaskar.
Artens päls är mycket färggrann och färgerna varierar vanligen mellan de olika individerna. Huvudet är allmänt vit med en svart fläck som sträcker sig från pannan till nacken. Ansiktet saknar hår och har en svart hud, ögonfärgen är rödbrun. På skuldran och övre delen av ryggen är pälsen svart- till gråaktig. Färgen blir sedan ner mot svansen mera vitaktig och svansen själv är vit. Likaså är bröstet ljusgrå till vitaktig. Extremiteternas päls har en orange till guldgul färg. Fram- och bakfötterna är främst svarta. I södra delen av utbredningsområdet är individerna tydligen mörkare men det är oklart om de utgör en självständig underart.[2]
Vuxna individer når en kroppslängd mellan 50 och 55 cm och därtill kommer en 44 till 50 cm lång svans. Vikten ligger mellan 5 och 8 kg.[2] Så är diademsifakan den näst största arten i delordningen Lemuriformes, efter indrin (Indri indri).
Diademsifakan lever endemisk på Madagaskar. Utbredningsområdet sträcker sig längs öns östra kustlinje mellan floden Mananara i norr och floderna Mangoro samt Onive i söder. Habitatet utgörs av regnskogar upp till 1 700 meter över havet.[1]
Denna primat lever i träd och är främst aktiv på dagen. Den klättrar och hoppar från gren till gren och vistas ibland på marken. Diademsifakan bildar grupper med upp till åtta (eller några fler) individer som består av vuxna hannar och honor samt deras ungar.[1] Honorna är dominanta i flocken. Varje grupp har ett revir som är 25 till 60 hektar stort och som markeras med körtelvätska. Per dag vandrar de 500 till 1 700 meter. Kommunikationen sker med olika läten.[2]
Födan utgörs främst av blad, frukter, frön och nya växtskott. På marken äter de även svampar och i sällsynta fall jord.[2]
Dräktigheten varar i 170 till 180 dagar och sedan föds oftast i juni ett enda ungdjur (sällan tvillingar). Ungen klamrar sig i början fast vid moderns buk och senare även på ryggen. Honan slutar efter cirka 6 månader med digivning (sällan efter två år).[2] När hannarna når könsmognaden måste de vanligen lämna gruppen medan honor får stanna hela livet.
Arten hotas främst av skogsavverkningar och i mindre mått av jakt. IUCN uppskattar att beståndet under de senaste 30 åren (tre generationer) minskade med 50 procent. Därför listas diademsifakan som starkt hotad (endangered).[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Diademsifaka.
Diademsifaka (Propithecus diadema) är en primat i familjen indrier som förekommer på Madagaskar.
Propithecus diadema là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Indridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Bennett mô tả năm 1832.[2]
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IUCN
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Propithecus diadema là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Indridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Bennett mô tả năm 1832.
Диадемовый сифака[1][2][3][4], или белолобый индри[3] (лат. Propithecus diadema) — вид сифаки семейства индриевых, величиной с собаку средних размеров: длина туловища 52 см, хвоста 46,5 см, масса от 6 до 7,25 кг. Имеет длинный мех белого цвета, на шее и макушке головы окрашена чёрным. Передние и задние конечности окрашены в золотистый цвет, ступни чёрные.
Сифака живёт семейными группами по 2—5 особей, которая занимает территорию 20 га. Обитает в дождевых лесах Мадагаскара на севере от реки Мангуру[en] до реки Антайнамбалана[en]. Питается листьями, цветами и фруктами. Половая зрелость наступает в возрасте 2—3 года. Самка приносит потомство (1 детёныш) каждый год. Срок жизни 25—30 лет.
Жизнь в природе этого вида является недостаточно изученной, в неволе от них потомства получить не удалось.
Иногда выделяют три подвида:[5]
Это заготовка статьи по приматологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Диадемовый сифака, или белолобый индри (лат. Propithecus diadema) — вид сифаки семейства индриевых, величиной с собаку средних размеров: длина туловища 52 см, хвоста 46,5 см, масса от 6 до 7,25 кг. Имеет длинный мех белого цвета, на шее и макушке головы окрашена чёрным. Передние и задние конечности окрашены в золотистый цвет, ступни чёрные.
Сифака живёт семейными группами по 2—5 особей, которая занимает территорию 20 га. Обитает в дождевых лесах Мадагаскара на севере от реки Мангуру[en] до реки Антайнамбалана[en]. Питается листьями, цветами и фруктами. Половая зрелость наступает в возрасте 2—3 года. Самка приносит потомство (1 детёныш) каждый год. Срок жизни 25—30 лет.
Жизнь в природе этого вида является недостаточно изученной, в неволе от них потомства получить не удалось.
Иногда выделяют три подвида:
Propithecus diadema diadema Propithecus diadema marshi Propithecus diadema perrieri
冕狐猴（学名 Propithecus diadema）是冕狐猴属的典型物种，目前已经濒危。产于马达加斯加东部的雨林，是最大的狐猴之一。成年冕狐猴的体长约为105厘米[2]，其中一半为尾长。素食，以當地的樹和乾旱刺林植物為食物[3]。
冕狐猴（学名 Propithecus diadema）是冕狐猴属的典型物种，目前已经濒危。产于马达加斯加东部的雨林，是最大的狐猴之一。成年冕狐猴的体长约为105厘米，其中一半为尾长。素食，以當地的樹和乾旱刺林植物為食物。
왕관시파카 (Propithecus diadema)는 멸종 위기에 있는 시파카의 일종으로, 마다가스카르 동부의 특정 우림이 원 서식지인 여우원숭이 중 하나이다. 이 종들은 세계에 현존하는 여우원숭이들 중에서 가장 큰 여우원숭이로, 다 자라면 전체 몸길이가 약 105cm에 이르며, 꼬리 길이는 몸길이의 반 정도이다.[3]
