L. saxatilis has multiple roles within the ecosystem. It is responsible for a minimal amount of soil aeration, as it helps to break up the ground and redistribute the soil when creating its forms. It influences vegetational growth, and serves as prey for larger animals.
L. saxatilis also serves as a host for multiple flea and lice species. The most common of these species is Ctenocephalides felis damarensis whose population peaks from August to October and is at its lowest from February to April.
Ecosystem Impact: soil aeration
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
L. saxatilis perceives the world through multiple forms of communication. However, since L. saxatilis is solitary when not mating, the communication is not used to enforce social hierarchy. Individuals are vocal and will emit loud squeals in the instance that they are either wounded or distressed. They also produce a characteristic loud chirping sound if they are disturbed when they are in an open habitat during the night. Less commonly it has been noted that members of the genus Lepus will use their voice when neither distressed nor wounded.
Other forms of communication are not known for L. saxatilis. Close relatives in the genus Lepus communicate through the thumping of their feet. This method of communication is known as drumming. Also all members of the family Leporidae, of which L. saxatilis is a member, have scent glands that produce characteristic scents used for territory marking and sexual identification. Just how relevant these latter two forms of communication are in L. saxatilis is not known.
Tactile communication likely occurs in this species between rivals in competition for mates. Males and females share some tactile communication during mating, as do mothers with their young.
Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: vibrations
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
L. saxatilis excretes a hard, disk-shaped pellet following foraging. This can be used to identify if it has been foraging in a particular area.
L. saxatilis is not listed as endangered and its population remains widespread throughout Africa.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
Although L. saxatilis provides no immediate threat to humans, when threatened it will kick with its hind legs and bite. However this bite is not venomous. Although hot overtly dangerous to humans, L. saxatilis is an agricultural pest. It often inhabits agriculturally developed areas and forages on the surrounding grass and growing vegetation, sometimes negatively affecting crops.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings); crop pest
L. saxatilis is not of much economic importance for the human population. However, many human populations use members of the genus Lepus as a food source, and it is likely that local people probably eat these hares occasionally. Its fur is of minimal value, but it is sometimes used within the lining of various garments including gloves.
Positive Impacts: food ; body parts are source of valuable material
L. saxatilis is primarily a folivore. It has a preference for the green grass that grows during the wetter and cooler climates. However it will also eat the leaves, stems and rhizomes of grass that grows during dryer climate periods. Members of the genus Lepus will occasionally indulge in shrub bark if there is no other food source available. It is not known how common this is in L. saxatilis.
L. saxatilis is nocturnal, and therefore does the majority of its foraging either during or after sunset. It has occasionally been seen foraging during the early mornings or afternoons when the sky is overcast, but this is less frequent.
Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )
Lepus saxatilis is native to the continent of Africa, and there have been no reported attempts to introduce it into other areas. It is primarily found throughout Southern Africa and Namibia, with the exception of the Namib Desert. L. saxatilis has also been found in other African locations, including Nigeria extending westward to Southwest Mauritana and Senegal, Southeast Ethiopia, Uganda, most of Kenya, Angola, Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique. All of these African countries fall within the Ethiopian Biogeographic Range.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
L. saxatilis is found at elevations of 1220 to 1830 m above sea level. The species is primarily found in the savanna woodland and scrub areas of Africa. It is usually not found in forests, deserts, or grasslands. However it occasionally can be found foraging at night in the open grasslands. L.saxatilis is also successful in agriculturally developed areas where it positions itself near growing crops, or in areas of bush regeneration.
L. saxatilis is found throughout the regions of South Africa and Namibia. Here there is both a tropical climate (Namibia) and a sub-tropical climate stretching between 22 to 34 degrees southern latitude (South Africa).
Range elevation: 1220 to 1830 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
L. saxatilis frequently does not survive its first year. Although details of its lifespan are limited, close relatives within the genus Lepus have been know to live up to five years in the wild. However, in captivity, members of the genus have a longer lifespan, which ranges between six years and seven years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 5 (high) years.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 7 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 0 to 5 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 6 to 7 years.
L. saxatilis can be identified by its complex fur coloration pattern. Its dorsal fur is grizzled gray and often has tiny black spots, while its ventral fur is white. It has a multicolored tail that is black on top and white underneath. It has lighter fur on the sides of its face and around its eyes. Many have a white patch of fur on their forehead. L. saxatilis also has a patch of reddish-brown fur behind its ears. All of its body hair has a soft texture.
L. saxatilis exhibits a large range in both its body size and mass. Length ranges from 45 cm to 65 cm, and mass ranges from 1500 g to 4500 g. This range in body size follows a geographic pattern, such that there is a decrease in body size when moving from the North to the South of its range. This same geographic pattern can be observed with ear length. In any particular area, females typically have a larger body length and mass than do males.
