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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 9 years (wild)
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de Magalhaes, J. P.
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Biology

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The yellowfin tuna is a schooling fish, and has a strong tendency to aggregate with fish of the same size, rather that just school with other yellowfin tunas (2). They can often be seen swimming near the surface with other tunas, such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)and bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus). Large yellowfin tunas have also been seen with porpoises or dolphins, particularly the spotted, spinner and common dolphins (2) (4). Schools of yellowfin tuna under floating debris are also often observed (4). This powerful swimmer is an opportunistic predator, feeding on a wide variety of fish, squid, cuttlefish, octopus, shrimp, lobster and oceanic crabs (2). Some of the fish consumed include pilchard, anchovy, mackerel, and even other tunas (2). They apparently locate their food simply by sight, as they search for food primarily in the surface waters during daylight (2). Spawning in yellowfin tuna populations can occur at any time of the year, but is most frequent during the summer months in each hemisphere (4). Each female releases several million eggs each year into the ocean (2), which are fertilized by the sperm released by the males. Yellowfin tuna juveniles grow quickly, reaching a weight of 3.4 kilograms in 18 months (2).
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Conservation

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Like the other tuna species, yellowfin tuna fisheries are managed by international bodies: the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) in the Atlantic (5), the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) in the eastern Pacific (6), and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) in the Indian Ocean (7). The management measures in place have, for the large part, successfully maintained populations of the yellowfin tuna (8).
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Description

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The yellowfin tuna is a fish built for speed and endurance (3). Its streamlined body is metallic dark blue on the back, blending into yellow or silver on the belly. The belly is patterned with numerous broken lines (4), and a vivid golden stripe runs along each side of the body, from the eye to the tail (2). The yellowfin tuna has two dorsal fins, the second one of which can be very long and is situated directly over the long anal fin. The pectoral fins, those found on each side of the body, are also long, often reaching beyond the space between the two dorsal fins (4) (2). The fins can be retracted so that water flows even more smoothly over its body when swimming (3). Tiny fins, (or finlets), run down the top and bottom side of the body, from the second dorsal fin and the anal fin to the tail. These finlets, along with the dorsal and anal fins, are bright yellow, giving this fish its common name (4). The finlets are bordered by a narrow black band (4).
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Habitat

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The yellowfin tuna inhabits the epipelagic zone of the ocean, at temperatures between 18 and 31 degrees Celsius (4). It generally occurs at depths less than 100 metres (2).
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Range

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The yellowfin tuna is found worldwide, in tropical and subtropical waters from latitudes of 40°N to 35°S, although it does not occur in the Mediterranean Sea (2) (4).
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Status

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Classified as Lower Risk / Least Concern (LR/lc) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
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Threats

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The yellowfin tuna is a popular and important target for commercial fisheries (2) (4). Around 35 countries have fisheries for this tuna species, with Japan and the USA bringing in the largest catches (4). While the IUCN classifies the yellowfin tuna as not currently threatened (1), a reduction in catches per unit effort in certain areas suggests that some yellowfin stocks may be decreasing (4).
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Migration

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they are capable of migrating more than 500 miles in 12 month period.

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Benefits

provided by FAO species catalogs
There are important yellowfin tuna fisheries throughout tropical and subtropical seas. The most important catches (well over 100 000 t) are recorded from Fishing Areas 71 (321,458 t in 1995), 51 (250,353 t) and 77 (198,696 t). Landings have been steadily increasing since 1970 to 1990 when exceeded 1,000,000 t. In the recent years the catches seem to be stabilized around this quantity. Near-surface schooling yellowfin tuna are captured primarily with purse seines and by pole-and-line fishing, while trolling and gillnetting are of much lesser importance. The 1979 eastern Pacific surface fleet numbered 259 purse seiners, 45 bait boats, and 17 other vessels flying 16 flags. The carrying capacity of this fleet amounted to 169 149 t. Purse seining is increasing in the western Pacific, initially taking mainly skipjack and bluefin tuna. In 1982, the yellowfin tuna catch by US purse seiners in this area probably exceeded that of skipjack tuna, and the total purse seine catch of yellowfin by all vessels may have been higher than that of bluefin tuna. Pole-and-line fishing is still one of the major surface fishing techniques for yellowfin tuna in the Pacific, even though this method is declining in overall importance throughout the world. The most important fishing method for deep swimming yellowfin tuna is longlining, primarily by vessels from Japan, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan (Province of China). Although these fisheries operate virtually throughout the geographical range of the species, the largest catches are made in the equatorial waters of the Pacific.The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 1 258 386 t. The countries with the largest catches were Indonesia (176 320 t) and Mexico (121 884 t).
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Brief Summary

provided by FAO species catalogs
Epipelagic, oceanic, above and below the thermocline. The thermal boundaries of occurrence are roughly 18° and 31°C. Vertical distribution appears to be influenced by the thermal structure of the water column, as is shown by the close correlation between the vulnerability of the fish to purse seine capture, the depth of the mixed layer, and the strength of the temperature gradient within the thermocline. Yellowfin tuna are essentially confined to the upper 100 m of the water column in areas with marked oxyclines, since oxygen concentrations less than 2 ml/l encountered below the thermocline and strong thermocline gradients tend to exclude their presence in waters below the discontinuity layer. Larval distribution in equatorial waters is transoceanic the year round, but there are seasonal changes in larval density in subtropical waters. It is believed that the larvae occur exclusively in the warm water sphere, that is, above the thermocline. Schooling occurs more commonly in near-surface waters, primarily by size, either in monospecific or multispecies groups. In some areas, i.e. eastern Pacific, larger fish (greater than 85 cm fork length) frequently school with porpoises. Association with floating debris and other objects is also observed. Although the distribution of yellowfin tuna in the Pacific is nearly continuous, lack of evidence for long-ranging east-west or north-south migrations of adults suggests that there may not be much exchange between the yellowfin tuna from the eastern and the central Pacific, nor between those from the western and the central Pacific. This hints at the existence of subpopulations. Spawning occurs throughout the year in the core areas of distribution, but peaks are always observed in the northern and southern summer months respectively. Joseph (1968) gives a relationship between size and fecundity of yellowfin tuna in the eastern Pacific.
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Size

provided by FAO species catalogs
Maximum fork length is over 200 cm. The all-tackle angling record was a 176.4 kg fish of 208 cm fork length taken off the west coast of Mexico in 1977. Common to 150 cm fork length. Off the Philippines and Central America, the smallest mature fish were found within the size group from 50 to 60 cm fork length at an age of roughly 12 to 15 months (Davidoff, 1963), but between 70 and 100 cm fork length the percentage of mature individuals is much higher. All fish over 120 cm attain sexual maturity.
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Distribution

provided by FAO species catalogs
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, but absent from the Mediterranean Sea.
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Diagnostic Description

provided by FAO species catalogs
Gillrakers 26 to 34 on first arch. A large species, deepest near middle of first dorsal fin base. Some large specimens have very long second dorsal and anal fins, which can become well over 20% of fork length; pectoral fins moderately long, usually reaching beyond second dorsal fin origin but not beyond end of its base, usually 22 to 31% of fork length. Swimbladder present. No striations on ventral surface of liver. Vertebrae 18 precaudal plus 21 caudal. Colour: back metallic dark blue changing through yellow to silver on belly; belly frequently crossed by about 20 broken, nearly vertical lines; dorsal and anal fins, and dorsal and anal finlets, bright yellow, the finlets with a narrow black border.

References

  • Cole, 1980 (Pacific, summarizes i.e.growth parameter estimates)
  • Mimura et al . , 1963 (Indian Ocean)
  • Schaefer, Broadhead & Orange, 1963 (Pacific)
  • Sharp, 1978 (describes the relation between vulnerability to surface gear, schooling, and environmental processes)
  • Vilela & Frade, 1963 (eastern Atlantic)

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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 10. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Neorhadinorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 12. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystoides Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymosulcus Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Capsala Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Koellikerioides Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Köllikeria Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Platocystis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Univietellodidymocytis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Uroproctinella Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Wedlia Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Wedlia Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Life Cycle

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Spawn throughout the tropical and equatorial waters of the major oceans (Ref. 6390). At higher latitudes, spawning is seasonal, with peaks in summer; may continue throughout the year at lower latitudes (Ref. 6390).Yellowfin tuna are multiple spawners, ie they spawn every few days over the spawning period (Ref. 6390). Eggs and sperm are released into the water for fertilisation (Ref. 6390).
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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 16; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 11 - 16; Vertebrae: 39
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Trophic Strategy

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Confined to the upper 250 m (Ref. 6390) of the water column in areas with marked oxyclines, since oxygen concentrations less than 2 ml/l encountered below the thermocline and strong thermocline gradients tend to exclude their presence in waters below the discontinuity layer. Feed during the day and at night (diurnal and nocturnal). In Hawaii, adults more common in late spring through early fall; juveniles common in fall and winter (Ref. 4887).Yellowfin tuna smaller than 15 kg often form surface schools of similar sized fish (Ref. 6390). Schools may be mono-specific (ie, consist of only 1 species) or include other tunas, such as skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis) (Ref. 6390). Dolphins often associate with surface feeding schools in the eastern Pacific Ocean, but a similar association is not found in the western Pacific (Ref. 6390).Off southeastern Australia, adult yellowfin tuna tend to be more solitary (Ref. 6390). Fish larger than 15 kg inhabit the deeper waters above the thermocline and tend not to school in Australian waters (Ref. 6390).A behavioural study in Hawaiian waters using ultrasonic tags (Ref. 30307) showed that during the day yellowin tuna inhabited waters just above the thermocline (50-90 m), with occasional short descents to depths as great as 250 m (Ref. 6390). At night, the tuna tended to stay within 50 m of the surface (Ref. 6390).Large concentrations of larvae and eggs are reported from the western Pacific, including the Coral Sea, and from the Indian Ocean adjacebt to Australia's North West Shelf (Ref. 30274).Tagged yellowfin tuna have been reported to move 1000 km or more over a 12-month period, but no directed migration has been demonstrated (Ref. 6390). Recoveries from a tagging study of yellowfin tuna on the Australian east coast between 27°S and 38°S suggested that most yellowfin tuna form local groups that moved no more than a few hundred miles over several years (Ref. 6390). This northward and southward movement of yellowfin tuna along the south-eastern Australian coast is probably associated with the seasonal movement of the warm East Australian Current (Ref. 30310). Also Ref. 10406.
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 8. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Bolbosoma Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Koellikerioides Infestation 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Anisakis Disease (juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Caligus Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Callitetrarhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Hexostoma thynni Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Gymnorhynchus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Coeliotrema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Tristomella Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Areotestis Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Hexostoma sibi Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Philometroides Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Hirudinella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Nybelinia Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diagnostic Description

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This large species is distinguished by the following characters: elongate, fusiform body, slightly compressed laterally; total gill rakers on first gill arch 26-34; dorsal fins 2 and separated only by a narrow interspace, the second followed by 8-10 finlets; anal fin followed by 7 to 10 finlets; large specimens may have very long second dorsal and anal fins, becoming well over 20% of fork length; pectoral fins moderately long, usually reaching beyond second dorsal-fin origin but not beyond end of its base, usually 22-31% of FL; 2 flaps (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins; body with very small scales; corselet of larger scales developed but not very distinct; caudal peduncle very slender, bearing on each side a strong lateral keel between 2 smaller keels; no striations on ventral surface of liver; swimbladder present. Colour of back metallic dark blue changing through yellow to silver on belly; belly frequently crossed by about 20 broken, nearly vertical lines; dorsal and anal fins, and dorsal and anal finlets bright yellow, the finlets with a narrow black border (Ref. 9684).
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Hepatoxylon Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Sphyriocephalus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Hysterothylacium Infection 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Oncophora Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Bolbosoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Rhadinorhynchus Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Rhadinorhynchus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Rhadinorhynchus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Rhadinorhynchus Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Brachiella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Caligus Infestation 18. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Euryphorous Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Euryphorous Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Pennella Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Allopseudaxine Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hexostoma Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymosulcus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymozoon Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Hirudinella Infestation 6. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Caligus Infestation 19. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Caligus Infestation 20. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Pennella Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Caballerocotyla Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Caballerocotyla Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Caballerocotyla Infestation 9. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Capsala Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Capsala Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Nasicola Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Neohexostoma Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Neohexostoma Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Sibitrema Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Udonella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Zeuxapta Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Angionematoborium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Cardicola Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Decemtestis infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Dermatodidymocystis vivipira Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Dermatodidymocystis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 13. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 16. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 19. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 20. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 22. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Didymocystis Infestation 27. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Koellikerioides Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Koellikerioides Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Köllikeria Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Köllikeria Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Köllikeria Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Köllikeria Infestation 8. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Neophrodidymotrema Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Orbitonematobothrium Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Phyllodistomum Infestation 5. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Umatrema Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Univietellodidymocytis Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Uroproctinella Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Dasyrhynchus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Echeneibothrium Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Grillotia sp. Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Pelichnibothrium Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Yamaguticystis Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Tentacularia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Metanisakis Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Diseases and Parasites

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Monhysterides Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Biology

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An oceanic species occurring above and below the thermoclines. Pelagic in open water , but rarely seen near reefs (Ref. 48637). They school primarily by size, either in monospecific or multi-species groups. Larger fish frequently school with porpoises, also associated with floating debris and other objects. Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. It is sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen and therefore is not usually caught below 250 m in the tropics (Ref. 28952, 30329). Peak spawning occurs during the summer, in batches (Ref. 9684, 51846). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Encircling nets are employed to catch schools near the surface (Ref. 9340). Caught mainly with longlines and purse seines. Marketed mainly fresh, frozen, canned (Ref. 9684), but also smoked (Ref. 9987). Highly valued for sashimi (Ref. 26938).
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Importance

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fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: experimental; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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分布

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
廣泛分布於全世界各熱帶及亞熱帶海域,其範圍涵蓋北緯40°-南緯40°間,唯地中海缺如。台灣各地均產,尤以東部及南部產量最多。
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利用

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
熱帶及亞熱帶海域是重要之漁獲物,全世界年產量超過500,000公噸。一般漁法包括延繩釣、圍網及流刺網等。可作生魚片或加工以及各種烹煮調理皆宜。
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描述

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體紡錘形,肥壯,橫切面近圓形,稍側扁;尾柄細,平扁,每側具發達的中央隆起脊,尾鰭基部每側另具小隆起脊2條。眼中大。上下頜各具細小尖齒一列。鰓耙正常,第一鰓弓上之鰓耙數為26-34。體被細小圓鱗,頭部無鱗,胸部鱗片特大,形成胸甲。第一背鰭具硬棘XIII-XIV,與第二背鰭起點距離相當近,其後具8-10個離鰭;臀鰭與第二背鰭同形,皆延長而呈鐮刀形,顯然較胸鰭為長;胸鰭較頭長為長,幼時延伸至第二背鰭基底中部下方,成魚則延伸至第二背鰭起點下方;尾鰭新月形。體背側藍黑色,腹部銀白色,尾叉長小於70公分者,其體側有銀白色點及橫帶。第二背鰭、臀鰭及離鰭均為黃色;餘鰭灰色或灰黑。
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棲地

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大洋中上層洄游性魚類。主要活躍於躍溫層上下方之水域,常出現水域之水溫約在18℃-31℃之間,常因水團溫度之改變而有垂直分布現象。以洄游性之小型魚類,如鯖等為食,亦捕食甲殼類及頭足類等。
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Geelvintuna ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Die Geelvintuna (Thunnus albacares), 'n roofvis, is 'n lid van die Tuna-familie en kom voor aan die hele kuslyn van Suid-Afrika, en wêreldwyd in tropiese, sub-tropiese en matige waters. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Yellowfin Tuna of Tunny. Die Geelvintuna is 'n uiters gewilde sportvis.

Identifikasie

Die vis is torpedovormig, donkerblou aan die bokant en 'n sylangse geel streep skei die bokant van die silwerkleurige pens. Die vis het geel rugvinne terwyl die rug- en anale vinne sekelvormig word met ouderdom. Vertikale wit strepe of vlekke is sigbaar op die pens van 'n vis wat pas gevang is. Die massa van 'n volwasse geelvintuna wissel van 40 tot 100 kg.

Gewoontes

Hulle is aflandig verspreid maar is al van die kus af gevang (Rooikranz naby Kaapstad en Robberg naby Plettenbergbaai) wanneer die toestande gunstig was. Die vis verkies water van 17 tot 27 °C, en jag veral op pelagiese vis en pylinkvis.

