Carangoides equula és un peix teleosti de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[2]
Pot arribar als 37,5 cm de llargària total.[3]
Es troba des de les costes del Golf d'Oman i de l'Àfrica Oriental fins al sud del Japó, Hawaii, el Mar d'Arafura, Austràlia, Nova Zelanda i l'Illa de Pasqua. També al sud-est de Sud-àfrica.[3]
The whitefin trevally (Carangoides equula), also known as the horse trevally, is a species of deep water offshore fish in the jack family Carangidae. The species inhabits the tropical to temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific and central Pacific, ranging from South Africa in the west to Hawaii in the east. The whitefin trevally is a moderate-sized fish, growing to 37 cm, and is distinguished by a number of morphological traits, including fin size, gill raker count, and colour. It inhabits the continental shelf and slope at depths to 200 m over sand and mud substrates, where it preys on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Studies in Japan indicate a length at sexual maturity of 17.4 cm on average, with spawning occurring between May and October, with each individual spawning multiple times. Whitefin trevallies are of high importance to fisheries in Japan, where they are taken by trawlers, although the catch numbers have halved since the 1980s. It is of minor importance elsewhere throughout its range, but is considered a good table fish.
The whitefin trevally is classified within the genus Carangoides, a group of fish commonly known as jacks and trevallies. Carangoides falls into the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, the Carangidae are part of the order Carangiformes.[3]
The species was first scientifically described by Dutch naturalists Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Hermann Schlegel in 1844 based on a specimen taken from the waters off Japan, which was designated to be the holotype.[4] They named the species Caranx equula, although the species was later moved to Carangoides, as well as having a new genus created for it, Kaiwarinus. This genus is currently considered invalid, though a 1988 review of the phylogeny of the Carangidae found it to be valid, and to be the sister genus to Pseudocaranx, not closely related to Carangoides. The species was independently renamed as Carangoides acutus in 1974, but this is rejected as a junior synonym under ICZN nomenclature rules.[2]
Specimens taken from Hawaii and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean initially had the name Caranx (Carangoides) dasson applied to them by the American ichthyologists Jordan and Snyder. This name was eventually synonymised with Carangoides equula, but uncertainty still remains whether this population actually represents a separate species or subspecies.[5] The Carangoides dasson population has the same diagnostic features as Carangoides equula, but exhibit more slender bodies and larger eyes, with William Vaniz-Smith indicating more research is required to determine the relationship between these populations. The name Caranx (Carangoides) dasson is still currently considered to be invalid by taxonomic authorities.[5]
The whitefin trevally is a relatively small fish, reaching a maximum known length of 37.5 cm. The species has a body shape similar to a number of other jacks, having a compressed, almost rhomboidal body, with the dorsal and ventral profiles approximately equally convex. The dorsal profiles of the snout and nape in the species are almost straight. Two separate dorsal fins are seen, with the first having seven spines, while the second consists of one spine and 23 to 25 soft rays. The first dorsal fin is moderately high, with the longest spine about as high as the soft dorsal-fin lobe is long, and is quite distinctive of the species.[5] The anal fin consists of two anteriorly detached spines followed by one spine and 21 to 24 soft rays, with the pelvic fin having one spine and 18 or 19 soft rays.[6] The lateral line has a moderately strong anterior arch with the junction of the curved and straight sections occurring vertically below the twelfth to fifteenth soft rays of the second dorsal fin. The curved segment of the lateral line is longer than the straight section, which contains no to six scales followed by 22 to 32 scutes.[5] The breast is entirely scaled, or has a very small naked area anteroventrally. Both jaws contain narrow bands of small teeth, with the outer teeth slightly larger. It has 27 to 32 gill rakers in total and 24 vertebrae.[6]
The whitefin trevally is silver, with a blue to green dorsal surface, becoming silvery white below. The soft dorsal and anal fins are dusky yellow basally, with the anterior rays of both having dark grey-brown median and white distal bands. The caudal fin is dusky yellow, while the pectoral and pelvic fins are white. Juveniles have between 5 and 7 dark bands vertically on their sides.[7]
The whitefin trevally is distributed throughout the tropical and temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific region, although in a very patchily recorded distribution.[2] In the western Indian Ocean, the species has only been recorded from South Africa, Somalia, and in the Gulf of Oman. In the eastern Indian Ocean, the species is known from northwestern Australia, and definitely extends its distribution into the Pacific as far as Okinawa.[2] If Carangoides dasson is synonymous with Carangoides equula, this extends the species distribution well into the Pacific, ranging to Hawaii and Easter Island. Before the species was recorded in Australia in 1988, the whitefin trevally was thought to only have an antitropical distribution.[7] The fish probably has a more continuous distribution than currently known, with lack of adequate sampling contributing its patchily known distribution.
The whitefin trevally is thought to primarily inhabit deep waters on the continental shelf and slope between 90 and 200 m deep over sandy and muddy substrates.[5] At least one record exists of the species in shallow inshore waters, where an individual was captured off a sandy beach on Japan, but was thought to be stray fish.[8] Two specimens were caught at the entrance of Durban Harbour, South Africa in December 2022, indicating that shoals travel into inshore waters of up to 20 metres.