L. saxatilis has long ears. Furthermore, its hind legs are much longer than its forelegs, and its hind feet have a lighter fur color than its forefeet. All of its feet are heavily furred.
Range mass: 1.5 to 4.5 kg.
Range length: 45 to 65 cm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
L. saxatilis spends its day in a self-built form and has multiple methods for avoiding detection by predators. It sits snugly in its form with its ears folded backwards and its head pulled into its body to prevent detection. It is further camouflaged by its cryptic coloration. While in its form, L. saxatilis remains almost perfectly motionless because any movement may attract the attention of a nearby predator.
When confronted by a predator, L. saxatilis will continue to remain motionless in its form until the last possible moment. At this point it will rapidly take off. It attempts to lose its predator by moving rapidly in a zigzag pattern. If the predator catches it, the hare will emit a loud squeal that is a sign of distress. Once it has been caught, its only defense mechanisms are to kick with its hind legs or to bite its predator. Side-striped jackals Canis adustus are a common predator to L. saxatilis in which the above interaction is commonly seen.
L. saxatilis also suffers from flea and lice infestation. It is not known if it employs any defense mechanisms against these pests. Primarily the flea infestations are by Ctenocephalides felis damarensis which peaks from August to October and has its lowest presence from February to April.
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
This species is apparently polygynous. L. saxatilis is normally solitary. However, when a female is experiencing oestrus, multiple males will often remain near her. Little research has been done regarding the interactions of these males. However, males of other species in the genus Lepus engage in competition that often involves boxing with their forefeet and/or kicking with their hindfeet. Frequently competition between males is so intense that the female over which they are competing is injured.
Mating System: polygynous
L. saxatilis breeds throughout the year, despite frequent droughts and dry conditions. Its peak-breeding season is during the African summer (from September to February) when the climate is warmer and wetter. Fertilization is internal, and the gestation period lasts an average of 42 days. A female may give birth to 1 to 3 young, with the mean number being 1.6. Females more frequently give birth to triplets following rainy seasons rather than dry seasons.
The leverets are born with all of their hair and their eyes open. The average mass at birth is 115 grams. Shortly after birth, a young L. saxatilis will be capable of moving around and providing for itself. There is little parental care, and it is usually limited to a single suckling period during the night. This occurs each night until the leverets are weaned, however the number of days it takes for the leverets to be weaned is not known. No nest is made for the leverets. Although many leverets will not survive their first year, the ones that do survive will be sexually mature after this year.
Breeding interval: These animals breed aseasonally, so in theory should be capable of producing young approximately every three months.
Breeding season: Mating occurs aseasonally.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 3.
Average number of offspring: 1.6.
Range gestation period: 35 to 42 days.
Average gestation period: 42 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous
L. saxatilis exhibits very low levels of parental investment. L. saxatilis gives birth to young that are fully haired, have open eyes, and are developed enough to take care of themselves shortly after birth. The exact time of independence is not known. Parents of this species do not provide protection, resources or learning experiences for their young. They do not even provide the leverets with nests! All parental care is limited to a short period of suckling during the night. This occurs each night until the leverets are weaned, however the number of days until weaning is not known. As far as is known, only females provide parental care in this species.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement; precocial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female)
Die kolhaas (Lepus saxatilis) is 'n haas wat in Suid-Afrika, dele van Sentraal-Afrika en Namibië voorkom. Die kolhaas is groter as die vlakhaas maar kleiner as die springhaas. Die springhaas is egter nie 'n ware haas nie maar 'n knaagdier.
Die haas is dofgelerig met swartgrys kolle wat van naby beskou 'n sout-en-peper voorkoms het. Die ken en onderdele is wit. Om die keel is 'n kraag van dieselfde kleur as die bodele met 'n wit kol op die voorkop. Die kol op die bokant van die nek wissel van baksteenbruin tot oranjegeel. Die stert is swart aan die bokant en wit aan die onderkant, en die pote is dofgeel. Hierdie hase het 'n gemiddelde lengte van 60 cm en die wyfie is effens groter as die mannetjie.
Hulle hou van ruigtes met stukke grasveld en vermy oop grasvlaktes of digte bos. Kolhase is naglewend; hulle kom na sononder uit en soek teen sonop weer hul skuilplekke op. Hulle is gewoonlik alleen en is gevoelig vir koue weer. Kolhase se natuurlike vyande is die luiperd, leeu, rooikat, vaalboskat, tierboskat, wildehond, siwet, rooijakkals en breëkoparend.
Hulle eet veral groen gras, blare, lote en stingels. Telkens word twee tot drie kleintjies gebore na 'n dratyd van ±5 weke. Die kolhaas het 'n moontlike lewensduur van 7,5 jaar.
