Die Boerkabeljou (Argyrosomus japonicus) is deel van die Sciaenidae-familie en kom reg rondom die kus van Suid-Afrika en ook in Australië voor. Die boerkabeljou is groter as die kabeljou en is 'n gesogte eetvis. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Dusky kob.
Die vis is silwer van kleur met 'n pienk skynsel op die rug. Kenmerkend is die ry pêrelagtige wit kolle op die sye. Die gemiddelde grootte boerkabeljou wat gevang word is 15 kg, maar die boerkabeljou kan tot 75 kg swaar word.
Die vis word hoofsaaklik in seebranders en riviermondings aangetref. Die volwassenes skiet kuite op aflandige riwwe. Die vis jag saam in skole en migreer in die winter na die kusgebied van KwaZulu-Natal om kuit te skiet. Hulle vreet hoofsaaklik kleiner visse, tjokka, pylinkvis en skaaldiere.
Oorbevissing van die vis deur kommersiële en ontspanningshengelaars het sy getalle drasties laat verminder. [1]
Die Boerkabeljou (Argyrosomus japonicus) is deel van die Sciaenidae-familie en kom reg rondom die kus van Suid-Afrika en ook in Australië voor. Die boerkabeljou is groter as die kabeljou en is 'n gesogte eetvis. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Dusky kob.
Argyrosomus japonicus és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
A Austràlia és depredat per Argyrosomus hololepidotus i a Sud-àfrica per Crocodylus niloticus, Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus obscurus i Sphyrna zygaena.[6]
És un peix de clima tropical i bentopelàgic.[4]
Es troba a Austràlia, la Xina (incloent-hi Hong Kong), Djibuti, l'Índia, el Japó (incloent-hi les Illes Ryukyu), Corea, Maurici, Moçambic, Oman, Pakistan, Sud-àfrica, Taiwan i el Vietnam.[7][8][9][10][11][12][5][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
És important com a aliment.[37]
És inofensiu per als humans.[4]
Argyrosomus japonicus és una espècie de peix de la família dels esciènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
De boerkabeljauw (N.B. naam is n neosassisme, over enommen oet t Afrikaans, maor neet bekend in t Nederlaands of Nedersaksies, Latien: Argyrosomus japonicus) is n straolvinnige vissoort uut de familie van de ombervissen (Sciaenidae) en kömp veur rondumme de kust van Zuud-Afrika, en in Australië. t Is n geliefde eetvis. In t Afrikaans hit e boerkabeljou, in t Zuud-Afrikaans Engels steet e bekend as de dusky kob en in t Australies-Engels as mulloway of jewfish. De boerkabeljauw is groter as de Indiese kabeljauw. De boerkabeljauw is niet verwaant an de Atlantiese kabeljauw.
De soort is veur t eerst wetenschappelik beschreven in 1843 deur Temminck & Schlegel.
De vis is zilver van kleur en hef n raos schiensel op de rogge. Kenmarkend is de rie paorelachtig witte stippen op zien zied. De gemiddelde grote van n boerkabeljauw die evöngen wörden is n kilo of vuuftiende, mer hij kan wel tot vuufenzeuventig kilo zwaor wörden.
De vis zie'j veural in de golven en in riviermonden. De volwassenen schieten kuit op aoflaandige riffen. De vis jaagt samen in schoelen en migreert swienters naor t kustgebied van KwaZoeloe-Natal um kuit te schieten. Ze vreten veural kleinere vissen, Kaapse pielinktvis, gewone pielinktvis en schaoldieren.
De boerkabeljauw (N.B. naam is n neosassisme, over enommen oet t Afrikaans, maor neet bekend in t Nederlaands of Nedersaksies, Latien: Argyrosomus japonicus) is n straolvinnige vissoort uut de familie van de ombervissen (Sciaenidae) en kömp veur rondumme de kust van Zuud-Afrika, en in Australië. t Is n geliefde eetvis. In t Afrikaans hit e boerkabeljou, in t Zuud-Afrikaans Engels steet e bekend as de dusky kob en in t Australies-Engels as mulloway of jewfish. De boerkabeljauw is groter as de Indiese kabeljauw. De boerkabeljauw is niet verwaant an de Atlantiese kabeljauw.