Sien ook

Bronne

Eksterne skakel

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Geelvintuna: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Die Geelvintuna (Thunnus albacares), 'n roofvis, is 'n lid van die Tuna-familie en kom voor aan die hele kuslyn van Suid-Afrika, en wêreldwyd in tropiese, sub-tropiese en matige waters. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Yellowfin Tuna of Tunny. Die Geelvintuna is 'n uiters gewilde sportvis.

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Sarıüzgəc tunes ( Azerbaijani )

provided by wikipedia AZ

Sarıüzgəc tunes (lat. Thunnus albacares) Xanıkimilər dəstəsinin Skumbrlar fəsiləsinə aid balıq növü.

Pink salmon FWS.jpg Balıq ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.

İstinadlar

  1. BioLib Profil taxonu druh tuňák žlutoploutvý Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
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Tonyina d'aleta groga ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA
 src=
Banc de tonyines d'aleta groga

La tonyina d'aleta groga (Thunnus albacares) és una espècie de peix teleosti de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

  • Els mascles poden assolir els 239 cm de longitud total i els 200 kg de pes.
  • El dors és blau acer.
  • Els flancs són grisencs, el ventre argentat, les aletes grogues i la carn rosada.[3]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a tots els mars tropicals i subtropicals puix que és una espècie altament migratòria. Absent de la Mediterrània.[3]

Interès pesquer

Es pesca pràcticament durant tot l'any en aigües tropicals i equatorials.

Observacions

La seva carn rarament es comercialitza fresca, ja que es tracta de la tonyina més emprada en conserveria.

Referències

  1. South J. F. 1845. Encyclopedia Metropolitana; or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge. Edition for 1845. Encycl. Metrop. v. 25.
  2. BioLib
  3. 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)


Bibliografia

  • Baillie, J. i Groombridge, B., 1996. Llista Vermella d'Animals Amenaçats de la UICN 1996. UICN, Gland, Suïssa.
  • Bonnaterre, J. P. 1788. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie. París. Tabl. Encyclop. Méthod. Ichthyol.: i-lvi + 1-215, Pls. A-B + 1-100.
  • Collette, B.B. i C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


Enllaços externs

En altres projectes de Wikimedia:
Commons
Commons (Galeria)
Commons
Commons (Categoria) Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
Viquiespècies
Viquiespècies
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Tonyina d'aleta groga: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA
 src= Banc de tonyines d'aleta groga

La tonyina d'aleta groga (Thunnus albacares) és una espècie de peix teleosti de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Tiwna Melyn ( Welsh )

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Pysgodyn sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Scombridae ydy'r Tiwna Melyn sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: tiwnaod melyn(ion) (Lladin: Thunnus albacares; Saesneg: Yellowfin tuna).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop ac America ac mae i'w ganfod ym Môr y Gogledd ac arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Yn agos at fod dan fygythiad' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth.[1] Mae'r math yma o bysgodyn yn cael ei bysgota ar gyfer y bwrdd bwyd.

Gweler hefyd

Cyfeiriadau

  1. Gwefan www.marinespecies.org; adalwyd 4 Mai 2014
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Tiwna Melyn: Brief Summary ( Welsh )

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Pysgodyn sy'n byw yn y môr ac sy'n perthyn i deulu'r Scombridae ydy'r Tiwna Melyn sy'n enw gwrywaidd; lluosog: tiwnaod melyn(ion) (Lladin: Thunnus albacares; Saesneg: Yellowfin tuna).

Mae ei diriogaeth yn cynnwys Ewrop ac America ac mae i'w ganfod ym Môr y Gogledd ac arfordir Cymru.

Ar restr yr Undeb Rhyngwladol dros Gadwraeth Natur (UICN), caiff y rhywogaeth hon ei rhoi yn y dosbarth 'Yn agos at fod dan fygythiad' o ran niferoedd, bygythiad a chadwraeth. Mae'r math yma o bysgodyn yn cael ei bysgota ar gyfer y bwrdd bwyd.

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Tuňák žlutoploutvý ( Czech )

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Tuňák žlutoploutvý (Thunnus albacares) patří mezi téměř ohrožené druhy ryb. Vyskytuje se ve většině tropických a subtropických mořích kromě Středozemního moře. Je to vynikající plavec, který dokáže urazit obrovské vzdálenosti během období tahů a navíc je to jedna z nejrychlejších ryb současnosti. Přívlastek žlutoploutvý získal díky žlutému zbarvení hřbetních a břišních ploutví. Tuňák žlutoploutvý patří mezi větší tuňáky a váží kolem 50–60 kg. Největší ryba vážila 184 kg, měřila 2 m a byla chycena u mexického zálivu Baja Sur v roce 2011.

 src=
Mladý tuňák žlutoploutvý chycený jako vedlejší produkt do kruhové zátahové sítě

Jeho čtyři populace dlouhodobě oslabují, a přesto vysoká míra jejich lovu neustává. Populace ve východním Pacifiku a v Indickém oceánu jsou klasifikovány jako přelovené. Další dvě populace v Atlantiku a středním a západním Pacifiku jsou klasifikovány jako pravděpodobně přelovené. Tuňáci jsou nejčastěji loveni pomocí nevodů neboli kruhových zátahových sítí, kdy se stále častěji využívá lákací zařízení FADs (například v Indickém oceánu to činí 30–40 %). Problémem při tomto nešetrném způsobu lovu je i to, že se hejna tuňáků často pohybují ve společnosti delfínů, kteří se pak zbytečně stávají vedlejším úlovkem.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-11]

Externí odkazy

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Tuňák žlutoploutvý: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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ikonaTento článek potřebuje úpravy. Můžete Wikipedii pomoci tím, že ho vylepšíte. Jak by měly články vypadat, popisují stránky Vzhled a styl, Encyklopedický styl a Odkazy.

Tuňák žlutoploutvý (Thunnus albacares) patří mezi téměř ohrožené druhy ryb. Vyskytuje se ve většině tropických a subtropických mořích kromě Středozemního moře. Je to vynikající plavec, který dokáže urazit obrovské vzdálenosti během období tahů a navíc je to jedna z nejrychlejších ryb současnosti. Přívlastek žlutoploutvý získal díky žlutému zbarvení hřbetních a břišních ploutví. Tuňák žlutoploutvý patří mezi větší tuňáky a váží kolem 50–60 kg. Největší ryba vážila 184 kg, měřila 2 m a byla chycena u mexického zálivu Baja Sur v roce 2011.

 src= Mladý tuňák žlutoploutvý chycený jako vedlejší produkt do kruhové zátahové sítě

Jeho čtyři populace dlouhodobě oslabují, a přesto vysoká míra jejich lovu neustává. Populace ve východním Pacifiku a v Indickém oceánu jsou klasifikovány jako přelovené. Další dvě populace v Atlantiku a středním a západním Pacifiku jsou klasifikovány jako pravděpodobně přelovené. Tuňáci jsou nejčastěji loveni pomocí nevodů neboli kruhových zátahových sítí, kdy se stále častěji využívá lákací zařízení FADs (například v Indickém oceánu to činí 30–40 %). Problémem při tomto nešetrném způsobu lovu je i to, že se hejna tuňáků často pohybují ve společnosti delfínů, kteří se pak zbytečně stávají vedlejším úlovkem.

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Gelbflossen-Thun ( German )

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springender Gelbflossen-Thun

Der Gelbflossen-Thun (Thunnus albacares), auch Ahi genannt, ist eine Thunfischart und ein bedeutender Speisefisch. Er kommt in allen tropischen und gemäßigten Ozeanen und Meeren vor, jedoch nicht im Mittelmeer. International bekannt ist der Fisch vor allem unter dem Namen Ahi, das aus dem Hawaiischen stammt und für eine ganze Speisengattung stellvertretend ist (Ahi Poke).

Die zweite Rückenflosse und die Afterflosse sind beide strahlend gelb, woher der Thunfisch seinen Namen erhielt. Die Farben des Körpers gehen von metallisch-blau am Rücken ins silberne auf dem Bauch über. Auf dem Bauch befinden sich zudem 20 schräg-vertikale Linien. Er wird bis zu 240 Zentimeter lang und 200 Kilogramm schwer.

Der Gelbflossen-Thun gruppiert sich gerne mit anderen Fischen derselben Größe, auch anderen Thunfischarten. Größere Exemplare wurden auch mit Delfinen, Schweinswalen und Walhaien beobachtet. Die Nahrung des Gelbflossen-Thun besteht aus anderen Fischen, Krebstieren und Kalmaren.

In der kommerziellen Fischerei wird der Gelbflossen-Thun mit Ringwaden und Langleinen gefangen. Er wird dann größtenteils gefroren oder in Dosen verpackt verkauft. Der Gelbflossen-Thun ist auch bei Sportfischern wegen seiner Schnelligkeit und Größe beliebt.

Gefährdungssituation

Die Weltnaturschutzunion IUCN führt den Gelbflossen-Thun in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten und stellt ihn als gering gefährdet (Near Threatened)[1] dar. Allerdings hält sie eine Neubewertung der Art für notwendig.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Thunnus albacares in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2011. Eingestellt von: Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K.E., Chang, S.-K., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Die, D., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Graves, J., Guzman-Mora, A., Viera Hazin, F.H., Hinton, M., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Masuti, E., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Restrepo, V., Salas, E., Schaefer, K., Schratwieser, J., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R.P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E., Uozumi, Y. & Yanez, E., 2011. Abgerufen am 20. Mai 2012.
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Gelbflossen-Thun: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE
 src= springender Gelbflossen-Thun

Der Gelbflossen-Thun (Thunnus albacares), auch Ahi genannt, ist eine Thunfischart und ein bedeutender Speisefisch. Er kommt in allen tropischen und gemäßigten Ozeanen und Meeren vor, jedoch nicht im Mittelmeer. International bekannt ist der Fisch vor allem unter dem Namen Ahi, das aus dem Hawaiischen stammt und für eine ganze Speisengattung stellvertretend ist (Ahi Poke).

Die zweite Rückenflosse und die Afterflosse sind beide strahlend gelb, woher der Thunfisch seinen Namen erhielt. Die Farben des Körpers gehen von metallisch-blau am Rücken ins silberne auf dem Bauch über. Auf dem Bauch befinden sich zudem 20 schräg-vertikale Linien. Er wird bis zu 240 Zentimeter lang und 200 Kilogramm schwer.

Der Gelbflossen-Thun gruppiert sich gerne mit anderen Fischen derselben Größe, auch anderen Thunfischarten. Größere Exemplare wurden auch mit Delfinen, Schweinswalen und Walhaien beobachtet. Die Nahrung des Gelbflossen-Thun besteht aus anderen Fischen, Krebstieren und Kalmaren.

In der kommerziellen Fischerei wird der Gelbflossen-Thun mit Ringwaden und Langleinen gefangen. Er wird dann größtenteils gefroren oder in Dosen verpackt verkauft. Der Gelbflossen-Thun ist auch bei Sportfischern wegen seiner Schnelligkeit und Größe beliebt.

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Madidihang ( Javanese )

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Madidihang utawa tongkol sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) ya iku sajinis iwak pelagis gedhé kang ngumbara ing segara tropika lan ugahari ing donya. Iwak iki salah sijiné jinis tuna kang gedhé dhéwé, sanajan isih kalah karo tongkol sirip biru lan tongkol mata bélo. Madidihang uga wujud iwak tangkapan samudra kang wigati amarga aji ékonomi kang dhuwur. Sajeroning dagang ing dunya, Iwak iki kaloka minangka yellowfin tuna (Ingg.) lan uga albacore (Pr. lan Sp.).

Pangenalan

Madidihang diwasa duwé awak kang ukurané gedé, kanti dawa saka moncong nganti pucuk percabangan sirip buntut (FL, fork length) nganti 195 cm; nanging lumrahé nganti 150 cm. Dhapuré gilig dawa mèh kaya torpédo (fusiform), rodok gèpèng saka sisèh maring sisèh.[1]

Thalb u0.gif

Sirip geger (dorsal) kasusun saka rong berkas, kapisah déning celah kang cilik baé; berkas kang kapindho di barengi déning 8–10 sirip-sirip tambahan ukurané cilik (finlet). Sirip anal dibarengi déning 7–10 finlet. Ing spèsimen kang ukurané gedhé, sirip geger kapindho lan sirip anal iki kadang-kadang dawa nganti 20% FL. Sirip dhadha (pectoral) lumayan dawa (22–31% FL), lumrahé nganti pojok pérangan ngarep sirip dorsal kapindho, nanging ora ngléwati pangkal pérangan mburiné. Ana loro lipatan kulit (tonjolan interpelvis) ing antarané sirip-sirip weteng.[1]

Gegeré warnané biru peteng metalik, suwi-suwi berubah dadi kekuningan utawa kepérakan ing pérangan weteng. Sirip-sirip punggung kapindho lan anal, sarta finlet-finlet kang mbarengi, wernané kuning cerah, kang dadi asal jenengé. Pérangan weteng kadang-kadang dihiasi déning sakiwa-tengené 20 garis pedhot-pedhot kang mèh vertikal arahé.[1]

Madidihang bisa nyandak bobot punjul 300 pon (136 kg), sanajan mangkono iki isih adoh sak ngisoré tuna sirip biru (Thunnus orientalis) kang bisa duwé bobot punjul 1000 pon (454 kg), lan uga sitik sak ngisoré tuna mata belo (Thunnus obesus) dan tatihu (Thunnus maccoyii). Ukuran madidihang ang kacatet sajeroning literatur ya iku nganti dawa 239 cm lan bobot 200 kg.

Habitat

 src=
Segerombolan madidihang ing laut

Madidihang wujud iwak epipelagis kang manggoni lapisan dhuwur perairan samudra ing duwuré lapisan termoklin. Panelitian nuduhaké sanajan madidihang akèh-akèhé ngarungi lapisan kolom banyu 100 m paling dhuwur, lan langka nembus lapisan termoklin, nanging iwak iki mampu nyelem adoh marang kejeroan laut. Madidihang kang diteliti ing Samudra Hindia ngentèkaké 85% wektuné ing kedalaman kurang saka 75 m, nanging kecatet kaping telu nyilem nganti kedalaman 578 m, 982 m lan kang paling èkstrim nganti 1.160 m.

Tuna sirip kuning iki duwé pakulinan renangé rikat lan nggerombol bareng iwak kang padha ukurané, kadang-kadang uga campur karo tuna jinis liané. Mangsa manaké lumrahé berlangsung ing mangsa panas. Iwak-iwak iki mangan manéka jinis iwak, krustasea, lan uga cephalopoda.[1] Ing laut Halmahera lan Sulawesi, madidihang mligi mangan iwak (malalugis lan teri), urang lan kepiting; kanti iwak malalugis (iwak layang) manggoni porsi gedhé dhéwé[2].

Panyebaran lan produksi

 src=
Madidihang dimuat marang trek berpendingin di Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi

Madidihang tinemu ing kabèh perairan tropis lan ugahari donya ing antarané garis lintang 40° LU lan 40° LS. Iwak iki wujud komoditas warigaluh kang wigati; buku FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics ngelaporaké antarané 1990 nganti 1995 tangkapan madidihang ing perairan Pasifik barat-tengah kira-kira antara 323.537 nganti 346.942 ton per taun.[1]

Indonésia ya iku panggonan ketemuné stok madidihang saka Samudra Hindia lan Samudra Pasifik; kemungkinan panggonan ketemuné rong golongan iku ya iku ing kiwa-tengené Laut Flores lan Laut Banda.[3] Potensi tuna sirip kuning yang terbesar di Indonésia memang diperkirakan berada di Laut Flores dan Selat Makassar, kanti amba panggonan penangkapan sakiwa-tengené 605 èwu km². Piranti tangkap ang akèh digunakaké pancing pancing huhate (pole and line), pancing ulur (hand line), pancing rawai (long line) lan pukat cincin (purse seine).

 src=
Para pemancing madidihang.

Madidihang dipasaraké sajeroning wujud iwak seger, tuna beku, utawa dikalèngaké[1]. Iwak iki disenengi sajeroning pira-pira macem masakan, kalebu kanggo dipanggang lan didadèkaké sashimi.

Cathetan

Sajeroning dagang, kang ingaran minangka albacore sajeroning basa Inggris ya iku jinis tuna kang liya, ya iku tuna albakora (Thunnus alalunga). Iwak iki luwih cilik saka madidihang (ngati 120 cm FL), kanti wernané kang mèh padha kajaba finletnya kang wernané peteng. Sirip dadana dawa ngati ngléwati pangkal sirip punggung kapindho, lumrahé pucuk nganti finlet punggung kang kapindho.