Die kolhaas (Lepus saxatilis) is 'n haas wat in Suid-Afrika, dele van Sentraal-Afrika en Namibië voorkom. Die kolhaas is groter as die vlakhaas maar kleiner as die springhaas. Die springhaas is egter nie 'n ware haas nie maar 'n knaagdier.
La llebre dels matolls (Lepus saxatilis) és una espècie de llebre que viu a Sud-àfrica, parts de l'Àfrica central i Namíbia. Viu a entre 1.000 i 2.000 metres per sobre el nivell del mar. El pelatge de l'esquena és gris i negre, mentre que el del ventre és blanc. Té una cua blanca i negra, amb un pelatge més clar al voltant de la cara. La seva mida va de 45 a 65 cm, mentre que el seu pes és d'entre 1,5 i 4,5 kg. Les femelles solen ser més grans que els mascles.
Der Buschhase (Lepus saxatilis) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Familie der Hasen (Leporidae). Er ist in Afrika südlich der Sahara mit Ausnahme der stark bewaldeten Gebiete in West- und Zentralafrika verbreitet.
Das Fell des Buschhasen ist an der Oberseite graubraun gefärbt und hat schwarze Sprenkelungen, die Unterseite ist weißlich. Die Oberseite des buschigen Schwanzes ist schwarz, die Unterseite ebenfalls weiß. Auf der Stirn befindet sich üblicherweise ein weißer Fleck.
Der Buschhase ähnelt damit stark dem Kaphasen, ist aber meistens das in der jeweiligen Region größere Tier. Die Größe schwankt je nach Gebiet, wobei die größten Tiere im Südwesten Afrikas zu finden sind. Ausgewachsene Exemplare erreichen dort eine Kopfrumpflänge von 60 cm.
Buschhasen bevorzugen offene Wälder und buschige Biotope, aber auch kultiviertes Land. Normalerweise sind Buschhasen Einzelgänger. Nur in Gebieten mit einem Überangebot an Nahrung können sie in größerer Anzahl angetroffen werden. Die Tiere sind nachtaktiv und ernähren sich hauptsächlich von Gras, obwohl auch andere Pflanzen gefressen werden.
Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Buschhasen liegt in Südafrika, Lesotho, Eswatini und im südlichen Namibia. Unter anderem ist die Art in den Nationalparks Bontebok, Mountain Zebra, Willem Pretorius, Hluhluwe/iMfolozi, Kruger, Pilanesberg, Kgalagadi (Kalahari), Etosha, Moremi, Chobe, Hwange, Mana Pools, Kafue, South Luangwa, Tsavo, Ngorongoro, Serengeti, Virunga, Masai Mara und Nairobi zu finden.
Der Buschhase (Lepus saxatilis) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Familie der Hasen (Leporidae). Er ist in Afrika südlich der Sahara mit Ausnahme der stark bewaldeten Gebiete in West- und Zentralafrika verbreitet.
Il-Liebru tax-xgħari li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Lepus saxatilis huwa speċi ta' mammiferu plaċentat tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu) nativ tal-kontinent ta' l-Afrika.
Dan il-liebru għandu firxa ma' 2 pajjiżi fin-Nofs in-nhar tal-kontinent ta' l-Afrika u jippreferi abitat xott tad-deżert b' arbuxelli baxxi u ħxejjex tipiċi ta' dan l-ambjent. Il-Liebru tax-xgħari għandu poplazzjoni stabli mifruxa mad- deżerti fin-Namibja u fir-Republika ta' l-Afrika t' isfel u ma jidhirx li qiegħed fl' ebda tip ta' periklu.
Dan il-liebru huwa 1 minn 8 speċi li qegħdin ikklassifikati fis-sottoġeneru Proeulagus u l-ispeċi maqsuma minn ta' linqas f' 2 sottospeċijiet.
Il-Liebru tax-xgħari li hu magħruf xjentifikament bħala Lepus saxatilis huwa speċi ta' mammiferu plaċentat tal-familja Leporidae (leporidu), fl-ordni Lagomorpha (lagomorfu) nativ tal-kontinent ta' l-Afrika.
Dan il-liebru għandu firxa ma' 2 pajjiżi fin-Nofs in-nhar tal-kontinent ta' l-Afrika u jippreferi abitat xott tad-deżert b' arbuxelli baxxi u ħxejjex tipiċi ta' dan l-ambjent. Il-Liebru tax-xgħari għandu poplazzjoni stabli mifruxa mad- deżerti fin-Namibja u fir-Republika ta' l-Afrika t' isfel u ma jidhirx li qiegħed fl' ebda tip ta' periklu.