De soort is veur t eerst wetenschappelik beschreven in 1843 deur Temminck & Schlegel.
Argyrosomus japonicus is a silvery to bronze-green colored fish, a member of the family Sciaenidae, which may grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length.[2][3] It is known as Japanese meagre (FAO),[2] mulloway or jewfish on the east coast of Australia, butterfish in South Australia, kingfish or river kingfish in Western Australia,[4] and dusky/squaretail kob, dusky salmon, salmon, Kob, or kabeljou in South Africa, Ô-nibe (大鮸, オオニベ) in Japan. The name jewfish refers to its large otoliths, which are prized as "jewels" by some fishers.[3]
Argyrosomus japonicus is a large, slender fish which can grow to 2 m (6 ft 7 in). It has a copper-colored head and is silvery with a bronze-green dorsal surface and paler belly. It has a row of distinctive white spots running along the lateral line. The caudal fin is angular in juveniles but becomes more rounded in larger fish.[3]
Argyrosomus japonicus has an Indo-Pacific distribution occurring in coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China and Japan. Adults are gregarious and are found over soft bottoms mainly beyond the surf zone, occasionally going inshore. Juveniles are exclusively found in shallow water and sometimes move into estuaries.[2]
As explained above Argyrosomus japonicus, are commonly known by different names across Australia, but most Australians refer to them as mulloway or jewfish. They are a prized catch when it comes to fishing and are notoriously difficult to target. They are even fondly referred to as 'silver ghost', 'elusive jewfish', 'river kingfish', 'jewie', 'soapy' and 'silver slab'. Mulloway have a wide distribution in Australia, from the Gascoyne region on the west coast of Western Australia, around the southern coasts of the continent, and up to the Wide Bay–Burnett region on the east coast of Queensland.[5]
According to the Department of Primary Issues for New South Wales:
Mulloway have been classified as Overfished in NSW since 2004/05 and a Recovery Program (RP) to assist the stock to rebuild was implemented on the 1st November, 2013.
The above recovery plan introduced changes to the "bag limits' on fish for both Recreational and Commercial fishing.
Later in 2018, NSW Minister for Primary Industries, Niall Blair commented:[6]
Despite efforts by fishers, a recent scientific review showed Mulloway are still overfished. In order for stocks to recover, the review recommended that more action needed to be taken.
Recreational bag limits were further reduced to just one fish over 70 cm.
At the same time that these new restrictions were introduced the sustainability and ethics of NSW's commercial fishing industry was being called into question after an alleged case of a commercial fisherman using a drone to target a school of mulloway.[7]
As of 2020, the stock status of mulloway in New South Wales is classified as 'depleted'. In South Australia and Western Australia, the stock status is 'sustainable'. In Queensland, the stock status is 'undefined'.[8]
Mulloway or jewfish can be found from the brackish water up the top of estuaries down to the mouths, bays, rocks and beaches all the way out to offshore reefs. They can even be found in urban areas. They can be found under deep water marinas, boat moorings, bridges and jetties even shelving rocks and caves.[9] They are accessible to the majority of Australian Recreational Anglers.
Although described as a benthic carnivore, Mulloway are capable of feeding throughout the water column. Mysid shrimp are important food items for smaller juvenile fish (<150 mm (5.9 in)). As the fish increase in size the diet changes to include small finned fish, then larger finned fish and squid and other cephalopods.[10]
Argyrosomus japonicus is a silvery to bronze-green colored fish, a member of the family Sciaenidae, which may grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length. It is known as Japanese meagre (FAO), mulloway or jewfish on the east coast of Australia, butterfish in South Australia, kingfish or river kingfish in Western Australia, and dusky/squaretail kob, dusky salmon, salmon, Kob, or kabeljou in South Africa, Ô-nibe (大鮸, オオニベ) in Japan. The name jewfish refers to its large otoliths, which are prized as "jewels" by some fishers.
Argyrosomus japonicus es una especie de pez de la familia Sciaenidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 181 cm de longitud total y 75 kg de peso.
En Australia es depredado por Argyrosomus hololepidotus y Sudáfrica por Crocodylus niloticus ,Carcharhinus brachyurus , Carcharhinus limbatus ,Carcharhinus obscurus y Sphyrna zygaena.
Es un pez de clima tropical y bentopelágico.