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Madidihang: Brief Summary ( Javanese )

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Madidihang utawa tongkol sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) ya iku sajinis iwak pelagis gedhé kang ngumbara ing segara tropika lan ugahari ing donya. Iwak iki salah sijiné jinis tuna kang gedhé dhéwé, sanajan isih kalah karo tongkol sirip biru lan tongkol mata bélo. Madidihang uga wujud iwak tangkapan samudra kang wigati amarga aji ékonomi kang dhuwur. Sajeroning dagang ing dunya, Iwak iki kaloka minangka yellowfin tuna (Ingg.) lan uga albacore (Pr. lan Sp.).

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Tambakol ( Tagalog )

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Ang tambakol (Ingles: yellow-fin tuna fish) o Thunnus albacares ay isang uri ng isdang tuna na nakakain. Maaaring gawing delatang pagkain ito.[2]

Talasangunian

  1. {{{assessors}}} (2011). "Thunnus albacares". Pulang Talaan ng Nanganganib na mga Espesye ng IUCN. Bersiyong 2011.2. Internasyunal na Unyon para sa Konserbasyon ng Kalikasan. Nakuha noong 13 January 2012.
  2. English, Leo James. Diksyunaryong Tagalog-Ingles, Kongregasyon ng Kabanalbanalang Tagapag-ligtas, Maynila, ipinamamahagi ng National Book Store, may 1583 na mga dahon, ISBN 971910550X


Isda Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Isda ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa nito.

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Tambakol: Brief Summary ( Tagalog )

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Ang tambakol (Ingles: yellow-fin tuna fish) o Thunnus albacares ay isang uri ng isdang tuna na nakakain. Maaaring gawing delatang pagkain ito.

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කෙලවල්ලා ( Sinhalese )

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ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි

References

Footnotes

  1. සැකිල්ල:IUCN2011.2
  2. DR. VINCE SINNING and Alex Kasten, Research Assistant. "Nauru Press Releases". Un.int. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්

Pukèe

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 src=
Pukèe atawa pa'ak

Pukèe atawa Pa'ak (nan Latèn: Thunnus albacares) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt nyang na di la’ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.[1]

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Pukèe: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia emerging_languages
 src= Pukèe atawa pa'ak

Pukèe atawa Pa'ak (nan Latèn: Thunnus albacares) nakeuh saboh jeunèh eungkôt nyang na di la’ôt Acèh. Eungkôt nyoe kayém geudrop lé ureueng meula'ôt keu geupeubloe.

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Yellowfin tuna

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The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.

Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from the Hawaiian ʻahi, a name also used there for the closely related bigeye tuna.[3] The species name, albacares ("white meat") can also lead to confusion: in English, the albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a different species, while yellowfin is officially designated albacore in French and referred to as albacora by Portuguese fishermen.

Description

The yellowfin tuna is among the larger tuna species, reaching weights over 180 kg (400 lb), but is significantly smaller than the Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tunas, which can reach over 450 kg (990 lb), and slightly smaller than the bigeye tuna and the southern bluefin tuna.

The second dorsal fin and the anal fin, as well as the finlets between those fins and the tail, are bright yellow, giving this fish its common name. The second dorsal and anal fins can be very long in mature specimens, reaching almost as far back as the tail and giving the appearance of sickles or scimitars. The pectoral fins are also longer than the related bluefin tuna, but not as long as those of the albacore. The main body is a very dark metallic blue, changing to silver on the belly, which has about 20 vertical lines.

Reported sizes in the literature have ranged as high as 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) in length and 200 kg (440 lb) in weight. The all-tackle International Game Fish Association (IGFA) record for this species stands at 193.68 kg (427.0 lb) for a yellowfin caught in 2012 off Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The fisherman received a prize of $1 million once the catch was confirmed by the IGFA.[4][5]

Habitat

Yellowfin tuna are epipelagic fish that inhabit the mixed surface layer of the ocean above the thermocline. Sonic tracking has found that although yellowfin tuna, unlike the related bigeye tuna, mostly range in the top 100 m (330 ft) of the water column,[6] another study reported that depth tends to vary with time of day: 90% of their recorded depth values were shallower than 88 m (289 ft) during the night, and shallower than 190 m (620 ft) during the day.[7]

Although yellowfin tuna penetrate the thermocline relatively infrequently, they are capable of diving to considerable depths. An individual tagged in the Indian Ocean with an archival tag spent 85% of its time in depths shallower than 75 m (246 ft), but was recorded as having made three dives to 578, 982, and 1,160 m (3,810 ft).[6] The maximum dive depth measured in a second study was 1,592 m (5,223 ft).[8][7]

Yellowfin tuna jumping
Photo of a few dozen fish swimming in dark water
Schooling yellowfin tuna

Behavior

Although mainly found in deep offshore waters, yellowfin tuna may approach shore when suitable conditions exist. Mid-ocean islands such as the Hawaiian archipelago, other island groups in the Western Pacific, Caribbean, and Maldives islands Indian Ocean, as well as the volcanic islands of the Atlantic such as Ascension Island and Saint Helena, often harbor yellowfin feeding on the baitfish these spots concentrate close to the shoreline. Yellowfin may venture well inshore of the continental shelf when water temperature and clarity are suitable and food is abundant.

Yellowfin tuna often travel in schools with similarly sized companions. They sometimes school with other tuna species and mixed schools of small yellowfin, and skipjack tuna, in particular, are commonplace. They are often associated with various species of dolphins or porpoises, as well as with larger marine creatures such as whales and whale sharks. They also associate with drifting flotsam such as logs and pallets, and sonic tagging indicates some follow moving vessels. Hawaiian yellowfins associate with anchored fish aggregation devices and with certain sections of the 50-fathom curve.

Diet and predation

Yellowfin tuna at an aquarium in Japan

Yellowfin tuna prey include other fish, pelagic crustaceans, and squid. Like all tunas, their body shape is particularly adapted for speed, enabling them to pursue and capture fast-moving baitfish such as flying fish, sauries, and mackerel. Schooling species such as myctophids or lanternfish and similar pelagic driftfish, anchovies, and sardines are frequently taken. Large yellowfins prey on smaller members of the tuna family such as frigate mackerel and skipjack tuna.

In turn, yellowfin are preyed upon when young by other pelagic hunters, including larger tuna, seabirds, and predatory fishes such as wahoo, shark, and billfish. Adults are threatened only by the largest and fastest hunters, such as toothed whales, particularly the false killer whale, pelagic sharks such as the mako and great white, large Atlantic blue marlin and Pacific blue marlin, and black marlin. The main source of mortality, however, is industrial tuna fisheries.

Yellowfins are able to escape most predators because of their speed, swimming at up to 20.8 m/s (47 mph).[9] Unlike most fish, tuna are warm-blooded.[10] Their unique cardiovascular system, warm body temperature, elevated metabolism, and well-developed lymphatic system are all involved in their ability to engage in both rapid bursts and long periods of swimming. When swimming rapidly, a tuna's fins retract into grooves to form a smooth aerodynamic surface and increase its speed, due to a biological hydraulic system involving the lymphatic system.[11][12]

The behavior of abruptly diving to deeper levels may be a tactic to escape predators. Evidence from trackers even includes a case in which a diving yellowfin tuna may have been swallowed at a depth of 326 m (1,070 ft).[8][7]

Commercial fishery

Yellowfin tuna loaded onto a truck for transportation in Palabuhanratu, West Java

Modern commercial fisheries catch yellowfin tuna with encircling nets (purse seines), and by industrial longlines. In 2010, 558,761 metric tons of yellowfin tuna were caught in the western and central Pacific Ocean.[10]

Pole and line

Formerly, much of the commercial catch was made by pole-and-line fishing, using live bait such as anchovy to attract schools of tuna close to the fishing vessel that were then taken with baited jigs on sturdy bamboo or fiberglass poles or on handlines. This fishery, which targeted skipjack and occasionally albacore, as well as yellowfin, for canning, reached its heyday between World War I and the 1950s before declining. The most well-known fleet of pole-and-line boats sailed from San Diego[13] in California and exploited abundant stocks in Mexican waters, as well as further south to Panama, Costa Rica, and the Galapagos Islands.[14]

Pole-and-line fishing is still carried out today in the Maldives, Ghana, the Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Azores. Few pole-and-line boats now specifically target yellowfin, an incidental take compared to the total commercial catch. In the Maldives, the catch is a mix of skipjack tuna and small yellowfins that often associate with them.

Purse seining

Juvenile yellowfin caught with purse seine near the Philippines
A yellowfin being weighed at the General Santos Fish Port Complex in General Santos, the center of the tuna industry in the Philippines which is the world's 4th largest producer of canned and fresh-chilled tuna products[15][16]

Purse seining largely took over commercial tuna fisheries in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, purse seines account for more of the commercial catch than any other method. The purse-seine fishery primarily operates in the Pacific Ocean, in the historic tuna grounds of the San Diego tuna fleet in the eastern Pacific, and in the islands of the western Pacific, where many U.S. tuna canneries relocated in the 1980s, but significant purse-seine catches are also made in the Indian Ocean and in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, especially in the Gulf of Guinea by French and Spanish vessels.

Purse-seine vessels locate tuna using onboard lookouts, as was done in the pole-and-line fishery, but they also employ sophisticated onboard electronics, sea-surface temperature and other satellite data, and helicopters overhead. Once a school is located, the net is set around it. A single set may yield 100 t (98 long tons; 110 short tons). Modern tuna seiners have a capacity up to 2,000 metric tons (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons), reach speeds of over 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph), and carry multiple spotting helicopters.[17]

Purse seining for yellowfin tuna became highly controversial in the late 1970s when it became apparent that the eastern Pacific fishery was killing many spinner dolphins, pantropical spotted dolphins, and other cetaceans (often called "porpoises" by the tuna fleet) that accompany the fish. This association has been long-recognized by commercial tuna fishermen.

Dolphin-friendly labeling

Since the introduction of "dolphin-friendly" labeling, an increasing number of purse seine sets are now made on "free schools" unassociated with dolphins, as well as schools that associate with floating objects—another long-understood association that has grown in importance in tuna fisheries. The latter practice in particular has a major ecological impact because of the high proportion of bycatch, including manta rays, sea turtles, pelagic sharks, billfish, and other threatened marine species taken by setting nets around logs and other floating objects. Such tuna are often significantly smaller than the larger adult tuna associated with dolphins. The removal of huge numbers of juvenile yellowfin and bigeye tuna that have yet to reach breeding age has major potential consequences for tuna stocks worldwide.

Longline

Most of the commercial catch is canned, but the sashimi marketplace adds significant demand for high-quality fish. This market is primarily supplied by industrial tuna longline vessels.

Industrial longlining was primarily perfected by Japanese fishermen who expanded into new grounds in the Western Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Longlining has since been adopted by other fishermen, most notably South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.

Tuna longlining targets larger sashimi-grade fish around 25 kg (55 lb) and up that swim deeper in the water column. In tropical and warm temperate areas, the more valuable bigeyes are often the main target, but significant effort is also directed towards larger yellowfins. Longlining seeks areas of higher ocean productivity indicated by temperature and chlorophyll fronts formed by upwellings, ocean current eddies, and major bathymetric features. Satellite imaging technology is the primary tool for locating these dynamic and constantly changing ocean areas.

Bycatch is a major environmental issue in the longline fishery, especially impacting billfish, sea turtles, pelagic sharks, and seabirds.

Artisanal fisheries

Besides the large-scale industrial purse seine and longline fisheries, yellowfin tuna also support smaller-scale artisanal fisheries that have often supplied local domestic markets for generations. Artisanal fisheries now also often fish for the lucrative sashimi market in many locations where international air shipment is possible.

Artisanal fishermen tend to employ assorted hook-and-line gear such as trolling lines, surface and deep handlines, and longlines.

By far, the largest fishery using artisanal methods exists in Philippine and Indonesian waters where thousands of fishermen target yellowfin tuna around fish aggregation devices or payaos, although this fishery far exceeds the artisanal scale in terms of tonnage caught and the numbers of participants involved, and should more properly be considered a commercial handline fishery. General Santos is the most important Philippine port for the landing and transhipment of catches. Catches that qualify as sashimi-grade are mostly shipped to the Japanese market; those that do not meet the grade are sold locally or canned. Elsewhere in the Pacific, small-boat fishers in Hawaii, Tahiti, and other Pacific islands supply local and in some cases foreign markets with fresh yellowfins.

Handline-caught yellowfin tuna is one of the few exports of the economy of St. Helena.

Sport fishing

Yellowfin tuna probably first came to the attention of sport fishermen when they appeared on the tuna grounds of Catalina Island, California, only a few years after pioneering fishermen invented the sport, targeting the Pacific bluefin tuna. These tuna were of the same species caught by commercial fishermen in Japan and the western Pacific, but the reason for their appearance was not known at the time. Later, warmer water species such as yellowfin tuna, dorado and striped marlin were found to enter southern California waters in seasons having favorable ocean conditions, particularly during the El Niño phenomenon, which brings warmer water up North America's western coast.

Yellowfin tuna were subsequently discovered by sport fishermen in Bermuda, the Bahamas, Hawai'i, and many other parts of their range. Larger adult fish which had developed distinctively long sickle fins were initially thought to be a different species and were known as Allison tuna (a name first given by the then curator of the Bermuda Aquarium, Louis Mowbray, in 1920). Such destinations as Hawai'i and Bermuda became famed for their catches of these beautiful fish. In Hawai'i, various styles of feather lures served as bait, but in Bermuda, chumming techniques from boats anchored on productive banks were evolved to target not only Allison tuna, but also wahoo and the smaller blackfin tuna. Bermudian experts developed techniques to take all these fish on light tackle, and for many years the International Game Fish Association records for yellowfin tuna were dominated by entries from Bermuda in the lighter line classes, with fish in the 200 lb (91 kg) and larger class from Hawai'i taking most of the heavier line-class records.

Today, yellowfin tuna are a major sport fish pursued by sport fishermen in many parts of the world. Thousands of anglers fish for yellowfin tuna along the eastern seaboard of the United States, particularly in North Carolina and New England. Yellowfin are also a popular gamefish among anglers fishing from US Gulf Coast ports, San Diego, and other ports of southern California. Larger "long-range" boats in the San Diego fleet also fish in Mexican waters, searching for yellowfin tuna in many of the grounds that the San Diego pole-and-line tuna clippers used to fish. The yellowfin tuna is also a highly prized catch in the offshore sport fisheries of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Sport fishing for yellowfin tuna exists on a smaller scale in many other parts of the world.

Gulf of Mexico

Recreational fishing for Yellowfin Tuna in the Gulf of Mexico is a significant contributor to the region's economy, with an estimated economic impact of $7 billion annually.[18] This type of fishing has led to the development of a thriving tourism industry, with many fishing charters and resorts offering guided trips and equipment rental services to visitors.

Yellowfin Tuna are highly sought after for their impressive size and excellent taste, making them a popular target for recreational anglers. The thrill of reeling in a massive Yellowfin Tuna has attracted many fishing enthusiasts to the Gulf of Mexico, creating a significant source of revenue for local businesses and communities. To ensure the sustainability of Yellowfin Tuna populations in the Gulf of Mexico, many fishing organizations have implemented catch limits and other measures to protect these fish for future generations of recreational fishermen to enjoy.

Clubs

During the early 1900's many yellowfin tuna fishing clubs were formed around the world. In 1917, the Yokohama Fishing Club was founded, becoming the first fishing club in Japan to cater to foreigners. The Tuna Club of Avalon, which was founded in 1898 in Avalon, California played an instrumental role in the development of the sport in North America. While in Europe The Club Nautico de San Remo in Italy and the Club Nautique de Cannes in France are two of the earliest known clubs to organize yellowfin tuna fishing tournaments in these countries, with the first tournaments held in the late 1960s.[2]

Cuisine

According to the Hawaii Seafood Buyers Guide, yellowfin tuna is widely used in raw fish dishes, especially sashimi. This fish is also excellent for grilling.[3] Yellowfin is often served seared rare.

Yellowfin buyers recognize two grades, "sashimi grade" and "other", although variation in the quality of "other" grades occurs.

Different seafood sustainability guides come to different conclusions about whether yellowfin fishing is sustainable. The Audubon's Seafood Guide (a guide for what types of marine food products are not ecofriendly) lists troll-caught tuna as "OK", but labels long-line caught as "Be Careful".[19]

Yellowfin is becoming a popular replacement for the severely depleted supplies of southern bluefin tuna.