புதர் முயல் (ஆங்கிலப்பெயர்: Scrub hare, உயிரியல் பெயர்: Lepus saxatilis) என்பது நமீபியா, மொசம்பிக், தென்னாபிரிக்கா, சுவாசிலாந்து மற்றும் லெசோத்தோ ஆகிய நாடுகளில் காணப்படும் முயல்களின் இரண்டு துணையினங்களில் ஒரு துணையினம் ஆகும்.[2][3] இது தீவாய்ப்பு கவலை குறைந்த இனமாக பட்டியலிடப்பட்டுள்ள போதும் இதன் எண்ணிக்கை குறைந்து வருகிறது. 2104 ஆம் ஆண்டு வரை இதன் எண்ணிக்கை 20% குறையும் என கணக்கிடப்பட்டுள்ளது.[3] இந்த உயிரினம் தெற்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் மட்டுமே காணப்படுகிறது உலகின் வேறு எந்தப் பகுதியிலும் இவை காணப்படுவதில்லை.[2]
புதர் முயல் (ஆங்கிலப்பெயர்: Scrub hare, உயிரியல் பெயர்: Lepus saxatilis) என்பது நமீபியா, மொசம்பிக், தென்னாபிரிக்கா, சுவாசிலாந்து மற்றும் லெசோத்தோ ஆகிய நாடுகளில் காணப்படும் முயல்களின் இரண்டு துணையினங்களில் ஒரு துணையினம் ஆகும். இது தீவாய்ப்பு கவலை குறைந்த இனமாக பட்டியலிடப்பட்டுள்ள போதும் இதன் எண்ணிக்கை குறைந்து வருகிறது. 2104 ஆம் ஆண்டு வரை இதன் எண்ணிக்கை 20% குறையும் என கணக்கிடப்பட்டுள்ளது. இந்த உயிரினம் தெற்கு ஆப்பிரிக்காவில் மட்டுமே காணப்படுகிறது உலகின் வேறு எந்தப் பகுதியிலும் இவை காணப்படுவதில்லை.
The scrub hare (Lepus saxatilis) is one of two species of hares found in southern Namibia, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho.[2][3] Although it is listed as a least concern species, the population has been declining and is expected to decline by 20% over the next 100 years.[4]
The scrub hare has a very distinct coloration. On the dorsal side of the hare, the fur is grizzled-gray with small black spots.[2][5] The ventral side of the fur is all white.[2] Scrub hares have a small, stubby tail with the topside being black and the underside being white.[5] What makes Lepus saxatilis different from the other subspecies is the patch of red-brown fur it has behind its ears.[2] They have long ears that are normally perched up that are gray, and together with its tail make it most visible when it is running from predators.[5]
The scrub hare has a very large range in its body size and body mass compared to most animals.[2] Its length ranges from about 45–65 centimeters (18–26 inches), and its mass ranges from about 1.5–4.5 kg (3.3–9.9 lb).[2][6] This large range is specific to the scrub hare because of its different geographical ranges.[2] Hares that live in more southern latitudes decrease in body size and those that live in more northern latitudes have larger body sizes.[2] Females are typically larger than males.[7]
The scrub hare is endemic to southern Africa. They are most commonly found in southern Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho.[2][3] However, they have been spotted in southeast Ethiopia, southwest Mauritania, Senegal, Uganda, Kenya, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique.[2] However, the scrub hare is not found in the Namib desert.[6]
Scrub hares are normally found at higher elevations at about 1220 m to 1830 m.[2] They are primarily found in scrub, tall grasslands and savanna woodlands.[2][5] However, at night they can be seen in open grasslands.[2] They are never seen in forests or deserts.[5] They have also been known to adapt to agriculturally developed lands.[3]
They are also found throughout two different biomes, tropical and sub-tropical.[2] This gives them a temperature range of about 22 to 35 °C (72 to 95 °F).[2]
The scrub hare has many roles in the ecosystem. They are responsible for a small amount of soil aeration, which helps redistribute the soil when they are creating their indentations and their forms.[2] An indentation or form is when the hare burrows itself into the ground so that an ‘indent’ forms where it perfectly molds to their body. They also are prey for other animals.[2] They are also a host for many types of fleas and lice.[2] The predominant flea parasite species that can be found on the scrub hare is the Ctenocephalides felis damarensis.[2]
The scrub hare is a solitary creature.[2] The sexes are only seen together for mating purposes.[2][3] They are also nocturnal and are seen foraging at night.[2] However, if the weather is overcast, they will come out earlier.[2] During the day they create a small indent in the ground and lie flat in a motionless form with their ears tucked back to their shoulders.[2] As long as they remain motionless, predators cannot detect them because their coloration blends in with the scrubland and vegetation.[2]
The scrub hare is a herbivore and eats mostly green grasses.[2][5] During times of drought when green grass is less prevalent, they will indulge in leaves, stems, and rhizomes of grass.[7] When even those are hard to come by they will eat shrub bark to survive.[2]
They are polygynous.[2] When a female is experiencing oestrus, many males will surround her in hopes to mate with her.[2] To win the female over, the males will usually compete through ‘boxing’ with their forefeet or kicking with their hind legs.[2] Sometimes the female even gets injured during these fights because the competition is so fierce between the males.[2]