Se encuentra en Australia, la China (incluyendo Hong Kong), Djibuti, la India, el Japón (incluyendo las Islas Ryukyu), Corea, Mauricio, Mozambique, Omán, Pakistán, Sudáfrica, Taiwán y el Vietnam.
Es importante como alimento.
Es inofensivo para los humanos.
Argyrosomus japonicus es una especie de pez de la familia Sciaenidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Argyrosomus japonicus Argyrosomus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sciaenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.
Argyrosomus japonicus Argyrosomus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sciaenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Argyrosomus japonicus is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van ombervissen (Sciaenidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1843 door Temminck & Schlegel.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Argyrosomus japonicus, conhecida pelo nome comum de roncadeira-austral, é uma espécie de peixe da família Sciaenidae e da ordem Perciformes.
Na Austrália sofre predação por Argyrosomus hololepidotus e na África do Sul por Crocodylus niloticus, Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus obscurus e Sphyrna zygaena.[6]
É um peixe de clima tropical e bentopelágico.[4]
É encontrado na Austrália, na China (incluindo Hong Kong), Djibuti, Índia, Japão (incluindo as Ilhas Ryukyu), Coreia, Maurícia, Moçambique, Oman, Paquistão, África do Sul, Taiwan e Vietname.[5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]
É importante como alimento.[37]
É inofensivo para os humanos.[4]
Argyrosomus japonicus, conhecida pelo nome comum de roncadeira-austral, é uma espécie de peixe da família Sciaenidae e da ordem Perciformes.
Argyrosomus japonicus
Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
Японский серебристый горбыль[1] (лат. Argyrosomus japonicus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства горбылёвых.
Окраска варьируется от серебристого до бронзового-зелёного оттенка. Длина может достигать 1,8 метра, а масса — 75 кг. Количество позвонков — 25[2].
Распространены в прибрежных водах следующих стран: Австралия, Китай (в том числе Гонконг) Джибути, Индия, Япония (в том числе Рюкю), Корея, Маврикий, Мозамбик, Оман, Пакистан, ЮАР, Тайвань и Вьетнам[2].
Является объектом промысла[3].
Японский серебристый горбыль (лат. Argyrosomus japonicus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства горбылёвых.
日本白姑魚（学名：Argyrosomus japonicus），又名日本銀身䱛、七星鮸、巨鮸、大白姑鱼，为石首魚科白姑魚屬下的一个种。该物种的模式产地在日本西南沿岸。[1]