In 2010, Greenpeace International added the yellowfin tuna to its seafood red list. The Greenpeace International seafood red list is a "list of fish that are commonly sold in supermarkets around the world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries".[20]

References

  1. ^ Collette, B.B.; Boustany, A.; Fox, W.; Graves, J.; Juan Jorda, M.; Restrepo, V. (2021). "Thunnus albacares". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T21857A46624561. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T21857A46624561.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Thunnus albacares" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
  3. ^ a b [1] Archived March 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Mazur, Mike (21 December 2012). "All-Tackle Yellowfin Tuna Record Approved -- Will It Net Angler $1 Million?". Sport Fishing Mag. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Tuna, yellowfin (Thunnus albacares)". International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  6. ^ a b Dagorn, Laurent; Holland, Kim N.; Hallier, Jean-Pierre; Taquet, Marc; Moreno, Gala; Sancho, Gorka; Itano, David G.; Aumeeruddy, Riaz; Girard, Charlotte; Million, Julien; Fonteneau, Alain (1 January 2006). "Deep diving behavior observed in yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)". Aquatic Living Resources. 19 (1): 85–88. doi:10.1051/alr:2006008. ISSN 0990-7440. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Lam, Chi Hin; Tam, Clayward; Kobayashi, Donald R.; Lutcavage, Molly E. (2020). "Complex Dispersal of Adult Yellowfin Tuna From the Main Hawaiian Islands". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00138. ISSN 2296-7745.
  8. ^ a b Pain, Stephanie (31 May 2022). "Call of the deep". Knowable Magazine. Annual Reviews. doi:10.1146/knowable-052622-3. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  9. ^ Wardle, C. S.; Videler, J. J. (April 1980). "How do fish break the speed limit?". Nature. 284 (5755): 445–447. Bibcode:1980Natur.284..445W. doi:10.1038/284445a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4265820. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b Service, Shannon (2 April 2013). "The Saudi Arabia of Sashimi". Slate. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
  11. ^ Kubota, Taylor (20 July 2017). "Tuna fin movement controlled by biological hydraulic systems". Stanford News. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  12. ^ Pavlov, Vadim; Rosental, Benyamin; Hansen, Nathaniel F.; Beers, Jody M.; Parish, George; Rowbotham, Ian; Block, Barbara A. (21 July 2017). "Hydraulic control of tuna fins: A role for the lymphatic system in vertebrate locomotion". Science. 357 (6348): 310–314. Bibcode:2017Sci...357..310P. doi:10.1126/science.aak9607. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 5833934. PMID 28729512.
  13. ^ "Pole Fishing for Tuna, 1937–1941 | San Diego History Center". Sandiegohistory.org. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  14. ^ "The High Seas Tuna Fishery of California1". Content.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  15. ^ Espejo, Edwin (16 March 2013). "Why GenSan is the tuna capital of the PH". Rappler. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  16. ^ "The Rise and Possible Fall of the Philippines' Tuna Capital". AsiaSentinel. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  17. ^ "2200T Super Tuna Purse Seiners". Cfsb.com.tw. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  18. ^ FishingTrips.com. "FishingTrips®". FishingTrips®. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  19. ^ "The Audubon Guide to Seafood". Spc.int. 2011-12-02. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
  20. ^ "Greenpeace International Seafood Red list | Greenpeace International". Greenpeace.org. 2008-08-15. Retrieved 2013-10-28.
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Yellowfin tuna: Brief Summary

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The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is a species of tuna found in pelagic waters of tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide.

Yellowfin is often marketed as ahi, from the Hawaiian ʻahi, a name also used there for the closely related bigeye tuna. The species name, albacares ("white meat") can also lead to confusion: in English, the albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is a different species, while yellowfin is officially designated albacore in French and referred to as albacora by Portuguese fishermen.

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Thunnus albacares ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El atún de aleta amarilla, atún claro o atún blanco (nombres comerciales) o rabil (Thunnus albacares) es un tipo de atún que se encuentra en las aguas abiertas de mares tropicales y subtropicales por todo el mundo, aunque ausente del Mediterráneo. Es un pez epipelágico que habita en los 100 primeros metros de la columna de agua. Su tamaño puede llegar a los 239 cm de longitud y 200 kg de peso. También es conocido por su nombre hawaiano "ahí". El atún de aleta amarilla se ha convertido en un eficaz sustituto del atún de aleta azul, cuyas poblaciones se han visto severamente reducidas.

Descripción

Es un pez de cuerpo fusiforme, más estilizado que otros atunes. Tanto la cabeza como sus ojos son pequeños, y la segunda aleta dorsal y la anal son las más largas de todos los atunes; durante su madurez alcanzan mayor tamaño. Posee vejiga natatoria. Se observan de 26 a 35 dentículos en el primer arco branquial. Sus aletas pectorales suelen sobrepasar el nacimiento de la segunda aleta dorsal, pero no van más allá del final de su base.

En la zona dorsal posee bandas laterales de color azul y amarillo. En la zona inferior y ventral es de color plata, presentando cadenas de rayas verticales alternadas con puntos. La segunda aleta dorsal y la anal son de color amarillo. Las pínnulas son amarillo limón con los bordes negros. Estos toques amarillos le dan nombre a la especie.

La segunda aleta dorsal y la aleta anal son tan brillantemente amarillas que dan su nombre común. Estas pueden ser muy largas en especímenes maduros, como son las aletas pectorales. El cuerpo principal es azul muy oscuro, metálico, cambiándose a plateado sobre el vientre, que tiene aproximadamente veinte líneas verticales.

Internamente, una característica que lo diferencia de otros túnidos (T. obesus, T. thynnus) del mismo tamaño es que la superficie ventral del hígado es lisa y con el lóbulo derecho mayor que los otros dos lóbulos, a diferencia de los otros túnidos en los que el hígado tiene estriaciones y los tres lóbulos son aproximadamente de la misma longitud. El rabil comparte esa característica con el atún de aleta negra (T. atlanticus) y con el atún tongol (T. tonggol).

Los aleta amarilla tienden a hacer cardúmenes con peces del mismo tamaño, incluyendo otras especies de atún, los ejemplares más grandes a menudo son vistos con delfines, marsopas, ballenas y tiburones ballena. Los aleta amarilla comen otros peces, crustáceos y calamares.

Hábitat y distribución

Su hábitat habitual son las aguas cálidas, siendo la especie de atún más tropical. Abunda en las aguas tropicales del Atlántico. Los ejemplares más jóvenes suelen formar grandes bancos cerca de la superficie, mientras que los adultos prefieren las profundidades, aunque en ciertos casos se les ve cerca de la superficie. Estos bancos suelen mezclarse con otras especies, principalmente atunes listados y los patudos.

Suelen alcanzar la madurez sexual cuando llegan a una longitud de aproximadamente 40 cm, siendo la puesta a lo largo de todo el año, en las principales zonas donde habita (entre los 15º N y los 15º Latitud Sur), incluido el Golfo de México.

Conservación

Las diferentes organizaciones pesqueras multilaterales (ICCAT, IATTC, IOTC, WCPFC) toman medidas anuales con respecto al volumen de capturas para evitar su sobreexplotación en los distintos océanos.

Comercio

Las flotas industriales capturan rabil principalmente con redes de cerco y palangre de superficie. Las flotas artesanales y semiindustriales también utilizan las líneas. El pescado principalmente es vendido en la forma congelada o enlatada, pero es también popular como sashimi.

Deporte

El rabil es un pez popular en la pesca deportiva de altura y es apreciado por su velocidad y fuerza durante la lucha.

Usos culinarios

Pansearedtuna.jpg
Sautéed Greg Abrams Yellowfin Tuna (6928715638).jpg
Steack de thon albacore sauté et flambé au cognac. Endives et céleri branche sautés.jpg

Según la Hawaii Seafood Buyers Guide (una guía de compradores de Hawái) el atún aleta amarilla se usa ampliamente en platos de pescado crudo, especialmente sashimi. Este pescado también es excelente para asar a la parrilla. [2]​ El aleta amarilla a menudo es servido dorado o frito.

Los compradores de aleta amarilla reconocen dos grados: "grado Sashimi" y "otro", aunque se producen variaciones en la calidad de los últimos. [2]

Diferentes guías de sostenibilidad de productos del mar llegan a conclusiones diferentes sobre si la pesca de aleta amarilla es sostenible. La Guía de productos del mar de Audubon (una guía sobre qué tipos de productos alimenticios marinos no son ecológicos) enumera el atún capturado por curricán como "OK", pero etiqueta los palangres capturados como "Tenga cuidado".[3]

El aleta amarilla se está convirtiendo en un sustituto popular de los suministros severamente agotados de atún rojo del sur.

En 2010, Greenpeace agregó el atún aleta amarilla a su lista roja de peces. La Lista Roja de Pescados de Greenpeace es una "lista de pescados que se venden comúnmente en los supermercados de todo el mundo y que tienen un riesgo muy alto de provenir de pesquerías insostenibles".[4]

Es muy común su distribución enlatado, conociéndose comúnmente como 'atún claro'.

Referencias

  1. «Thunnus albacares». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2022 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235.
  2. a b «Guía de Compradores de Marisco». Archivado desde el original el 19 de enero de 2009. Consultado el 23 de enero de 2009.
  3. «404». coastfish.spc.int. Consultado el 8 de noviembre de 2021.
  4. «Red List Fish». Greenpeace USA (en inglés estadounidense). Consultado el 8 de noviembre de 2021.

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Thunnus albacares: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El atún de aleta amarilla, atún claro o atún blanco (nombres comerciales) o rabil (Thunnus albacares) es un tipo de atún que se encuentra en las aguas abiertas de mares tropicales y subtropicales por todo el mundo, aunque ausente del Mediterráneo. Es un pez epipelágico que habita en los 100 primeros metros de la columna de agua. Su tamaño puede llegar a los 239 cm de longitud y 200 kg de peso. También es conocido por su nombre hawaiano "ahí". El atún de aleta amarilla se ha convertido en un eficaz sustituto del atún de aleta azul, cuyas poblaciones se han visto severamente reducidas.

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Atun hegats-hori ( Basque )

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Atun hegats-horia (Thunnus albacares) ur gazian bizi den arraina da, munduko itsaso tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dena[1]. Batzutan ahi izenaz ere saltzen dute, hawaieraz ʻahi izena duelako.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. The Journal of San Diego History Summer 1991, Volume 37, Number 3: 'Pole Fishing for Tuna, 1937-1941: An Interview with Edward S. Soltesz'
Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Atun hegats-hori: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Atun hegats-horia (Thunnus albacares) ur gazian bizi den arraina da, munduko itsaso tropikal eta azpitropikaletan bizi dena. Batzutan ahi izenaz ere saltzen dute, hawaieraz ʻahi izena duelako.

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Keltaevätonnikala ( Finnish )

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Keltaevätonnikala (Thunnus albacares) on tonnikalalaji. Keltaevätonnikalat kasvavat suurimmillaan 9 vuoden ikään. Havaijilla keltaevätonnikala tunnetaan nimellä Ahi (Isosilmätonnikala tunnetaan samalla nimellä.)

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Suurimmat tavatut yksilöt olivat enimmillään 239 cm pitkä ja 200 kilon painoisia.[2] Keltaevätonnikalan selkä on tumman metallinsininen, pää, kyljet ja kaula hopeanharmaita (kyljissä ja kaulassa on myös sinertäviä laikkuja sekä 20 pystysuoraa viivaa laikuissa), kylkievät ja pyrstöevä ovat tummanharmaita, ensimmäinen selkäevä ja rintaevät ovat vaaleankeltaisia sekä pitkä toinen selkäevä, peräevä ja eväkkeet ovat kirkkaan keltaisia, siitä nimi keltaevätonnikala.

Esiintyminen

Keltaevätonnikalaa tavataan trooppisissa (15-31 °C) vesissä Atlantissa, Intian valtameressä ja Tyynessä valtameressä. Keltaevätonnikalat liikkuvat parvissa joissa on usein myös muita samankokoisia kalalajeja (muita tonnikalalajeja ja hieman isompia kaloja). Parvissa voi olla jopa delfiinejä, pyöräisiä ja valashaita.

Ravinto

Keltaevätonnikalat syövät muita pienempiä kaloja, äyriäisiä ja kalmareita.

Kalastus

Keltaevä on suosittu urheilukalastuksen kohde. Kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin sitä pyydetään troolilla, pitkälläsiimalla ja nuotalla.

Keltaevätonnikala ruokana

 src=
Keltaevätonnikalasta tehty ruoka-annos.

Keltaevätonnikalan liha on korkealaatuista ja on erinomaista grillaukseen. Siitä tehdään erityisesti Japanissa sushia ja sashimia.

Lähteet

  1. Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K.E., Chang, S.-K., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Die, D., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Graves, J., Guzman-Mora, A., Viera Hazin, F.H., Hinton, M., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Masuti, E., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Restrepo, V., Salas, E., Schaefer, K., Schratwieser, J., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R.P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E., Uozumi, Y. & Yanez, E.: Thunnus albacares IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 2011. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 09.08.2013. (englanniksi)
  2. Thunnus albacares (peilipalvelin) FishBase. Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (toim.). Viitattu 25.4.2009. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

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Keltaevätonnikala: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Keltaevätonnikala (Thunnus albacares) on tonnikalalaji. Keltaevätonnikalat kasvavat suurimmillaan 9 vuoden ikään. Havaijilla keltaevätonnikala tunnetaan nimellä Ahi (Isosilmätonnikala tunnetaan samalla nimellä.)

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Thon jaune ( French )

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Thunnus albacares

L'Albacore ou Thon jaune (Thunnus albacares) est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Scombridae. C'est un thon que l'on rencontre dans toutes les eaux des régions subtropicales et tropicales de la planète. Cette espèce pélagique, absente de la Mer Méditerranée, est fortement migratrice et se trouve généralement dans les cent premiers mètres de profondeur. Le thon jaune est très prisé en pêche sportive pour sa combativité.

Dénominations

Il est à noter que, dans les pays anglophones, l'« albacore » est le nom du Thon blanc (Thunnus alalunga).

Description

Sa taille peut atteindre 2,39 m pour un poids de 200 kg, tandis que l'âge maximum reporté est de 9 ans.

Classification

Cette espèce a été décrite pour la première fois en 1788 par le naturaliste français Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre.

Synonymes :

  • Neothunnus albacora Lowe, 1839
  • Neothunnus catalinae Jordan & Evermann, 1926
  • Neothunnus itosibi Jordan & Evermann, 1926
  • Orcynus subulatus Poey, 1875
  • Scomber albacares Bonnaterre, 1788
  • Scomber albacorus Lacepède, 1800
  • Scomber sloanei Cuvier, 1832
  • Semathunnus guildi Fowler, 1933
  • Thunnus albacora (Lowe, 1839)
  • Thunnus allisoni Mowbray, 1920
  • Thunus albacares (Bonnaterre 1788)
  • Thynnus albacora Lowe, 1839
  • Thynnus argentivittatus Cuvier, 1832
  • Thynnus macropterus Temminck & Schlegel, 1844

Biologie

Le thon albacore fréquente des eaux aux températures comprises entre 20 et 30 °C, jusqu’à 250 mètres de profondeur. Il se regroupe en bancs accueillant d'autres poissons. Les poissons atteignent leur maturité sexuelle à l'âge de 2 ou 3 ans. lorsqu’ils mesurent 100 cm en moyenne[8].

Surpêche

Le thon albacore est amplement péché depuis les années 1990, les prélèvemenents se montent à plus de 1 million de tonnes par an. Ils atteignent 1,3 million de tonnes en 2002[8]. Les dispositifs de concentration de poisson sont amplement utilisés pour la capture. Péché à l'état de juvénile, empêchant la reproduction, l'espèce est menacée, principalement par les sociétés de pêche espagnoles et françaises.

En Atlantique

Les prélèvements plafonnent à 100 000 tonnes depuis 2010. Le Ghana et la Guinée équatoriale interdisent la pêche en janvier et février.[8]

En Pacifique Est

Les prélèvements ont atteint 195 000 tonnes en 2015 [8]. Des mesures ont été prises pour limiter la surpêche des différentes espèces de thon[8].

En Pacifique Centre et Ouest

Les prélèvements ont atteint à 500 000 tonnes en 2015 [8]. La pêche est interdite entre juillet et septembre dans les eaux nationales et internationales depuis 2015[8].