They can breed throughout the year, but their peak season is during the summer months of September to February.[2] The gestation period is about 42 days and a female gives birth anywhere from 1 to 3 ‘leverets’ at a time.[6] They can have as many as 4 litters per year.[6] It has also been proven that a female is more likely to give birth to triplets after a rainy season.[5] However, their peak time for births is during the summer.[7] The average age for a male and female to reach reproduction age is 1 year.[2]
Mothers invest little time with parenting for their young.[2] The young are born fully haired, open-eyed, and are basically developed enough to take care of themselves.[7] Although the time until independence is unknown, parents do not provide protection or resources and give them no learning experience.[2] There is some suckling at night, but it does not last for many days.[2]
Many scrub hares do not even survive their first year. However, they have been noted that in the wild, these hares survive about 5 years.[2] In captivity, they have lived to be between 6 and 7.[2]
As of now the scrub hare is listed as a least concern animal and is widespread in southern Africa.[2] Within the next 100 years, their population is estimated to decrease a further 20%.[4]
The scrub hare does have a few known predators. One of the most pronounced predators is the side-striped jackal, Canis adustus.[2] Another known predator is the cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus.[5] Some less prominent predators are predatory birds and the caracal, Caracal caracal.[6] The scrub hare does not have a large defense against predators. Its most notable is the coloring of its fur.[2] It can act as a camouflage against rugged terrain. When a predator is near, it remains completely motionless, hoping it is not spotted. But at the last possible moment when the predator is near, the scrub hare uses its long hind legs to jump and run away as fast as it can.[2] It runs in a zigzagged formation in hopes it will be difficult for the predator to catch it.[2][5] However, when it is caught it makes a loud squeal for distress and its last line of defense is to kick or bite, which is usually unsuccessful.[2]
Habitat fragmentation, commercial plantations and development threaten the species because it destroys their habitats and leaves them exposed to predators.[3] Hunting is also becoming an issue for the scrub hare.[3] Many local people hunt the hare for food and sometimes create gloves out of their soft, warm fur.[2] There has been a distinct population decline due to hunting in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.[3]
The scrub hare (Lepus saxatilis) is one of two species of hares found in southern Namibia, Mozambique, South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho. Although it is listed as a least concern species, the population has been declining and is expected to decline by 20% over the next 100 years.
La liebre de los matorrales (Lepus saxatilis) es una especie de mamífero lagomorfo de la familia Leporidae que vive en Sudáfrica, partes de África central y Namibia, entre los 1.000 y 2.000 metros de altitud.
El pelo de la espalda es gris y negro, mientras que en el vientre es blanco. Tiene una cola blanca y negra, con un pelo más claro alrededor de la cara. Su tamaño varía entre los 45 y los 65 cm, mientras que su peso oscila entre 1,5 y 4,5 kg. Las hembras suelen ser más grandes que los machos.
Se han descrito las siguientes subespecies:[2]
La liebre de los matorrales (Lepus saxatilis) es una especie de mamífero lagomorfo de la familia Leporidae que vive en Sudáfrica, partes de África central y Namibia, entre los 1.000 y 2.000 metros de altitud.
El pelo de la espalda es gris y negro, mientras que en el vientre es blanco. Tiene una cola blanca y negra, con un pelo más claro alrededor de la cara. Su tamaño varía entre los 45 y los 65 cm, mientras que su peso oscila entre 1,5 y 4,5 kg. Las hembras suelen ser más grandes que los machos.
Lepus saxatilis Lepus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Lepus saxatilis Lepus generoko animalia da. Lagomorpharen barruko Leporidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Pensasjänis (Lepus saxatilis) on Afrikan eteläosissa elävä suurikokoinen jänislaji, joka painaa aikuisena keskimäärin 3,5 kg. Afrikassa elävien jänisten luokittelussa on tapahtunut monia muutoksia; pensasjäniksellä on monia alalajeja.[2]
Pensasjäniksiä tavataan Etelä-Afrikassa, Lesothossa, Namibia]ssa Swazimaassa ja Zimbabwessa.[1]
Pensasjänis (Lepus saxatilis) on Afrikan eteläosissa elävä suurikokoinen jänislaji, joka painaa aikuisena keskimäärin 3,5 kg. Afrikassa elävien jänisten luokittelussa on tapahtunut monia muutoksia; pensasjäniksellä on monia alalajeja.
Pensasjäniksiä tavataan Etelä-Afrikassa, Lesothossa, Namibia]ssa Swazimaassa ja Zimbabwessa.