本魚分布在印度西太平洋區，包括東非、南非、阿拉伯海、模里西斯、印度、巴基斯坦、日本、韓國、台灣、中國東海、南海、香港、越南等海域。
水深5至150公尺。
本魚吻不突出，口裂大，端位，傾斜，上下頜等長，上頜骨很長，其後緣伸達眼眶後緣之後。上頜外列齒最大，其餘內列細小。下頜齒內列擴大成犬齒，外列尺細小。尾鰭成「S形」。體側銀灰色，腹部銀白色，體側具有背向下方傾斜的暗褐色條紋。背鰭、胸鰭褐色。臀鰭、腹鰭褐黑色，尾鰭褐色，末端較黑。口腔內白色，外緣黃色。鰓腔褐色。背鰭硬棘10至11枚、软条25至30枚；臀鰭硬棘2枚、软条7枚。體長可達181公分。
本魚為近海暖溫海域的中下層魚類。肉食性，以魚類、蝦及蟹為食。
食用魚，肉質鮮美，適合油炸或糖醋食用，是台灣地區重要的經濟魚類之一。
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큰민어(학명 : Argyrosomus japonicus)는 은색 혹은 갈녹색 어류로서 민어과(Sciaenidae)에 속한다. 2m까지 자란다.[2][3] 유엔식량농업기구(FAO)에서는 Japanese meagre[2], 호주 동부 연안에서는 mulloway 혹은 jewfish, 호주 남부에서는 butterfish, 호주 서부에서는 kingfish 혹은 river kingfish[4], 남아공에서는 dusky/squaretail kob, dusky salmon, salmon 혹은 kabeljou, 일본에서는 오오니베(大鮸, オオニベ)라고 한다. jewfish라는 명칭은 일부 어부들이 큰민어의 큰 이석(耳石, otolith)을 보석(jewel)이라고 한 데서 유래하였다.[3]
큰민어는 크고 갸름한 물고기로 2m까지 자랄 수 있다. 구리색 머리에, 등은 갈녹색을 띤 은색이며, 배는 하얗다. 측선(lateral line)을 따라 난 또렷한 흰색의 점들로 이뤄진 선이 하나 있다. 꼬리지느러미는 치어일 때에는 각이 져 있지만 성체가 되면 둥글어진다.[3]
큰민어는 인도태평양 주변 호주, 아프리카, 인도, 파키스탄, 중국, 일본 등지에 서식한다. 성체는 군생하며 해안파대(surf zone) 바깥 연성기저(soft bottom)에서 발견되며, 때때로 해안으로 온다. 치어는 얕은 물에서만 살지만 강하구로 이주하기도 한다.[2]
큰민어는 민어과에 속하지만 민어와는 다른 유사 어종이다. 그러나 민어에 비하여 값이 싸 민어로 둔갑되는 경우가 있다. 2020년 9월 기준으로 민어는 1kg당 7-8만원이었으나 큰민어는 3만원이었다.[5] 2019년 큰민어 수입량은 185톤이었던 반면 민어 국내 생산량은 47톤에 불과하였다.[6] 일본어에서 민어와 같은 '니베(にべ)'로 분류되면서 국제통일상품분류체계(HS)에서 같은 코드를 받으면서 민어와 혼동된데다, 전량 중국 수입산인데도 주요 수산물로 분류되지 않아 원산지 표시 의무가 없다.[7]
호주에서는 큰민어가 지역마다 다른 이름으로 불리지만, 호주인 대부분은 mulloway 혹은 jewfish라고 한다. 매우 잡기 힘든 것으로 유명하다. 강하구의 회색 유령(The Grey Ghosts of the Estuaries)이라고도 불린다. 뉴사우스웨일스공무처(Department of Primary Issues for New South Wales)에서는 다음과 같이 이야기하였다.
큰민어(Mulloway)는 2004년 2005년 이후 뉴사우스웨일스 지역에서 과잉포획되어온 어종(Overfished)으로 분류되었으며, 어획량 증식을 위한 Recovery Program (RP)은 2013년 11월 1일 빌령되었다.
어획량 회복 계획은 오락 낚시와 상업 낚시에서의 포획제한(bag limit)도 바꾸었다.
2018년 후반 뉴사우스웨일스총리(NSW Minister for Primary Industries) 니얼 블레어(Niall Blair)는 언급하였다.[8]
어부들의 노력에도 최신 과학 평가에 의하면 큰민어는 여전히 남획되고 있다고 한다. 어획량 회복늘 위해 평가지에서는 추가 조처가 취해져야 한다고 권고한다.
오락 낚시 포획제한은 70cm 이상으로까지 확대되었다.
동시에 새로운 제한은 지속가능성을 가져다 주었고, 상업어부들이 드론을 사용하여 큰민어를 포획한다는 주장이 제기된 이후에 뉴사우스웨일스 상업어업 윤리 문제가 제기되었다.[9]
큰민어는 강어귀 상단의 염수에서 하구, 만, 바위, 해변, 해안 암초까지 발견된다. 도심구역에서도 발견된다. 원해 정박지, 보트 계류장, 다리와 부두, 평평하게 경하진 바위와 동굴에서도 발견된다.[10] 호주여가낚시꾼(Australian Recreational Anglers) 대부분에게 친근하다.
큰민어(학명 : Argyrosomus japonicus)는 은색 혹은 갈녹색 어류로서 민어과(Sciaenidae)에 속한다. 2m까지 자란다. 유엔식량농업기구(FAO)에서는 Japanese meagre, 호주 동부 연안에서는 mulloway 혹은 jewfish, 호주 남부에서는 butterfish, 호주 서부에서는 kingfish 혹은 river kingfish, 남아공에서는 dusky/squaretail kob, dusky salmon, salmon 혹은 kabeljou, 일본에서는 오오니베(大鮸, オオニベ)라고 한다. jewfish라는 명칭은 일부 어부들이 큰민어의 큰 이석(耳石, otolith)을 보석(jewel)이라고 한 데서 유래하였다.