Océan Indien

Les stocks de l'Océan Indien sont fortement menacés par la surpêche en particulier par les compagnies européennes (400 000 tonnes en 2015). Les prélèvements des pêcheries des états riverains (Iran, Sri Lanka, Inde, Indonésie), ne sont pas comptabilisés. L'usage généralisé des dispositifs de concentration de poisson provoque des prélèvements excessifs de juvéniles, mettant en danger la conservation de l'espèce. La demande de réduction de 20% des prélèvements émise par les scientifiques depuis 2014, et de respect des tailles de captures est restée sans suite[8].

Notes et références

  1. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 10 juillet 2015
  2. Thunnus albacares, sur le site de la FAO, consulté le 22 septembre 2015.
  3. a b c d e f g et h FishBase, consulté le 10 juillet 2015
  4. a b c d e et f Nom en français d'après Dictionary of Common (Vernacular) Names sur Nomen.at
  5. a et b Meyer C., ed. sc., 2015, Dictionnaire des Sciences Animales (En ligne). Montpellier, France, Cirad. [12/05/2015].
  6. a b c d et e Nom en français d’après Termium plus, la banque de données terminologiques et linguistiques du gouvernement du Canada
  7. a et b Nom en français d'après le Grand dictionnaire terminologique de l’Office québécois de la langue française.
  8. a b c d e f g et h « Thon albacore », Guide des espèces publié par Ethic Ocean.

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Thon jaune: Brief Summary ( French )

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Thunnus albacares

L'Albacore ou Thon jaune (Thunnus albacares) est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Scombridae. C'est un thon que l'on rencontre dans toutes les eaux des régions subtropicales et tropicales de la planète. Cette espèce pélagique, absente de la Mer Méditerranée, est fortement migratrice et se trouve généralement dans les cent premiers mètres de profondeur. Le thon jaune est très prisé en pêche sportive pour sa combativité.

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Tuinnín eite buí ( Irish )

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Speiceas tuinnín atá forleathan in uiscí dromchlacha na farraige trópaicí is measartha te. Suas le 2 m ar fhad, stráice órga ar feadh taobh na colainne, na heití droma is an eite thimpireach buí. Itheann sé éisc dhromchlacha, ina measc éisc eitilte is preabairí chomh maith le scuideanna is crústaigh. Iascaireacht an-trom á déanamh air.

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Tá an t-alt seo bunaithe ar ábhar as Fréamh an Eolais, ciclipéid eolaíochta agus teicneolaíochta leis an Ollamh Matthew Hussey, foilsithe ag Coiscéim sa bhliain 2011. Tá comhluadar na Vicipéide go mór faoi chomaoin acu beirt as ucht cead a thabhairt an t-ábhar ón leabhar a roinnt linn go léir.
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Is síol é an t-alt seo. Cuir leis, chun cuidiú leis an Vicipéid.
Má tá alt níos forbartha le fáil i dteanga eile, is féidir leat aistriúchán Gaeilge a dhéanamh.


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Atún de aleta amarela ( Galician )

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Para outras especies diferentes, ver artigo Túnidos

O atún de aleta amarela ou atún amarelo[2] (Thunnus albacares) é un peixe mariño do grupo dos túnidos, familia escómbridos, capturado fundamentalmente para a elaboración de conservas.

Descrición

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Atún de aleta amarela [3]

Trátase dunha especie cunha morfoloxía semellante á dos outros túnidos, máis estilizado co atún vermello ou co patudo. Caracterízase pola lonxitude da segunda aleta dorsal e da aleta anal, moito máis longas que nas outras especies; estas aletas son de cor amarela brillante e a esta cor débelle o nome esta especie. As aletas pectorais son de tamaño medio: alcanzan o nacemento da segunda dorsal pero non chegan a supera-la súa base. As pínnulas son de cor amarelo limón, co bordo negro.

Mostra no dorso, de cor azul escuro, metálico, unhas bandas laterais amareladas. Os lados, por baixo da liña lateral, e o ventre son de cor gris prateado, con raias case verticais finas ou puntos formando fileiras. Estes debuxos son máis evidentes nos exemplares novos.

Alcanza unhas dimensións de 2 metros (cun máximo rexistrado de 239 cm), sendo máis habituais tallas desde os 40 cm ata 1,5 m. O peso máximo rexistrado foi de 200 kg.

Posúen vexiga natatoria e no fígado non mostra estrías.

Ecoloxía

O atún de aleta amarela é de distribución cosmopolita. Habita preferentemente as augas tropicais (entre os 15ºN e os 15ºS), aínda que poden estenderse a áreas subtropicais. Non entra no mar Mediterráneo. Os exemplares máis novos desprázanse sempre en augas superficiais, mentres que os adultos nadan a maior profundidade (sen supera-los 250 metros). Resulta habitual observar mestura con outras especies de túnidos en grandes bancos mixtos.

Chegan á madurez sexual xa con tallas duns 40 cm, e a desova prodúcese ó longo de todo o ano, se ben maioritariamente nos meses de primavera e verán, especialmente no golfo da Guinea e no de México. Alcanzan idades máximas de 9 anos.

Aproveitamento pesqueiro

Considérase un único stock que se despraza por todo o Atlántico: os exemplarees novos nacidos na Guinea migran ás costas americanas para regresar a desovar a África ó alcanzaren a madurez sexual.

O mesmo que acontece co atún listado, asóciase con frecuencia a bancos de peixes superficiais ou calquera obxecto flotante, o que aproveitan os barcos do cerco para a súa pesca (no Atlántico e no Índico). En Galicia non é obxecto de pesca, pero captúrase accidentalmente nos palangres dispostos para o peixe espada.

Consómese principalmente en conserva, pero tamén en fresco ou afumado. Resulta moi valorado para elaborar sashimi.

Notas

  1. Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A. F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K. E., Chang, S.-K., de Oliveira Leite, Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Die, D., Fox, W., Fredou, F. L., Graves, J., Guzman-Mora, A., Viera Hazin, F. H., Hinton, M., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Masuti, E., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Restrepo, V., Salas, E., Schaefer, K., Schratwieser, J., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R. P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P. E., Uozumi, Y. & Yanez, E. (2011). "Thunnus albacares". Lista Vermella de especies ameazadas. Versión 2011.2 (en inglés). Unión Internacional para a Conservación da Natureza. Consultado o 13 January 2012.
  2. En castelán rabil; en inglés, yellowfin.
  3. Debuxo de Robbie N. Cada (FishBase).

Véxase tamén

Bibliografía

  • Comité Permanente de Investigacións e Estatísticas da Comisión Internacional para a Conservación do Atún Atlántico (CICAA) (sen data): Glosario de términos pesqueros [1].
  • MARCH, Lourdes (1993): La cesta de la compra. Alianza Editorial, Madrid.
  • MUUS, B.J. e DAHLSTRÖM, P. (1981): Guía de los peces de mar del Atlántico y del Mediterráneo. Ediciones Omega S.A., Barcelona.
  • ZUDAIRE, Maite e YOLDI, Gema (2005): Pescados y mariscos. Eroski Publicaciones, Elorrio (Biscaia).

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Atún de aleta amarela: Brief Summary ( Galician )

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Para outras especies diferentes, ver artigo Túnidos

O atún de aleta amarela ou atún amarelo (Thunnus albacares) é un peixe mariño do grupo dos túnidos, familia escómbridos, capturado fundamentalmente para a elaboración de conservas.

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Žutoperajna tuna ( Croatian )

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Žutoperajna tuna (Thunnus albacares), vrsta tune raširene svim oceanima (u Mediteranu je nema), napose u tropskim i suptropskim vodama.

Opis

Boja leđa je metalik tamnolava do crna, a sa trbušne strane žuta do srebrna. Maksimalnio naraste 239 cm (prosječno 150), a najveća izmjerena težina bila je 200 kg. Odlikuje se veoma dugom drugom leđnom i analnom perajom. Prsna peraja je također duga. Životni vijek joj je oko 9 godina. Zadržava se na dubinama od 1 do 250 metara, najčešće do 100 metara dubine.

Ishrana

Hrane se manjim ribama, rakovima i lignjama.

Ribolov

Žutoperajna tuna u komercijalnom ribolovu značajna je za mnoge države. Prodaje se svježa, zamrznuta ili u konzervi.

Izvori

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Žutoperajna tuna: Brief Summary ( Croatian )

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Žutoperajna tuna (Thunnus albacares), vrsta tune raširene svim oceanima (u Mediteranu je nema), napose u tropskim i suptropskim vodama.

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Madidihang ( Indonesian )

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Ikan Madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) adalah sejenis ikan pelagis besar yang mengembara di lautan tropika dan ugahari di seluruh dunia. Ikan ini merupakan salah satu jenis tuna yang terbesar, meski masih kalah besar jika dibandingkan dengan tuna sirip biru dan tuna mata besar. Madidihang juga merupakan ikan tangkapan samudra yang penting karena bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Dalam perdagangan dunia, ikan ini dikenal sebagai yellowfin tuna (Ingg.) dan juga albacore (Pr. dan Sp.).

Pengenalan

Madidihang dewasa memiliki tubuh yang berukuran besar, dengan panjang dari ujung moncong hingga ujung percabangan sirip ekor (FL, fork length) mencapai 195 cm; namun umumnya hingga 150 cm. Bentuknya gilig panjang serupa torpedo (fusiform), agak memipih dari sisi ke sisi.[1]

Thalb u0.gif

Sirip punggung (dorsal) terdiri dari dua berkas, terpisah oleh celah yang kecil saja; berkas yang kedua segera diikuti oleh 8–10 sirip-sirip tambahan berukuran kecil (finlet). Sirip anal diikuti oleh 7–10 finlet. Pada spesimen berukuran besar, sirip punggung kedua dan sirip anal ini kadang-kadang memanjang hingga 20% FL. Sirip dada (pectoral) lumayan panjang (22–31% FL), biasanya mencapai pangkal bagian depan sirip dorsal kedua, tetapi tidak melewati pangkal bagian belakangnya. Ada dua lipatan kulit (tonjolan interpelvis) di antara sirip-sirip perut. Batang ekor amat ramping, dengan sebuah lunas samping yang kuat di tiap-tiap sisi, yang masing-masing diapit oleh dua lunas yang lebih kecil.[1] Sirip ekor bercabang kuat (forked, bercagak).

Punggungnya berwarna biru gelap metalik, berangsur-angsur berubah menjadi kekuningan atau keperakan di bagian perut. Sirip-sirip punggung kedua dan anal, serta finlet-finlet yang mengikutinya, berwarna kuning cerah, yang menjadi asal namanya. Bagian perut kadang-kadang dihiasi oleh sekitar 20 garis putus-putus yang hampir vertikal arahnya.[1]

Madidihang dapat mencapai berat melebihi 300 pon (136 kg), walau demikian ini masih jauh di bawah tuna sirip biru Pasifik (Thunnus orientalis) yang bisa memiliki berat lebih dari 1000 pon (454 kg), dan juga sedikit di bawah tuna mata besar (Thunnus obesus) dan tuna sirip biru selatan (Thunnus maccoyii). Ukuran madidihang yang tercatat dalam literatur adalah hingga sepanjang 239 cm dan seberat 200 kg.

Habitat

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Segerombolan madidihang di laut dalam

Madidihang merupakan ikan epipelagis yang menghuni lapisan atas perairan samudra di atas lapisan termoklin. Penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa meski madidihang kebanyakan mengarungi lapisan kolom air 100 m teratas, dan relatif jarang menembus lapisan termoklin, tetapi ikan ini mampu menyelam jauh ke kedalaman laut. Seekor madidihang yang diteliti di Samudra Hindia menghabiskan 85% waktunya di kedalaman kurang dari 75 m, tetapi tercatat tiga kali menyelam hingga kedalaman 578 m, 982 m dan yang paling ekstrem hingga 1.160 m.

Tuna sirip kuning ini mempunyai kebiasaan berenang cepat dan bergerombol bersama ikan yang seukuran, kadang-kadang juga bercampur dengan tuna jenis lainnya. Musim berbiaknya berlangsung selama musim panas. Ikan-ikan ini memangsa aneka jenis ikan, krustasea, dan juga cephalopoda.[1] Di laut Halmahera dan Sulawesi, madidihang terutama memangsa ikan (malalugis dan teri), udang dan kepiting; dengan ikan malalugis (ikan layang) menempati porsi terbesar[2].

Penyebaran dan produksi

 src=
Madidihang dimuat ke truk berpendingin di Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi

Madidihang ditemukan di seluruh perairan tropis dan ugahari dunia di antara garis lintang 40° LU dan 40° LS. Ikan ini merupakan komoditas nelayan yang penting; buku FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics melaporkan antara 1990 hingga 1995 tangkapan madidihang di perairan Pasifik barat-tengah berkisar antara 323.537 sampai 346.942 ton per tahun.[1]

Indonesia adalah tempat bertemunya stok madidihang dari Samudra Hindia dan Samudra Pasifik; kemungkinan tempat pertemuan kedua kelompok itu adalah di sekitar Laut Flores dan Laut Banda.[3] Potensi tuna sirip kuning yang terbesar di Indonesia memang diperkirakan berada di Laut Flores dan Selat Makassar, dengan luas area penangkapan sekitar 605 ribu km². Alat tangkap yang banyak digunakan adalah pancing huhate (pole and line), pancing ulur (hand line), pancing rawai (long line) dan pukat cincin (purse seine).

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Para pemancing berpose dengan ikan tangkapannya; beberapa di antaranya memperoleh madidihang.

Madidihang dipasarkan dalam bentuk ikan segar, tuna beku, atau dikalengkan[1]. Ikan ini digemari dalam berbagai macam masakan, termasuk untuk dipanggang dan dijadikan sashimi. Madidihang juga merupakan tantangan yang menarik bagi penggemar olahraga memancing.

Catatan

Dalam perdagangan, yang disebut sebagai albacore dalam bahasa Inggris adalah jenis tuna yang lain, yakni tuna albakora (Thunnus alalunga). Ikan ini lebih kecil dari madidihang (hingga 120 cm FL), dengan pewarnaan yang mirip kecuali finletnya yang berwarna gelap. Sirip dada memanjang hingga melewati pangkal sirip punggung kedua, biasanya ujungnya mencapai finlet punggung yang kedua.

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c d e f Carpenter, Kent E. & Volker H. Niem. 2001. FAO Species Identification Guide: The Living Marine Resources of The Western Pacific. Vol. 6: 3753. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
  2. ^ Balai Riset Perikanan Laut - Muara Baru. 2005. Riset kelimpahan sumberdaya ikan pelagis besar di laut Halmahera dan laut Sulawesi. (abstrak).
  3. ^ Nontji, A. 1987. Laut Nusantara. Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta. Hal. 293

Pranala luar

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Madidihang: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Ikan Madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) adalah sejenis ikan pelagis besar yang mengembara di lautan tropika dan ugahari di seluruh dunia. Ikan ini merupakan salah satu jenis tuna yang terbesar, meski masih kalah besar jika dibandingkan dengan tuna sirip biru dan tuna mata besar. Madidihang juga merupakan ikan tangkapan samudra yang penting karena bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Dalam perdagangan dunia, ikan ini dikenal sebagai yellowfin tuna (Ingg.) dan juga albacore (Pr. dan Sp.).

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Guli túnfiskur ( Icelandic )

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Guli túnfiskur (fræðiheiti: Thunnus albacares) er tegund túnfiska af makrílaætt. Hann er með heitt blóð eins og flestar túnfisktegundir. Túnfiskar eru byggðir fyrir hraða og þeir geta synt á allt að 75 km/klst.

Lýsing

Guli túnfiskur er meðal stærstu túnfiskategunda og getur orðið yfir 180 kg, sem er að vísu minna en hinn bláuggatúnfiskur sem getur orðið yfir 450 kg. Það sem einkennir gula túnfiskinn helst er langur gulur seinni bakuggi og langur gulur gotraufaruggi, en hann fær nafnið frá því, að allir uggar hans eru gulir. Búkurinn hans er dökkblár efst og verður síðan silfurlitaður því neðar sem maður horfir á búkinn. Stærsti guli túnfiskur sem sagður er hafa nást var 2,4 m á lengd og vó 200 kg.