Lièvre des buissons, Lièvre des rochers
Le Lièvre des buissons ou Lièvre des rochers (Lepus saxatilis) est une espèce de lièvre, mammifère terrestre de la famille des Léporidés, décrit par Frédéric Cuvier en 1823.
Ce léporidé a l'allure générale du Lièvre du Cap ; grandes oreilles et queue relativement longue. Dessus fauve à gris brun, fortement pointillé de noir. Glances et pattes un peu plus clairs, nuque marron à roussâtre (cette coloration peut s'étendre jusqu'à l'avant des épaules), dessous du corps et de la queue blanc,dessus de la queue noir. Cercle claire autour de l'œil. Bout des oreilles noir ou foncé. Tache frontale blanche fréquente. Pelage clair ou foncé selon le climat.
Lepus saxatilis a une envergure de 28 cm pour une hauteur de 15 cm (sans les oreilles). Ses oreilles mesurent de 16 cm. Un adulte pèse de 13 kg.
On rencontre cette espèce en Afrique du Sud, au Sud de la Kunene et du Zambèze, dans tous les paysages sauf les forêts denses. Il a une préférence pour les collines caillouteuses et broussailleuses, mais fréquente aussi les champs. En montagne, il peut vivre jusqu'à 1 500 m d'altitude.
Comme le lièvre du Cap, les détails de son mode de vie sont mal connus.
La maturité sexuelle se situe vers 6 mois. Pendant l'accouplement le lièvre des buissons pousse des « vagissements ».
Dans le sud, il a 2 portées annuelles et dans le nord, 3 à 4 portées, de 1 à 3 levrauts chacune. La mise bas a lieu dans la végétation touffue.
Selon Catalogue of Life (3 janv. 2013)[1] :
Lièvre des buissons, Lièvre des rochers
Le Lièvre des buissons ou Lièvre des rochers (Lepus saxatilis) est une espèce de lièvre, mammifère terrestre de la famille des Léporidés, décrit par Frédéric Cuvier en 1823.
La lepre di boscaglia (Lepus saxatilis, Cuvier, 1823) è un mammifero lagomorfo della famiglia dei Leporidi.
L'areale di questa specie si estende lungo una vasta fetta dell'Africa: con due sottospecie (Lepus saxatilis saxatilis e Lepus saxatilis subrufus) abita l'area compresa fra la Mauritania e la Nigeria ed una fascia di terra che dall'Etiopia meridionale va a sud fino al Sudafrica, "a tre giornate di cammino a nord di Città del Capo" (F. Cuvier).
L'areale della specie si sovrappone ampiamente con quello di Lepus capensis, rispetto alla quale tuttavia la specie predilige ambienti ad elevazioni maggiori (attorno ai 1500 m d'altezza). Vive nella savana cespugliosa, muovendosi piuttosto sporadicamente verso aree aperte o coltivate[1].
Misura circa mezzo metro di lunghezza, per un peso che si aggira attorno ai tre chilogrammi: le dimensioni tendono a diminuire man mano che ci si sposta dalla parte settentrionale dell'areale verso sud.
Il pelo, corto e folto, è assai variegato: sul dorso è prevalentemente grigio con sparse macchioline nerastre, mentre sul ventre è biancastro. I due lati della testa sono più chiari rispetto al resto del corpo ed inoltre un anello biancastro circonda ciascun occhio: sulla sommità del cranio e sulla nuca sono presenti delle variegature bianche, e la base delle orecchie è rossiccia. La coda è nera superiormente e bianca inferiormente, mentre le zampe posteriori hanno colorazione più scura rispetto a quelle anteriori, che sono più corte e deboli.
Si tratta di animali crepuscolari e notturni: quando il cielo è nuvoloso li si può vedere anche durante il giorno, tuttavia sono soliti passare la giornata in un avvallamento del terreno che l'animale stesso scava. Tali avvallamenti sono fissi, ossia l'animale utilizza sempre lo stesso rifugio fino a quando qualche fattore esterno (come un predatore od un incendio) non lo spinge a lasciarlo e scavarsene uno nuovo.
Qualora, attraverso il suo udito finissimo, l'animale percepisca la presenza di un possibile predatore, esso è solito immobilizzarsi anche per lungo tempo, fino a quando l'intruso non si è allontanato ed esso può muoversi tranquillamente: se avvistato nonostante l'immobilità e la cripticità conferitagli dal colore del pelo, l'animale si dà alla fuga a grandi balzi, spesso procedendo a zig zag se inseguito.
Si tratta di animali essenzialmente erbivori, con una predilezione per le piante erbacee che crescono a climi freschi: durante la stagione secca, tuttavia, fanno di necessità virtù e mangiano anche tuberi, foglie ed altro materiale vegetale.