The whitefin trevally is a benthic predator, taking a variety of small fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods,[7] either by foraging or chasing down its prey using its eyes which are extremely well adapted to the deep, low-light waters. Along with the white trevally, Pseudocaranx dentex, it is the only member of the Carangidae to have the anatomy of its eyes examined, with the study finding excellent dark-environment sight due to the presence of a tapetum.[9]
The maturation and reproduction of the whitefin trevally have been extensively studied off Japan due to the species' economic importance in this region. Sexual maturity is reached at a minimum length of 15.1 cm, although most individuals reach maturity at around 17.4 cm length and every individual is mature by 24 cm.[10] Although these parameters were calculated for female fish, observational data suggest the male life history is similar. In Japan, the species has a prolonged spawning season, from May to October, during which females spawn repeatedly, releasing between 13,862 and 79,899 eggs per batch.[10] The growth of males and females is very similar, and both have similar lifespans. A length of 7.5 cm is reached after the first year, and lengths of 12.3 cm, 16.0 cm and 18.8 cm after the second, third and fourth years, respectively.[11]
The whitefin trevally is a commercially important species in the waters off Japan, where it is known as kaiwari (カイワリ), and of minor importance elsewhere throughout its range.[5] For unknown reasons, the Japanese catch has decreased by half since the mid-1980s.[10] It is taken primarily by bottom trawls on the continental shelf and considered to be a good table fish.[5]
The whitefin trevally (Carangoides equula), also known as the horse trevally, is a species of deep water offshore fish in the jack family Carangidae. The species inhabits the tropical to temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific and central Pacific, ranging from South Africa in the west to Hawaii in the east. The whitefin trevally is a moderate-sized fish, growing to 37 cm, and is distinguished by a number of morphological traits, including fin size, gill raker count, and colour. It inhabits the continental shelf and slope at depths to 200 m over sand and mud substrates, where it preys on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Studies in Japan indicate a length at sexual maturity of 17.4 cm on average, with spawning occurring between May and October, with each individual spawning multiple times. Whitefin trevallies are of high importance to fisheries in Japan, where they are taken by trawlers, although the catch numbers have halved since the 1980s. It is of minor importance elsewhere throughout its range, but is considered a good table fish.
Carangoides equula es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 37,5 cm de longitud total.[1]
Se encuentra desde las costas del Golfo de Omán y del África Oriental hasta el sur del Japón, Hawái, el Mar de Arafura, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y la Isla de Pascua. También en el sureste de Sudáfrica.
Carangoides equula es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.
Carangoides equula Carangoides generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.
Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.
Carangoides equula Carangoides generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.
Carangoides equula is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van horsmakrelen (Carangidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1844 door Temminck & Schlegel.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
高体若鲹（学名：Caranx equula）为鲹科鲹属的鱼类。分布于南非、印度尼西亚、朝鲜、日本以及中国南海、台湾海峡、东海、黄海南部等海域。该物种的模式产地在日本。[1]
这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 
分類 界 : 動物界 Animalia 門 : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata 綱 : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii 目 : スズキ目 Perciformes 亜目 : スズキ亜目 Percoidei 科 : アジ科 Carangidae 属 : ヨロイアジ属 Carangoides 種 : カイワリ C. equula 学名 Carangoides equulaKaiwarinus equula
(Temminck et Schlegel, 1844)
カイワリ（貝割、学名 Carangoides equula ）は、スズキ目アジ科に属する海水魚の一種。インド太平洋の暖海域に分布するアジで、食用に漁獲される。
日本での地方名はヒラアジ（石川・関西・福岡・長崎）、シマアジ（京都・和歌山・愛媛）、メッキ（和歌山・長崎）、オキアジ（鳥取）等があるが、本種だけでなく類似種との混称で呼ばれる場合が多い。また鳥取の「オキアジ」はこれを標準和名とする別種のアジがいる[1][2][3]。
学名 Kaiwarinus equula はシノニムとされているが、こちらで表記された文献も多い[1][4][5]。
全長は20-30cmほどで、大型個体は40cm前後に達する。アジ類としては小型から中型の部類である。体高が高くて側扁し、全体の形は菱形、または楕円形である。第二背鰭と尻鰭に幅広い黒褐色の縦帯が1本あり、鰭の先端は白く縁取られる。体側を走る側線のカーブは大きく、第二背鰭の第15軟条下から直走する。直走部の稜鱗は他のアジ類と同様に上下にやや広く発達する。幼魚期には体側に6本の暗褐色の横帯があるが、成長すると消失し、背中は青色、体側から腹はほぼ一様な銀灰色になる。また口内には寄生性の等脚類シマアジノエが寄生していることが多い。
シマアジ、ギンガメアジ、カッポレ等の小型個体と混同されがちだが、本種は1mに迫るほどの大型にはならないこと、第二背鰭と臀鰭に縦帯があること、鰓蓋後縁上部に黒色斑紋が無いこと、側線の直走部が短いこと等で区別できる[2][3][4]。
インド太平洋の熱帯・温帯海域から南東太平洋のイースター島沿岸、大西洋のアフリカ南西部沿岸まで分布する[6]。日本近海では、太平洋側で宮城県、日本海側で能登半島以南に分布する[1][3][4]。
沿岸の浅場から水深200mまでの砂泥底に生息する。食性は肉食性で、海底の多毛類や小型甲殻類等を砂泥ごと漏斗状の口で吸い込んで捕食する。遊泳する小魚等の小動物も捕食する[4]。
日本近海での産卵期は9-11月で、分離浮遊卵を産卵する。幼魚は他の魚や大型のクラゲに寄り添って泳ぐ[4]。
日本近海では釣り、定置網、底引き網等の沿岸漁業で漁獲される。身は締まっているが脂も乗っており、刺身、煮魚、焼き魚、唐揚げ等様々な料理で食べられる[2][3]。人や地域によってはシマアジに匹敵するほど美味とされることもある。大型のものは高級魚として、小型のものは惣菜魚として扱われる。
カイワリ（貝割、学名 Carangoides equula ）は、スズキ目アジ科に属する海水魚の一種。インド太平洋の暖海域に分布するアジで、食用に漁獲される。