Lifnaðarhættir

Guli túnfiskur er uppsjávarfiskur og heldur sig því grunnt og er algengasta dýpið 1–100 m. Hann heldur sig við hitastig á milli 15–31°C. Hann finnst oftast í opnu hafi og sjaldan nálægt rifum. Guli túnfiskur, eins og aðrar tegundir túnfiska, er viðkvæmur gagnvart súrefnisleysi, þess vegna heldur hann sig svona grunnt í hafinu og einnig þarf hann alltaf að vera á hreyfingu, annars klárar hann allt súrefnið í kringum sig og kafnar.

Guli túnfiskur hópar sig oft saman með öðrum túnfiskategundum og sjást oft með hvölum, hákörlum eða höfrungum. Oft sjást þessir hópar nálægt fljótandi hlutum, spítum og pallettum.

Fæða

Fæða gula túnfisks eru aðrir fiskar, krabbadýr eða smokkfiskar. Vegna byggingar hans er auðvelt fyrir hann að ná hröðum fiskur eins og makríl.

Guli túnfiskur er stundum étinn af stærri fiskum sinnar tegundar þegar hann er lítill, en einnig af sjófuglum. Hann getur þó oftast sloppið frá því að vera étinn vegna hraða síns.

Veiði

Ýmsar aðferðir eru notaðar við veiðar á túnfiskum en sú helsta er línuveiði. Einnig er stangveiði stunduð á túnfisk í Ameríku.

Heimildir

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Guli túnfiskur: Brief Summary ( Icelandic )

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Guli túnfiskur (fræðiheiti: Thunnus albacares) er tegund túnfiska af makrílaætt. Hann er með heitt blóð eins og flestar túnfisktegundir. Túnfiskar eru byggðir fyrir hraða og þeir geta synt á allt að 75 km/klst.

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Thunnus albacares ( Italian )

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Il tonno a pinne gialle[2] (Thunnus albacares), conosciuto anche come tonno albacora o tonno monaco, è un pesce di mare della famiglia Scombridae.

Distribuzione e habitat

Si tratta di una specie circumtropicale, diffusa in tutti i mari caldi del globo, in particolare nel Pacifico occidentale, mar dei Caraibi, oceano Indiano e sud dell'Atlantico. In Europa si trova lungo le coste portoghesi dell'Atlantico e non è chiaro se, talvolta, penetri nel mar Mediterraneo.
È una specie pelagica come il tonno rosso, ma può occasionalmente trovarsi sottocosta. A causa della pesca intensiva è a rischio estinzione e rientra nella lista rossa di Greenpeace, che segnala le specie marine più sensibili, sconsigliandone il consumo.

Descrizione

Si distingue dal tonno rosso, dai seguenti particolari:

  • seconda pinna dorsale e pinna anale con lobo falcato molto più lungo che nel tonno rosso; negli adulti queste pinne hanno color giallo vivo invece che blu;
  • pinne pettorali lunghe fino all'inizio della seconda pinna dorsale, più lunghe che nel tonno ma assai più corte che nell'alalunga;
  • pinnule sul peduncolo caudale, di colore giallo acceso con bordo nero.

La colorazione è blu o nero-bluastra, spesso con fasce trasversali più chiare.

È inoltre più piccolo del tonno rosso e sembra che non superi i 2 m di lunghezza.

Alimentazione, Riproduzione

Simili a quelle del tonno.

Pesca

Si cattura con metodi simili a quelli impiegati oggi per il tonno rosso. In seguito all'assottigliamento degli stock di quest'ultima specie, il tonno pinna gialla viene pescato sempre più. Le sue popolazioni, comunque, sembrano in condizioni migliori di quelle del Thunnus thynnus del Mediterraneo.

Meno pregiato del tonno rosso e dal prezzo più economico, è l'elemento utilizzato per la quasi totalità delle conserve di tonno sott'olio.

Nel 2010, Greenpeace International ha aggiunto anche il tonno pinna gialla alla lista degli animali a rischio. "La 'seafood red list' di Greenpeace International è un elenco di pesci comunemente venduti nel mondo dalla grande distribuzione, che con una certa probabilità vengono pescati con metodi non sostenibili."[3]

Un'altra problematica collegata alla pesca del tonno pinna gialla, che ha attirato negli ultimi anni l'attenzione dell'opinione pubblica, è l'altissima mortalità di alcune specie di delfini che rappresentano una comune cattura accessoria in questo tipo di pesca: ciò è dovuto alla frequente associazione di banchi di Thunnus albacares con larghi gruppi di delfinidi, in particolare appartenenti alla specie Stenella attenuata[4], una situazione talmente ricorrente che persino i pescatori utilizzano spesso i delfini come indicatore della presenza del tonno, ulteriormente aumentando l'impatto sui cetacei.[5]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Thunnus albacares, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Decreto Ministeriale n°19105 del 22 settembre 2017 - Denominazioni in lingua italiana delle specie ittiche di interesse commerciale, su politicheagricole.it.
  3. ^ http://www.greenpeace.org/international/seafood/red-list-of-species Greenpeace International Seafood Red list (EN)
  4. ^ Why Do Tuna and Dolphin Swim Together?, su www.sarasotadolphin.org. URL consultato il 19 gennaio 2016.
  5. ^ ‘Dolphin Safe’ Tuna Isn’t All That Safe, su marinesciencetoday.com. URL consultato il 19 gennaio 2016.

Bibliografia

  • Francesco Costa, Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Milano, Mursia, 1991.
  • Patrick Louisy, Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo, Trezzano sul Naviglio (MI), Il Castello, 2006.

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Thunnus albacares: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il tonno a pinne gialle (Thunnus albacares), conosciuto anche come tonno albacora o tonno monaco, è un pesce di mare della famiglia Scombridae.

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Ikan Aya Sirip Kuning ( Malay )

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`Ikan Aya Sirip Kuning' atau juga dikenali sebagai ikan Tongkol/Kayu/Tuna Sirip Kuning merupakan sejenis ikan laut yang penting untuk pasaran makanan. Ia mempunyai isi yang tebal dan bersaiz agak besar, dan hidup berkawan. Nama saintifiknya adalah P Thunnus albacares.[1]

Rujukan

Pautan luar

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Ikan Aya Sirip Kuning: Brief Summary ( Malay )

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Thunnus albacares.png

`Ikan Aya Sirip Kuning' atau juga dikenali sebagai ikan Tongkol/Kayu/Tuna Sirip Kuning merupakan sejenis ikan laut yang penting untuk pasaran makanan. Ia mempunyai isi yang tebal dan bersaiz agak besar, dan hidup berkawan. Nama saintifiknya adalah P Thunnus albacares.

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Geelvintonijn ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

De geelvintonijn (Thunnus albacares) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 239 cm en is herkenbaar aan zijn twee gele vinnen. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 8 jaar.

Leefomgeving en verspreiding

De geelvintonijn komt wereldwijd voor in (sub-)tropische delen van alle oceanen en in verschillende brak watergebieden. De vis komt ook voor in de Middellandse Zee. De diepteverspreiding is 0 tot zeker 400 m onder het wateroppervlak. Gegevens uit het merken van vissen toont dat de dieren trans-Atlantisch migreren en dus enorme afstanden afleggen.[2]

Relatie tot de mens

 src=
Geelvintonijn in de haven van Palabuhanratu (West Java). De kenmerkende gele vinnen zijn duidelijk zichtbaar.

De geelvintonijn is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang en is de op één na meest ingeblikte tonijnsoort.[2] Sinds de blauwvintonijn wordt bedreigd, wordt er meer gevist op de geelvintonijn, waardoor de populatie meer onder druk komt te staan.[3] De wereldwijde populatie van geelvintonijnen neemt af en de IUCN-status is aangescherpt tot 'gevoelig'.[2]

Externe link

Zie ook

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Geelvintonijn op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. a b c IUCN, | Thunnus Albacares bezochtdatum 2016-05-23
  3. KRO (2014-10-16) Welke tonijn wordt bedreigd? Keuringsdienst van waarde. bezochtdatum 2016-05-23


  • Collete, B., Thunnus albacares. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2011). Geraadpleegd op 2016-05-23.
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
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Geelvintonijn: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De geelvintonijn (Thunnus albacares) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 239 cm en is herkenbaar aan zijn twee gele vinnen. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 8 jaar.

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Gulfinnetun ( Norwegian )

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Gulfinnetun (Thunnus albacares) er en tunfiskart.

Den dypeste delen av kroppen er under midten av første ryggfinne. Hos noen store eksemplarer er andre ryggfinne og gattfinnen svært lange, over tyve prosent av kroppslengden. Brystfinnene er moderat lange og når forbi starten på andre ryggfinne, men ikke forbi enden på basis av denne finnen.

Ryggen er metallisk mørkeblå, sidene gule og buken sølvfarget. Buken har ofte omtrent tyve avbrutte, nesten vertikale, linjer. Ryggfinnene, gattfinnen og småfinnene er lyst gule; småfinnene har en smal mørk kant. Arten har svømmeblære. Maksimal lengde er over 200 cm.

Gulfinnetun lever pelagisk ute på åpent hav og finnes i vann med en temperatur mellom 18 og 31 °C. Arten finnes både over og under termoklinen, men sjelden dypere enn 100 m på grunn av at den krever et oksygeninnhold høyere enn 2 ml/l.

Arten har en kosmopolitisk utbredelse i subtropiske og tropiske farvann i alle hav, men finnes ikke i Middelhavet. Gulfinnetun foretar lange vandringer. Den er en stimfisk som svømmer sammen med andre individer med samme størrelse. Ofte inngår andre arter i stimene.

Gulfinnetun er et av verdens viktigste kommersielle fiskeslag målt etter fangstmengde, og arten fiskes i hele utbredelsesområdet. I 2010 var verdensfangsten ifølge FAOs fangststatistikk 1 165 296 tonn. Størst betydning har linefiske, som hovedsakelig drives av fartøyer fra Japan, Sør-Korea og Taiwan.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Stim av gulfinnetun
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Gulfinnetun: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

provided by wikipedia NO

Gulfinnetun (Thunnus albacares) er en tunfiskart.

Den dypeste delen av kroppen er under midten av første ryggfinne. Hos noen store eksemplarer er andre ryggfinne og gattfinnen svært lange, over tyve prosent av kroppslengden. Brystfinnene er moderat lange og når forbi starten på andre ryggfinne, men ikke forbi enden på basis av denne finnen.

Ryggen er metallisk mørkeblå, sidene gule og buken sølvfarget. Buken har ofte omtrent tyve avbrutte, nesten vertikale, linjer. Ryggfinnene, gattfinnen og småfinnene er lyst gule; småfinnene har en smal mørk kant. Arten har svømmeblære. Maksimal lengde er over 200 cm.

Gulfinnetun lever pelagisk ute på åpent hav og finnes i vann med en temperatur mellom 18 og 31 °C. Arten finnes både over og under termoklinen, men sjelden dypere enn 100 m på grunn av at den krever et oksygeninnhold høyere enn 2 ml/l.

Arten har en kosmopolitisk utbredelse i subtropiske og tropiske farvann i alle hav, men finnes ikke i Middelhavet. Gulfinnetun foretar lange vandringer. Den er en stimfisk som svømmer sammen med andre individer med samme størrelse. Ofte inngår andre arter i stimene.

Gulfinnetun er et av verdens viktigste kommersielle fiskeslag målt etter fangstmengde, og arten fiskes i hele utbredelsesområdet. I 2010 var verdensfangsten ifølge FAOs fangststatistikk 1 165 296 tonn. Størst betydning har linefiske, som hovedsakelig drives av fartøyer fra Japan, Sør-Korea og Taiwan.

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Tuńczyk żółtopłetwy ( Polish )

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Tuńczyk żółtopłetwy[3], tuńczyk złoty[3], albakora żółtopłetwa[4] (Thunnus albacares[5]), opisywany też pod nazwą albakora[6]gatunek morskiej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny makrelowatych (Scombridae).

 src=
Ławica albakory żółtopłetwej

Występowanie

Otwarte wody tropikalne i subtropikalne (Ocean Indyjski, Ocean Spokojny i Atlantyk).

Charakterystyka

Ma dwie płetwy grzbietowe, z których druga jest większa i ostro zakończona. Tak samo ostre zakończenie ma płetwa odbytowa. Dorasta do 240 cm długości. Odżywia się mniejszymi rybami, skorupiakami i kalmarami.

 src=
Potrawa z ryby z dodatkiem japońskiego wasabi

Znaczenie gospodarcze

Ze względu na walory smakowe mięsa jest cenioną rybą w przemyśle spożywczym.

Przypisy

  1. Thunnus albacares, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Thunnus albacares. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. a b Stanisław Rutkowicz: Encyklopedia ryb morskich. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie, 1982. ISBN 83-215-2103-7.
  4. Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973
  5. Eschmeyer, W. N. & Fricke, R.: Catalog of Fishes electronic version (11 February 2013) (ang.). California Academy of Sciences. [dostęp 17 marca 2013].
  6. Eugeniusz Grabda, Tomasz Heese: Polskie nazewnictwo popularne krągłouste i ryby - Cyclostomata et Pisces. Koszalin: Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie, 1991.

Bibliografia

  • Krystyna Kowalska, Jan Maciej Rembiszewski, Halina Rolik Mały słownik zoologiczny, Ryby, Wiedza Powszechna, Warszawa 1973

Linki zewnętrzne

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Tuńczyk żółtopłetwy: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Tuńczyk żółtopłetwy, tuńczyk złoty, albakora żółtopłetwa (Thunnus albacares), opisywany też pod nazwą albakoragatunek morskiej ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny makrelowatych (Scombridae).

 src= Ławica albakory żółtopłetwej
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Thunnus albacares ( Portuguese )

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Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788), conhecido pelos nomes comuns de albacora, albacora-da-lage, albacora-cachorra (Brasil), atum-amarelo (do inglês "yellowfin"), atum-oledê (São Tomé e Príncipe), atum-de-galha-à-ré (Cabo Verde), rabão (Angola) e rabo-seco (Cabo Verde), é uma espécie de atum com distribuição natural alargada nas água tropicais e subtropicais de todos os oceanos, com exceção do Mediterrâneo, mar Vermelho e mar da China Meridional.[1]

Descrição

É um peixe de grande tamanho, atingindo um peso de 200 kg, mas de crescimento rápido, com uma idade máxima estimada em nove anos. Tem um comportamento pelágico, forma cardumes por tamanhos, mas podendo juntar-se com outras espécies; os tamanhos maiores são frequentemente vistos com golfinhos. A reprodução ocorre principalmente no verão; ovos e larvas planctónicos.

Tem a segunda barbatana (nadadeira) dorsal e a anal muito grandes (donde o nome “galha-a-ré) e amarelas. O corpo é azul escuro no dorso, tornando-se gradualmente amarelo a branco na barriga.

Tem grande importância para a pesca, sendo comercializado congelado, enlatado, fresco ou fumado; atinge um valor elevado para a produção de sashimi. As capturas aumentaram exponencialmente desde meados do século XX até 2003, quando atingiram cerca de 1,5 milhões de toneladas mundialmente; a partir desse ano, as capturas mostram uma tendência decrescente. O método de pesca mais empregue para esta espécie é o palangre de profundidade, operado principalmente por frotas do Japão, Coreia do Sul e Taiwan; a área de pesca mais produtiva é o Pacífico equatorial.[2]

Referências

  1. “Thunnus albacares” no site FishBase.org (em inglês)acessado a 17 de junho de 2009
  2. “Thunnus albacares” no site da FAO (em inglês) acessado a 17 de junho de 2009
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Thunnus albacares: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788), conhecido pelos nomes comuns de albacora, albacora-da-lage, albacora-cachorra (Brasil), atum-amarelo (do inglês "yellowfin"), atum-oledê (São Tomé e Príncipe), atum-de-galha-à-ré (Cabo Verde), rabão (Angola) e rabo-seco (Cabo Verde), é uma espécie de atum com distribuição natural alargada nas água tropicais e subtropicais de todos os oceanos, com exceção do Mediterrâneo, mar Vermelho e mar da China Meridional.

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Rumenoplavuti tun ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rumenoplavuti tun (znanstveno ime Thunnus albacares) je morska riba iz družine Scombridae.

Opis

Svoje ime je vrsta dobila po izraziti rumeni barvi hrbtne in predrepne plavuti, ki so lahko pri odraslih ribah izjemno dolge. Prav tako so lahko izjemno dolge prsne plavuti odraslih primerkov. Osnovna barva rumenoplavutega tuna je temno modra, ki na bokih prehaja v srebrno. Vzdolž bokov poteka okoli 20 vertikalnih prog.