Questi animali non hanno un periodo riproduttivo: la femmina p in grado di riprodursi ogni tre mesi. Durante l'estro, le abitudini solitarie della specie vengono a mancare ed è assai frequente che si formino gruppetti di maschi attorno alle singole femmine, i quali combattono violentemente per aggiudicarsi il diritto all'accoppiamento. Ciascun maschio si accoppia col maggior numero di femmine possibile, così come ciascuna femmina viene montata da numerosi maschi.
La gestazione dura circa un mese e mezzo: ciascuna nidiata conta due cuccioli, ma è stato dimostrato che quando la disponibilità di cibo è maggiore (culmine della stagione delle piogge) la femmina tende a fare parti di tre piccoli. I cuccioli nascono con gli occhi aperti e già ricoperti di pelo, e dopo qualche ora sono in grado di muoversi velocemente: le cure parentali da parte della madre si limitano ad un singolo episodio di allattamento durante ciascuna notte, mentre il padre si disinteressa completamente alla prole[2]. La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta da ambo i sessi attorno all'anno d'età: i cuccioli si allontanano tuttavia molto prima dalla madre, anche se l'età al momento del distacco non è ancora conosciuta.
La specie in cattività vive fino a sette anni: in natura, la maggior parte degli esemplari non sopravvive al primo anno, ma la speranza di vita per quelli che oltrepassano tale soglia è di cinque anni circa.
La lepre di boscaglia (Lepus saxatilis, Cuvier, 1823) è un mammifero lagomorfo della famiglia dei Leporidi.
Kelinci Belukar (Lepus saxatilis) ialah satu spesies arnab yang ditemui di Afrika Selatan, Afrika tengah, dan Namibia. Ia ditemui di kawasan 1 - 2 km atas paras laut. Bulu dorsalnya berwarna kelabu dan hitam, manakala bulu ventralnya putih. Ekornya berwarna hitam putih, manakala bulu pada mukanya lebih cerah ronanya. Kelinci ini mampu membesar hingga panjangnya 45–65 cm, dan beratnya 1.5 - 4.5 kg. Biasanya, yang betina lebih besar daripada yang jantan. Setiap anak kelinci yang baru lahir purata beratnya 115 gram, dan jarang sekali menerima jagaan induk. Kelinci belukar yang dikurung mampu hidup selama enam hingga tujuh tahun, manakala yang liar pula jarang sekali menjangkaui usia setahun. Arnab ini boleh terlepas dari pemangsa dengan tidak berganjak hingga saat terakhir, kemudian cuba berlari secara siku-sika. Bulunya sering dipenuhi kutu dan pinjal.
Kelinci Belukar (Lepus saxatilis) ialah satu spesies arnab yang ditemui di Afrika Selatan, Afrika tengah, dan Namibia. Ia ditemui di kawasan 1 - 2 km atas paras laut. Bulu dorsalnya berwarna kelabu dan hitam, manakala bulu ventralnya putih. Ekornya berwarna hitam putih, manakala bulu pada mukanya lebih cerah ronanya. Kelinci ini mampu membesar hingga panjangnya 45–65 cm, dan beratnya 1.5 - 4.5 kg. Biasanya, yang betina lebih besar daripada yang jantan. Setiap anak kelinci yang baru lahir purata beratnya 115 gram, dan jarang sekali menerima jagaan induk. Kelinci belukar yang dikurung mampu hidup selama enam hingga tujuh tahun, manakala yang liar pula jarang sekali menjangkaui usia setahun. Arnab ini boleh terlepas dari pemangsa dengan tidak berganjak hingga saat terakhir, kemudian cuba berlari secara siku-sika. Bulunya sering dipenuhi kutu dan pinjal.
De struikhaas (Lepus saxatilis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de hazen en konijnen (Leporidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door F. Cuvier in 1823.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Lepus saxatilis, a lebre-de-nuca-dourada, é um leporídeo encontrado na África do Sul, em Moçambique e na Namíbia.
Lepus saxatilis, a lebre-de-nuca-dourada, é um leporídeo encontrado na África do Sul, em Moçambique e na Namíbia.
