View data on Catalog of Fishes here.
Esca with a single conical to elongate, internally pigmented (except for distal tip) anterior appendage, less than one-seventh to nearly one-third length of escal bulb; medial escal appendages absent; a posterior escal appendage consisting of a swollen basal portion and a somewhat compressed distal crest, with a posterior filament or filaments and a pair of anterior lobes each bearing none to numerous filaments; anterolateral escal appendages and basal series of filaments absent; a subcutaneous, internally pigmented descending appendage present in larger specimens.
Illicium length 24–36.4% 8L; escal bulb width 4.3–6.7% SL; total number of teeth in upper jaw 35–47, in lower jaw 31–38; ratio of number of teeth in upper jaw to number in lower jaw 1.08–1.45; vomerine teeth 4–8; dorsal-fin rays 6–8; anal-fin rays 5 or 6 (of 21 specimens counted only one had anal-fin rays 6); pectoral-fin rays 16–18.
In addition to the characters of the esca, which separate metamorphosed females of C. draco from those of all other species of Chaenophryne, this species is distinguished by having the highest ratio between the number of upper and lower jaw teeth of any species. The illicium of C. draco appears to be slightly shorter than that of C. ramifera and slightly longer than that of C. melanorhabdus. Fewer pectoral-fin rays, and fewer dorsal-fin and anal-fin rays, help to distinguish C. draco from C. longiceps and C. ramifera, respectively.
Chaenophryne draco has a wide geographic distribution, occurring in all three major oceans of the world. It has been collected from both sides of the Atlantic: two specimens from off Bermuda (including the holotype), one from the Cape Verde Islands, and a fourth from 36°N, 26°W. Four specimens are known from the Indo-Pacific region: one from the Lord Howe Rise, New Zealand, at about 35°S, 166°E; two on the equator at approximately 65°E, one from off the Cocos Islands (12°S, 96°E), and one from Sagami Bay, Japan (C. macractis of Imai, 1942). In the Eastern Pacific, records extend from the Hawaiian Islands (13 specimens) to the Gulf of Panama (18 records), between approximately 21°N and 4°S.
Based on maximum depths reached by fishing gear, metamorphosed female specimens of C. draco are vertically distributed between approximately 350 m and an unknown lower limit. Eighty-nine percent of the known material (42 individuals) was captured by gear fished below 700 m. Concentrated sampling in the Gulf of Pananma indicates a concentration between 700 and 1500 m.
Meso- to bathypelagic.
The body of metamorphosed females is short and globular. The mouth is large, its cleft extending past the eye. The illicium length is 20.1–47.4% SL, becoming longer proportionately with growth.
The anterior end of the pterygiophore of preserved specimens is usually concealed under the skin, within the illicial trough, but apparently capable of considerable forward extension (as in Oneirodes and ceratiids). The esca bears a single, conical to elongate, anterior escal appendage or appendages, internally pigmented, with one or three round translucent windows at its tip. Filamentous medial escal appendages are absent. A posterior escal appendage, consisting of a swollen basal portion and a compressed distal crest, is present, bearing none to numerous filaments anteriorly or distally, with a pair of fringed anterior lobes. A subcutaneous internally pigmented appendage emerges from the base of the esca and descends along the anterior margin of the illicial bone.
The teeth are slender, recurved, and all depressible, arranged in overlapping sets as described for other oneirodids. The teeth in the lower jaw are larger and slightly more numerous than those in the upper jaw. There are 21–51 teeth in the upper jaw and 26–57 in the lower jaw. Jaw teeth are few and rudimentary in specimens smaller than approximately 18 mm. The vomer bears 4–8 teeth, the longest tooth outermost. The second and third pharyngobranchials are well developed and toothed. Epibranchial and ceratobranchial teeth are absent.
As with most oneirodid taxa, males of the genus Chaenophryne are free-living and presumed non-parasitic.
Known from 119 metamorphosed females (11–123 mm).
Pietsch TW. 2009. Oceanic Anglerfishes: Extraordinary Diversity in the Deep Sea. Berkley: University of California Press. 638 p.
Bermuda Oceanographic Expedition net 1181, 10 miles SE of Nonsuch, 32°12'N, 64°36'W, 1100 m, 15 August 1931.
Holotype of Chaenophryne draco: USNM 170943 (originally NYZS 22396), 16.5 mm.
Chaenophryne draco (smooth dreamer, or smooth-headed dreamer) is a species of dreamer in the family Onierodidae. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide at a depth of 350 to 1750 meters.
Chaenophryne draco is a small fish. Its size range is unknown, but is thought to grow from 8.3 to 12.3 centimeters in length based on two unsexed individuals and one female individual. It has the largest ratio of the number of upper jaw teeth to lower jaw teeth of any species in its genus.[1]
[1] Sa-a, Pascualita: Chaenophryne draco, fishbase.org, modified by Pablico, Grace Tolentino
Chaenophryne draco (smooth dreamer, or smooth-headed dreamer) is a species of dreamer in the family Onierodidae. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide at a depth of 350 to 1750 meters.
Chaenophryne draco Chaenophryne generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Oneirodidae familian sailkatzen da.
Chaenophryne draco Chaenophryne generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Oneirodidae familian sailkatzen da.
Chaenophryne draco is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van armvinnigen (Oneirodidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1932 door Beebe.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
龍蟾口鮟鱇，為輻鰭魚綱鮟鱇目棘茄魚亞目夢角鮟鱇科的其中一種。
本魚體呈圓形，口大，體色為深黑色，尾鰭大，胸鰭小，頭部具一餌球，為灰白色，背鰭軟條7枚；臀鰭軟條5枚，體長可達12.3公分。
本魚屬深海魚類，棲息深度約350至1750公尺，雄魚並不寄生在雌魚身上，且體形較雌魚小，屬肉食性。