Ta vrsta lahko doseže do 240 cm v dolžino in lahko tehta tudi do 200 kg.

Razširjenost in uporabnost

Rumenoplavuti tun je pelaška riba, ki se rada združuje v jate, tudi z drugimi ribjimi vrstami podobne velikosti. Pogosto je ta vrsta opažena skupaj z delfini, kiti, kitovci, pa tudi z morskimi želvami. Jate teh rib se zadržujejo do globine okoli 100 m.

Rumenoplavuti tun je ena gospodarsko najbolj pomembnih ribjih vrst, izjemno priljubljena pa je tudi za športni ribolov saj je roparica, ki se prehranjuje z drugimi ribjimi vrstami, pa tudi z glavonožci in raki.

Reference

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Rumenoplavuti tun: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Rumenoplavuti tun (znanstveno ime Thunnus albacares) je morska riba iz družine Scombridae.

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Gulfenad tonfisk ( Swedish )

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Gulfenad tonfisk (Thunnus albacares), även kallad gulfening[3], är en tonfiskart som lever i de flesta tropiska och subtropiska hav.

Utseende

Arten påminner om andra tonfiskar[3] med sin mörkblå, metallglänsande rygg och silverfärgade buk med oregelbundna streck. Kännetecknande för arten är emellertid att fenorna är klargula (stjärtfenan kan dock vara svart[3]). Även sidor och buk har en gulaktig anstrykning. Den har dessutom ett klargult längsband på varje sida. Den andra ryggfenan är mycket hög.[4] Artens längd brukar gå upp till 150 cm.[5] Längsta exemplaret som registrerats var 280 cm, och det tyngsta exemplaret vägde 400 kg.[6] "Normal" maxvikt ligger kring 200 kg.[5] [7]

Vanor

Arten är en pelagisk art som vanligtvis håller till mellan havsytan och 100 m. Den kan gå djupare, men på grund av sitt stora syrebehov går den knappast längre ner än 250 m.[5]. Den bildar gärna stim, inte bara med den egna arten, utan också (och oftare) med andra fiskar av ungefär samma längd. I östra Stilla havet har den även iakttagits simma tillsammans med delfiner. Arten tar ett stort urval av fisk, tillsammans med bläckfisk samt kräftdjur som räkor, krabbor och hummer.[6]

Fortplantning

Arten leker året runt, men framför allt under sommaren. Honan kan lägga flera miljoner ägg per år.[6] Äggen, såväl som larverna är pelagiska.[5]

Utbredning

Den gulfenade tonfisken finns i de flesta av världens tropiska och subtropiska hav mellan 40°N och 35°S. Den undviker dock Medelhavet.[6] Arten är den mest tropiska arten i sitt släkte.[7]

Kommersiellt utnyttjande

Arten är en populär matfisk, som fiskas intensivt, ofta med snörpvad, även om spöfiske fortfarande förekommer.[6] Vanligtvis saluförs den frusen och konserverad, men även färsk och rökt.[5] IUCN klassificerar den som livskraftig ("LC"), men påpekar att uppgiften är föråldrad[1]. Den är emellertid rödlistad av Greenpeace.[8]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b] Punt, A. 1996. Thunnus albacares. Från: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Läst 20061114.
  2. ^ Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)” (på engelska). ITIS. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172423. Läst 7 september 2010.
  3. ^ [a b c] Curry-Lindahl, Kai (1985). Våra fiskar : havs- och sötvattensfiskar i Norden och övriga Europa. Stockholm: Norstedts. sid. 481. ISBN 91-1-844202-1
  4. ^ ”Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga)” (på engelska). ARKive (Wildscreen). 2008. Arkiverad från originalet den 21 oktober 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101021085359/http://www.arkive.org/yellowfin-tuna/thunnus-albacares/#text=All#text=All. Läst 7 september 2010.
  5. ^ [a b c d e] Luna, Susan M. (20 april 2010). Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) Yellowfin tuna” (på engelska). Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=143. Läst 6 september 2010.
  6. ^ [a b c d e] Susie Gardieff. ”Yellowfin Tuna” (på engelska). Florida Museum of Natural History. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/Descript/YellowfinTuna/YellowfinTuna.html. Läst 8 september 2010.
  7. ^ [a b] Lisa Klang (20 december 2006). ”Gulfenad tonfisk (Thunnus albacares)”. Fiskeriverket. Arkiverad från originalet den 25 augusti 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100825051939/https://www.fiskeriverket.se/vanstermeny/fiskochskaldjur/arter/allaarter/gulfenadtonfiskthunnusalbacares.4.1490463310f1930632e80006771.html. Läst 7 september 2010.
  8. ^ ”Arkiverade kopian”. Arkiverad från originalet den 10 april 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100410205501/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/seafood/red-list-of-species. Läst 27 maj 2010. Greenpeace International Seafood Red list
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Gulfenad tonfisk: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Gulfenad tonfisk (Thunnus albacares), även kallad gulfening, är en tonfiskart som lever i de flesta tropiska och subtropiska hav.

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Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos ( Turkish )

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Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos (Thunnus albacares), uskumrugiller (Scombridae) familyasına ait bir balık türü.

Tüketicilerin çok sevdiği bir balıktır. Dünyanın tüm sıcak ve ılıman denizlerinde, ve Akdeniz'de yaygındır. Tutulmuş en büyükleri 239 cm uzunluğa ve 200 kilo ağırlığa sahiptir.

Ikinci sırt yüzgeci ve anal yüzgeci açık sarı renktir, ve bu yüzgeçleri diğerlerinden daha uzundur. Vücudunun üst kısmı koyu metalik mavi, karnına dogru gümüşümsü renktedir. Aynı büyüklükte olan balıklar sürüler oluştururlar. Bazen bu sürülere diğer orkinos türleri de karışır. Balinalarla ya da balina köpekbalıklarıyla birlikte yüzdükleri de sık sık görülmüştür. Diğer balıklar ve kabuklular ile beslenirler.

Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos çoğunlukla konserve ya da donmuş halde satılır. Lezzetli kırmızı etinde çok sağlıklı proteinler vardır. Etinin lezzetini korumak için sadece az pişirmek gerekir. Fazla pişirilirse tadı kaçabilir.

Dış bağlantılar

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Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos (Thunnus albacares), uskumrugiller (Scombridae) familyasına ait bir balık türü.

Tüketicilerin çok sevdiği bir balıktır. Dünyanın tüm sıcak ve ılıman denizlerinde, ve Akdeniz'de yaygındır. Tutulmuş en büyükleri 239 cm uzunluğa ve 200 kilo ağırlığa sahiptir.

Ikinci sırt yüzgeci ve anal yüzgeci açık sarı renktir, ve bu yüzgeçleri diğerlerinden daha uzundur. Vücudunun üst kısmı koyu metalik mavi, karnına dogru gümüşümsü renktedir. Aynı büyüklükte olan balıklar sürüler oluştururlar. Bazen bu sürülere diğer orkinos türleri de karışır. Balinalarla ya da balina köpekbalıklarıyla birlikte yüzdükleri de sık sık görülmüştür. Diğer balıklar ve kabuklular ile beslenirler.

Sarı yüzgeçli orkinos çoğunlukla konserve ya da donmuş halde satılır. Lezzetli kırmızı etinde çok sağlıklı proteinler vardır. Etinin lezzetini korumak için sadece az pişirmek gerekir. Fazla pişirilirse tadı kaçabilir.

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Тунець жовтоперий ( Ukrainian )

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Жовтоперий тунець (Thunnus albacares) — вид риб родини скумбрієвих ряду окунеподібних, що грає значну роль в рибній промисловості. Зустрічається у всіх тропічних і помірних широтах світових океанів, проте відсутній в Середземному морі.

Обидва задні плавці забарвлені в яскравий жовтий колір, що дало цьому виду його назву. Решта кольорів тіла варіює від метлево-блакитного на спині до сріблястого на животі. На животі знаходяться 20 вертикальних ліній. Розмір жовтоперого тунця доходить до 240 см, а вага до 200 кг.

Жовтоперий тунець охоче групується з іншими рибами свого розміру, зокрема з іншими тунцями. Найкрупніші екземпляри іноді спостерігаються в групах з дельфінами, морськими свинями і китовими акулами. Їжа жовтоперих тунців складається з інших риб, ракоподібних і кальмарів.

У комерційному рибальстві жовтоперий тунець ловиться за допомогою величезних тенет. Після цього його заморожують і продають в консервах. Через свою швидкість і розмір жовтоперий тунець популярний і серед спортивних риболовів.

У 2010 році було виловлено 558 761 метричну тонну жовтоперого тунця у західній та центральний частині Тихого океану.

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Тунець жовтоперий: Brief Summary ( Ukrainian )

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Жовтоперий тунець (Thunnus albacares) — вид риб родини скумбрієвих ряду окунеподібних, що грає значну роль в рибній промисловості. Зустрічається у всіх тропічних і помірних широтах світових океанів, проте відсутній в Середземному морі.

Обидва задні плавці забарвлені в яскравий жовтий колір, що дало цьому виду його назву. Решта кольорів тіла варіює від метлево-блакитного на спині до сріблястого на животі. На животі знаходяться 20 вертикальних ліній. Розмір жовтоперого тунця доходить до 240 см, а вага до 200 кг.

Жовтоперий тунець охоче групується з іншими рибами свого розміру, зокрема з іншими тунцями. Найкрупніші екземпляри іноді спостерігаються в групах з дельфінами, морськими свинями і китовими акулами. Їжа жовтоперих тунців складається з інших риб, ракоподібних і кальмарів.

У комерційному рибальстві жовтоперий тунець ловиться за допомогою величезних тенет. Після цього його заморожують і продають в консервах. Через свою швидкість і розмір жовтоперий тунець популярний і серед спортивних риболовів.

У 2010 році було виловлено 558 761 метричну тонну жовтоперого тунця у західній та центральний частині Тихого океану.

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Cá ngừ vây vàng ( Vietnamese )

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Cá ngừ vây vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Thunnus albacares) là một loài cá ngừ được dùng làm thực phẩm cho con người. Nó được tìm thấy ngoài khơi trên các vùng biển nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới trên khắp thế giới, mặc dù không thấy có tại khu vực Địa Trung Hải. Theo một số báo cáo, nó có thể dài tới 239 cm (94 inch) và cân nặng tới 200 kg (440 pound).

Mô tả

 src=
Cá ngừ vây vàng

Vây lưng thứ hai và vây hậu môn có màu vàng sáng, vì thế mà nó có tên gọi này. Các vây này cũng như các vây ngực đều rất dài. Cơ thể của nó có màu xanh kim loại sẫm, đổi thành màu bạc ở phần bụng. Nó cũng có khoảng 20 vạch theo chiều dọc.

Cá ngừ vây vàng có xu hướng bơi thành bầy với những loại cá khác có cùng kích cỡ, bao gồm các loại cá ngừ khác cũng như các loại cá lớn hơn khác như cá heo, cá voi hay cá nhám voi. Cá ngừ vây vàng ăn các loại cá nhỏ khác, động vật giáp xác hay mực.

Người ta đánh bắt cá ngừ vây vàng bằng lưới vây, cũng như bằng cần và dây câu. Loại cá này được bán chủ yếu dưới dạng đông lạnh hay đóng hộp, nhưng cũng rất phổ biến dưới dạng sashimi (刺身)- một dạng gỏi cá của người Nhật Bản.

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A. F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K. E., Chang, S.-K., de Oliveira Leite, Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Die, D., Fox, W., Fredou, F. L., Graves, J., Guzman-Mora, A., Viera Hazin, F. H., Hinton, M., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Masuti, E., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Restrepo, V., Salas, E., Schaefer, K., Schratwieser, J., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R. P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P. E., Uozumi, Y. & Yanez, E. (2011). Thunnus albacares. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2011.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 1 năm 2012.
  2. ^ http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=172423. Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |språk= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |titel= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |utgivare= (trợ giúp); Đã bỏ qua tham số không rõ |hämtdatum= (trợ giúp); |tựa đề= trống hay bị thiếu (trợ giúp)

Tham khảo

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cá ngừ vây vàng

 src= Phương tiện liên quan tới Thunnus albacares tại Wikimedia Commons


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá vược này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
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wikipedia VI

Cá ngừ vây vàng: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá ngừ vây vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Thunnus albacares) là một loài cá ngừ được dùng làm thực phẩm cho con người. Nó được tìm thấy ngoài khơi trên các vùng biển nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới trên khắp thế giới, mặc dù không thấy có tại khu vực Địa Trung Hải. Theo một số báo cáo, nó có thể dài tới 239 cm (94 inch) và cân nặng tới 200 kg (440 pound).

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Желтопёрый тунец ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Надотряд: Колючепёрые
Серия: Перкоморфы
Подотряд: Скумбриевидные
Семейство: Скумбриевые
Род: Тунцы
Вид: Желтопёрый тунец
Международное научное название

Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)

Синонимы
по данным BioLib[1]:
  • Germo albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
  • Germo albacora (Lowe, 1839)
  • Germo allisoni (Mowbray, 1920)
  • Germo argentivittatus (Cuvier, 1832)
  • Germo itosibi (Jordan & Evermann, 1926)
  • Germo macropterus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
  • Kishincella zacalles Jordan & Evermann, 1926
  • Kishinoella zacalles Jordan & Evermann, 1926
  • Neothunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
  • Neothunnus albacora (Lowe, 1839)
Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 172423NCBI 8236EOL 205934FW 345175

Желтопёрый тунец, или желтохвостый тунец[2] (лат. Thunnus albacares) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства скумбриевых отряда окунеобразных, играющий значительную роль в рыбной промышленности. Встречается во всех тропических и умеренных широтах мировых океанов, однако отсутствует в Средиземном море. Максимальная зарегистрированная длина 239 см, а масса 200 кг. Ценный промысловый вид[3].

Описание

Тело веретенообразное, удлинённое, высокое в средней части и резко сужается к хвостовому стеблю. Максимальная длина тела 239 см, а масса — 200 кг[4]. Голова большая, нижняя челюсть несколько выдаётся вперёд. В первом спинном плавнике 12—14 жёстких лучей, а во втором спинном плавнике 13—16 мягких лучей. Между вторым спинным и хвостовым плавниками расположено 8—10 маленьких дополнительных плавничков. В анальном плавнике 12—15 мягких лучей. Между анальным и хвостовым плавниками расположено 7—10 дополнительных плавничков. Хвостовой плавник сильно выемчатый, месяцеобразный[5]. У крупных половозрелых особей второй спинной и анальный плавники очень длинные, их края достигают основания хвостового плавника. Грудные плавники очень длинные, достигают вертикали начала основания второго спинного плавника. Спина тёмно-синего цвета с металлическим отливом, бока желтоватые, а брюхо светло-серебристое. Второй спинной и анальный плавники ярко-жёлтые. Дополнительные плавнички ярко-жёлтые с тёмными краями. На первой жаберной дуге 27—34 жаберных тычинок. В боковой линии 220—270 чешуй. Плавательный пузырь есть. Печень с тремя лопастями, правая лопасть длинная, радиальная исчерченность отсутствует[6].

Распространение

Широко распространён в тропических и субтропических регионах всех океанов. В отличие от обыкновенного и длиннопёрого тунца трансокеанских миграций желтоперый тунец не совершает[7].

Границы ареала желтопёрого тунца примерно соответствуют положению изотермы 20 °С в наиболее тёплое время года. Обычно эти рыбы держатся в поверхностном слое и редко опускаются глубже 100 м[7]. Эти рыбы не встречаются в воде температурой ниже 18 °С. Молодь обычно держатся стаями у поверхности воды в прибрежных районах, тогда как взрослые особи живут в открытом океане на глубине до 150 м. Районы наибольшей концентрации этого вида наблюдаются в водах с повышенной биологической продуктивностью, изобилующих пищей[8].

Желтопёрый тунец охотно группируется с другими рыбами своего размера, в том числе с другими тунцами. Молодь вида (до 100 см) формирует смешанные скопления с полосатым и молодью большеглазого тунца[9]. Самые крупные экземпляры иногда наблюдаются в группах с дельфинами, морскими свиньями и китовыми акулами.

Биология

См. также Особенности физиологии тунцов

Подобно прочим тунцам желтопёрые тунцы имеют хорошо развитые кровеносные сосуды кожи и боковых мышц тела и богатую гемоглобином кровь. Температура тела во время активного плаванья превышает температуру воды на несколько градусов.