Klipphare (Lepus saxatilis[2][3][4][5]) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av F.Cuvier 1823. Lepus saxatilis ingår i släktet harar och familjen harar och kaniner.[6][7]
Klippharen har en grå päls på ryggen och hos flera individer finns svarta fläckar där. På undersidan är pälsen ljusare till vitaktig. Även svansen är uppdelad i en svart ovansida och en vit undersida. I ansiktet är pälsen vid kinderna och kring ögonen ljusare. Ibland förekommer en vit fläck på hjässan och pälsen bakom öronen är rödbrun.[8] Arten är med en kroppslängd mellan 45 och 60 cm (sällan upp till 77 cm[1]) samt med en vikt av 1,5 till 4,5 kg en större medlem av släktet. Honor är allmänt lite större än hanar.[8]
Utbredningsområdet ligger främst i Sydafrika, Lesotho och Swaziland. Arten förekommer även i angränsande delar av Namibia. Den föredrar savanner med flera träd och buskar men kan anpassa sig till jordbruksmark och trädgårdar.[1] I bergstrakter hittas klippharen upp till 1800 meter över havet.[8]
Klippharen är främst nattaktiv men under molniga dagar letar den även på morgonen eller senare eftermiddagen efter föda.[8] På dagen vilar den i fördjupningar i marken. Den varierande pälsfärgen ger djuret ett utmärkt kamouflage. Haren ligger nästan orörlig så att den inte blir upptäckt av ett rovdjur. När den trots allt blir avslöjad skriker den hög och springer iväg med många riktningsändringar.[8]
Utanför parningstiden lever varje individ ensam. Födan utgörs främst av grönt gräs som kompletteras med löv och stjälkar. Kanske äter klippharen vid matbrist bark liksom andra harar från släktet Lepus.[8]
När en hona är parningsberedd vistas vanligen flera hanar i närheten som tävlar om rätten att para sig. Hanar som boxar mot varandra, liksom hanar av närbesläktade arter, blev hittills inte observerade men det är trolig att de gör likadan. Honor kan para sig hela året men de flesta födslar sker mellan september och februari. Efter dräktigheten som varar cirka 42 dagar föder honan en till tre ungar.[8] Ungarna väger cirka 115 gram och är redan full utvecklade. De får huvudsakligen klara sig själva och får bara di under natten. Därför överlever vanligen bara en unge första vintern. Hanar och honor blir efter ett år könsmogna. Livslängden går upp till 5 år i naturen och 7 år med människans vård.[8]
Arten hotas av etablering av extensivt jordbruk och andra urbaniseringar. Den jagas även för köttets skull. Populationen minskar men IUCN listar klippharen fortfarande som livskraftig (LC).[1]
Arten delas in i följande underarter:[6]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Klipphare.
Wikispecies har information om Lepus saxatilis.
Klipphare (Lepus saxatilis) är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av F.Cuvier 1823. Lepus saxatilis ingår i släktet harar och familjen harar och kaniner.
Країни проживання: Лесото, Намібія, ПАР, Свазіленд, Зімбабве. Займає чагарники та саванові рідколісся з трав'яним покривом, але легко приживається в сільськогосподарских землях.
Веде нічний і сутінковий спосіб життя. Харчується в основному травою, хоча інші рослини теж їсть.
Репродукції, як підозрюють, може відбуватись цілий рік з піком розмноження з вересня по лютий. Середня маса при народженні становить 115 грамів.
Довжина голови й тулуба від 45–76.8 см. Вага становить 1.5–4.5 кг. Самиці зазвичай більші за самців. Хутро кролика Буша пофарбоване в сіро-коричневий колір, зверху з чорними цяточками, низ білуватий. Має чорно-білий хвіст.
Lepus saxatilis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được F. Cuvier mô tả năm 1823.[1]
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Phương tiện liên quan tới Lepus saxatilis tại Wikimedia Commons
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Lepus saxatilis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Leporidae, bộ Thỏ. Loài này được F. Cuvier mô tả năm 1823.
Lepus saxatilis F. Cuvier, 1823
Ареал
Кустарниковый заяц[1][2] (лат. Lepus saxatilis) — млекопитающее семейства зайцевых, обитающее в Африке южнее Сахары, за исключением лесистых областей в Западной и Центральной Африки.
Длина тела составляет 60 см. Окрас шерсти сверху бурого цвета с чёрными крапинами, нижняя часть тела белёсая. Верх пушистого хвоста чёрный, а низ белый. На лбу имеется, как правило, белое пятно.
Кустарниковый заяц очень похож на капского зайца, но крупнее его. Размер варьирует в зависимости от области, при этом самых крупных животных можно встретить на юго-западе Африки.
Вид распространён на территории Африки южнее Сахары.
Кустарниковые зайцы предпочитают открытые леса и кустарники, а также культивируемые ландшафты. Обычно это одиночные животные. В регионах с избыточным ассортиментом питания могут встречаться в большом количестве. Животные активны ночью и питаются преимущественно травой и другими растениями.
Кустарниковый заяц (лат. Lepus saxatilis) — млекопитающее семейства зайцевых, обитающее в Африке южнее Сахары, за исключением лесистых областей в Западной и Центральной Африки.
덤불멧토끼(Lepus saxatilis)는 토끼과에 속하는 포유류의 일종이다. 나미비아 남부, 남아프리카 공화국, 에스와티니, 그리고 레소토에서 발견된다.[1][2]
2종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]
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