Размножение и жизненный цикл

Желтопёрые тунцы размножаются икрометанием. Они быстро растут: годовой прирост длины составляет 20—40 см. Они достигают половой зрелости при длине длине 50—60 см. Плодовитость составляет около 1 млн икринок у небольших рыб и до 8,5 млн у крупных особей. Нерест в тропической зоне происходит круглогодично, а у её краев в летние месяцы[7].

Питание

Пища желтопёрых тунцов состоит из других рыб, ракообразных, моллюсков и кальмаров. Избирательность в питании отсутствует: в желудках этих хищников были обнаружены рыбы, относящиеся к 50 различным семействам[7].

Взаимодействие с человеком

Важный промысловый объект. Готовое мясо жёлтого или коричневого цвета, по структуре твердое, вкус мягкий. Рыба большого размера идеально подходит для консервирования[10]. На рынке США известен как ahi tuna[11].

Промысловое значение

В коммерческом рыболовстве желтопёрый тунец ловится с помощью ярусов и кошельковых неводов. Мировые уловы желтопёрого тунца в 2004—2013 годах варьировались от 1,093 до 1,456 млн тонн[6]. Улов замораживают и продают в консервах. 25 % желтопёрого тунца добывают на востоке Тихого океана, 35 % в западной части Тихого океана, 25 % в Индийском океане и 15 % в Атлантическом океане[10].

В Атлантическом океане желтопёрый тунец интенсивно эксплуатируется, с 1994 г. вылов снижается. Международная комиссия по сохранению запасов атлантических тунцов (ICCAT) заботясь о сохранении молоди этого вида, добываемого в районе экватора, ввела запрет кошелькового лова в экваториальной зоне с ноября по январь. Состояние запасов в Атлантике оценивается как удовлетворительное[9]. Международная комиссия по сохранению запасов атлантических тунцовruen установила общий допустимый улов для ежегодного вылова желтопёрого тунца в зоне ответственности Комиссии на уровне 110 тыс. тонн[12].

В 2003—2005 гг. в западной части Индийского океана отмечались аномально высокие уловы желтоперого тунца. Фактический улов в 2010 году составляет 299 тыс. т, средний вылов за период 2006—2010 гг. — 326,6 тыс. т[9].

Снижение уловов желтоперого тунца в 2008—2009 гг. было связано с переходом части тунцеловных кошельковых сейнеров и ярусных судов в Атлантический океан из-за участившегося пиратства. В настоящее время запас желтопёрого тунца в Индийском океане находится в стабильном состоянии[9].

Из-за своей скорости и величины желтопёрый тунец популярен и среди спортивных рыболовов. Наряду с такими рыбами как марлин, рыба-меч и парусник, он входит в список трофеев, необходимых для получения классификации «Большой шлем» Международной Ассоциации Рыболовов[13]. Рекордная масса трофейного желтопёрого тунца составляет 193 кг[14].

Международный союз охраны природы присвоил виду охранный статус «Близкий к уязвимому положению»[3]. В 2010 году Гринпис внёс желтопёрого тунца в «Красный список продуктов», от употребления которых рекомендовано воздерживаться, чтобы не усугублять вред, наносимый экосистеме[15].

Примечания

  1. BioLib Profil taxonu druh tuňák žlutoploutvý Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)
  2. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 365. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  3. 1 2 Thunnus albacares (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  4. Thunnus albacares (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
  5. Промысловые рыбы России. В двух томах / Под ред. О. Ф. Гриценко, А. Н. Котляра и Б. Н. Котенёва. — М.: изд-во ВНИРО, 2006. — Т. 2. — С. 877—879. — 624 с. — ISBN 5-85382-229-2.
  6. 1 2 Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788) FAO, Species Fact Sheet
  7. 1 2 3 4 Н. В. Парин. Рыбы открытого океана / Под редакцией чл.- корреспондента АН СССР А. П. Андрияшева. — Москва: Наука, 1988. — ISBN 5-02-005246-9.
  8. Жизнь животных. Том 4. Ланцетники. Круглоротые. Хрящевые рыбы. Костные рыбы / под ред. Т. С. Расса, гл. ред. В. Е. Соколов. — 2-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 1983. — С. 459. — 300 000 экз.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Будыленко Г., Гайков В. Перспективы развития российского промысла тунцов в мировом океане (неопр.). Информационно-аналитический журнал «Морская индустрия». Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
  10. 1 2 Маркетинговое исследование мирового рынка консервированного тунца . Vigor Consult (неопр.). www.vigorconsult.ru. Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
  11. Definition of AHI (неопр.). www.merriam-webster.com. Проверено 5 сентября 2016.
  12. Фонд восстановления и развития тунцового промысла “Марлин” (неопр.). fund-marlin.ru. Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
  13. Желтоперый тунец. (неопр.). gamefishing.ru. Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
  14. IGFA World Record | All Tackle Records | Tuna yellowfin (неопр.). wrec.igfa.org. Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
  15. Greenpeace Seafood Red list (неопр.). Greenpeace International. Проверено 26 февраля 2016.
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Желтопёрый тунец: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Желтопёрый тунец, или желтохвостый тунец (лат. Thunnus albacares) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства скумбриевых отряда окунеобразных, играющий значительную роль в рыбной промышленности. Встречается во всех тропических и умеренных широтах мировых океанов, однако отсутствует в Средиземном море. Максимальная зарегистрированная длина 239 см, а масса 200 кг. Ценный промысловый вид.

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黄鳍金枪鱼 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

黃鰭鮪(学名Thunnus albacaresyellowfin tuna),即黄鳍金枪鱼,是一种食用鱼,因二背鳍和臀鳍呈黄色而得名,生活全球热带亚热带海洋中,但不包括地中海,棲息深度1-250公尺。黄鳍金枪鱼体长约为2米,体重200公斤左右,棲息在溫暖海域,成群活動,屬肉食性,以魚類甲殼類烏賊等為食,為高經濟價值的食用魚。

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跳出水面的黄鳍金枪鱼
 src=
黄鳍金枪鱼群

參考文獻

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黄鳍金枪鱼: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

黃鰭鮪(学名Thunnus albacares、yellowfin tuna),即黄鳍金枪鱼,是一种食用鱼,因二背鳍和臀鳍呈黄色而得名,生活全球热带亚热带海洋中,但不包括地中海,棲息深度1-250公尺。黄鳍金枪鱼体长约为2米,体重200公斤左右,棲息在溫暖海域,成群活動,屬肉食性,以魚類甲殼類烏賊等為食,為高經濟價值的食用魚。

 src= 跳出水面的黄鳍金枪鱼  src= 黄鳍金枪鱼群
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キハダ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
曖昧さ回避 この項目では、魚(マグロ)について説明しています。同名の植物(落葉高木)については「キハダ (植物)」を、打楽器については「キハーダ」をご覧ください。
キハダ Fish4499 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg
キハダ(黄肌、木肌、学名 Thunnus albacares
保全状況評価[1] NEAR THREATENED
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 NT.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii : スズキ目 Perciformes 亜目 : サバ亜目 Scombroidei : サバ科 Scombridae 亜科 : サバ亜科 Scombrinae : マグロ族 Thunnini : マグロ属 Thunnus South,1845 亜属 : Neothunnus
Kishinouye,1923 : キハダ T.(N.) albacares 学名 Thunnus albacares
(Bonnaterre,1788) 和名 キハダ(黄肌、木肌) 英名 Yellowfin tuna  src= ウィキスピーシーズにキハダに関する情報があります。

キハダ(黄肌、木肌、学名 Thunnus albacares)は、スズキ目サバ科に分類される魚の一種。全世界の熱帯・亜熱帯海域に広く分布するマグロで、缶詰刺身などに用いられる重要な食用魚である。日本ではキハダマグロ[2](黄肌鮪、木肌鮪)とも呼ばれる。

名称[編集]

地方名には、キワダ(東京和歌山)、マシビ(大阪兵庫県高知)、イトシビ(高知)、ハツ(高知)、シビ(鹿児島県奄美群島)、キンヒレなどがある。また若魚は各地でキメジ(木目地)とも呼ばれる。

成長段階で呼び分けることもあり、高知県では幼魚をビンと呼ぶ。

台湾では「黃鰭鮪」を正式名としているが、台湾語では他のマグロ類とともに英語のtunaから「串仔」(ツガ、tshǹg-á)と呼んでいる。

特徴[編集]

成魚は全長239 cm・体重200 kgに達する。マグロ属8種の中ではミナミマグロメバチと並ぶ中型種である。ただし、熱帯海域では全長3 mに達するとした文献もある。日本近海産は熱帯産よりも小型で、大きくても全長1.5 m、体重70 kgほどである。

第二背鰭尻鰭黄色で、成長につれ状に伸長する点で他のマグロ類と区別できる。各地での呼称もここに因んだものが多い。老成個体ではこの二つの鰭が頭長より長く、糸状に伸びる。体色もいくらか黄色を帯びる。また、クロマグロやメバチに比べると体型が比較的前後に細長い。マグロ属の分類では、本種とコシナガタイセイヨウマグロの3種類は他の5種と別の Neothunnus 亜属に分類されている。

若魚は体側に後方へ向けて下がる斜めの白い縞模様がある。若魚は第二背鰭と尻鰭が短いので他種との区別がつけにくく、特にメバチの若魚とよく似る。

分布[編集]

全世界の熱帯・亜熱帯海域に広く分布するが、地中海には分布しない。日本沿岸でも北海道以南で見られるが、伊豆諸島以南の太平洋側に多く、日本海では稀である。

生態[編集]

 src=
水面上を跳ねたキハダ

外洋の表層を群れで遊泳し、日本近海ではカツオなどと同様に季節的な南北の回遊を行う。好む水温は18-31℃で、マグロ属の中では本種とコシナガが最も高水温・表層に生息する。また、流木などの漂流物やイルカにつく習性もある。若魚はカツオやメバチと混群を作る。

産卵期は夏で、分離浮性卵を産卵する。マグロ類にしては成長が早く、1年で全長50 cm、2年で全長1 mに達し成熟する。寿命は8年生きたものが報告されている。

利用[編集]

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キハダのエスカベシュ(カルパッチョ)
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キハダのレアステーキ

食用に延縄、曳縄(トローリング)、巻き網などの遠洋漁業で漁獲される。南西諸島伊豆小笠原諸島では、イソマグロロウニンアジと同様に磯釣りや船釣りでも漁獲される。

21世紀初頭の時点では全世界のマグロ漁獲量は年間約200万t前後だが、このうちの約100万-140万tがキハダで占められ、マグロ類の中では最も漁獲量が多い。日本での流通量はメバチに次ぐ二番目である。台湾韓国からも輸入されている。

乱獲で個体数が減少しており、国際自然保護連合(IUCN)レッドリスト2011年版で準絶滅危惧(NT)と評価されている[1]。しかし成長が早いこともあり他のマグロ類よりは深刻な状況ではないとみられている。

身は頭のほうから尾に近い部分までほぼ均一の赤身で、脂肪が少なく締まっている。色は薄紅色で、クロマグロよりも淡い。世界的にはビンナガと共に缶詰ツナ缶)の材料として重要で、洋風料理ではステーキなどにもされる。日本では脂肪が少ない身質から西日本で珍重される。また、クロマグロの味が落ちる夏から秋にかけてキハダの漁獲量が増える。日本料理では刺身焼き魚唐揚げなどにされる。大分県郷土料理ひゅうが丼沖縄料理の厚い衣の天麩羅にも使われる。

ハワイではahiアヒ: Yellowfin tunaも参照)と呼ばれ、ポケ(ポキ)の食材として用いられる。

モルディブ料理でも一般的な食材で、茹でてツナと称したり、リハフォリ(Riha Folhi)と呼ばれるカレー風味のクレープ巻きにしたりする。

混獲問題[編集]

かつてはツナ缶の為の本種の漁獲に伴うマグロまき網漁におけるイルカの混獲問題[3]が起きており、これをアメリカの環境保護活動家や環境保護団体は問題視し、マグロ漁におけるイルカ捕殺に対処する為に1972年に海洋哺乳類保護法(: Marine Mammal Protection Act:MMPA)が施行され、様々な対策がとられ、アメリカ船への対策のみならず、イルカを混獲する漁法で捕られたマグロの輸入を禁じた[4]。その流れで中南米の漁業者も完全にイルカを当てにしない(巻き込まない)人工集魚装置(Fidh Aggregeting Devices:FADs)を使用したまき網漁業に転換したが、今度はFADsに本種やカツオ以外にメバチマグロの幼魚が混獲され、その資源の減少が心配されている[5]

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b Collette, B., Acero, A., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Canales Ramirez, C., Cardenas, G., Carpenter, K.E., Chang, S.-K., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Die, D., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Graves, J., Guzman-Mora, A., Viera Hazin, F.H., Hinton, M., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Montano Cruz, R., Masuti, E., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Restrepo, V., Salas, E., Schaefer, K., Schratwieser, J., Serra, R., Sun, C., Teixeira Lessa, R.P., Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E., Uozumi, Y. & Yanez, E. 2011. Thunnus albacares. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T21857A9327139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T21857A9327139.en. Downloaded on 24 November 2016.
  2. ^ 魚介類の名称表示等について(別表1)”. 水産庁. ^ 江藤 淳一:東太平洋のキハダマグロ漁におけるイルカ混獲問題] 東洋法学紀要論文,1995-03-10,東洋法学 38巻2号 p.217-248 ISSN 0564-0245
  3. ^ マイケル・ドナヒュー、アニー・ウィーラー、『イルカを救ういくつかの方法』( Save the dolphins, Michael Donoghue, Annie Wheeler, 水口博也 翻訳)pp122-134、講談社 ISBN 4062080125
  4. ^ 山下東子、『魚の経済学―市場メカニズムの活用で資源を護る』、pp155-157、2009年、日本評論社

参考文献[編集]

  • FishBase - Thunnus albacares(英語)
  • 本田崇・魚住雄二・熊井英水、「マグロはいつまで食べられるか」『Newton』2007年3月号、ニュートンプレス
  • 中村泉 ほか、岡村収 監修、『山渓カラー名鑑 日本の海水魚』、1997年、山と渓谷社、ISBN 4-635-09027-2
  • 藍澤正宏 ほか、『新装版 詳細図鑑 さかなの見分け方』、2002年、講談社 ISBN 4-06-211280-9
  • 檜山義夫監修、『野外観察図鑑4 魚』改訂版、1998年、旺文社 ISBN 4-01-072424-2
  • 永岡書店編集部、『釣った魚が必ずわかるカラー図鑑』、1998年、 永岡書店 ISBN 4-522-21372-7
  • 内田亨監修、『学生版 日本動物図鑑』、1981年、北隆館 ISBN 4-8326-0042-7

関連項目[編集]

  •  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、キハダに関するカテゴリがあります。

外部リンク[編集]

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wikipedia 日本語

キハダ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

キハダ(黄肌、木肌、学名 Thunnus albacares)は、スズキ目サバ科に分類される魚の一種。全世界の熱帯・亜熱帯海域に広く分布するマグロで、缶詰刺身などに用いられる重要な食用魚である。日本ではキハダマグロ(黄肌鮪、木肌鮪)とも呼ばれる。

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Description

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Schools in near-surface waters as well as below the thermoclime, with temperatures between 18° and 31°C, primarily by size, either in monospecific or multispecies groups. Larger fish frequently school with porpoises, also associated with floating debris and other objects. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and squids. It is sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen and therefore is often limited to depths of 100 m (Ref. 9340). Peak spawning occurs during the summer, in batches (Ref. 9684). Pole-and-line fishing is still one of the major surface fishing techniques while longlining fishing method is for deep swimming yellowfin tuna. Encirling nets are employed to catch schools near the surface (Ref. 9340). Marketed mainly frozen and canned (Ref. 9684), but also fresh (Ref. 9340) and smoked (Ref. 9987).

Reference

Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023).

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Edward Vanden Berghe [email]

Diet

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. It is sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen and therefore is not usually caught below 250 m in the tropics

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas, but absent from the Mediterranean Sea

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
An oceanic species occurring above and below the thermoclines. They school primarily by size, either in monospecific or multispecies groups. Larger fish frequently school with porpoises, also associated with floating debris and other objects.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Habitat

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nektonic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Known from seamounts and knolls

Reference

Stocks, K. 2009. Seamounts Online: an online information system for seamount biology. Version 2009-1. World Wide Web electronic publication.

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