dcsimg

Diagnostic Description

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Description: body ovoid; snout short and slightly rounded to pointed; frontal profile straight to slightly concave; caudal fin rounded (Ref. 52307). Coloration: body light to medium brown, dorsum slightly darker; dark spots almost always present on flanks and caudal peduncle; centrally located lateral spot relatively large, round and often surrounded by a lighter zone; some specimens with iridiophores all over body and fins, but fully absent in others; caudal and anal fins yellowish to brownish, pale reddish at their base; dorsal and caudal fins often with a red margin; pelvic fins with a reddish to violet anterior edge; dark vertical bars sometimes appear on flanks (e.g. when stressed); bright red across the entire body when dominant, except for the lighter colored zone surrounding the lateral spot (when visible); yellow lateral stripe sometimes apparent, from posterior edge of opercle to caudal peduncle; dorsal and caudal fins either bright red or yellow with red margins (Ref. 52307).
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Biology

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Savannah associated species which prospers in a range of lentic habitats (Ref. 5644, 52307), tolerant of a wide range of water quality parameters and found inboth very soft waters and highly saline ones (Ref. 52307), including brackish water lagoons, large lakes and riverine flood plains (Ref. 5644). Occurs near vegetation beds and fringes. Feeds on Caridina and insects. Pair-bonding (Ref. 52307) substrate spawner (Ref. 28714, 52307), ripe and spent fish are common early in the flood season (Ref. 28714).
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Importance

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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 11,9 cm de longitud total.[3]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a Àfrica: des del riu Nil fins al Senegal i des de l'Àfrica del Nord fins a Costa d'Ivori.[3]

Referències

  1. Peters, W. (C. H.) 1857. [Neue Gattung von Chromiden.]. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlín, 1857: 403.
  2. BioLib (anglès)
  3. 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Axelrod, H. R., 1993. The most complete colored lexicon of cichlids. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City (Estats Units).
  • Daget, J. i G.G. Teugels 1991. Hemichromis. p. 187-194. A: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa, CLOFFA, ISNB, Brussel·les, Bèlgica; MRAC, Tervuren; i ORSTOM, París. Vol. 4.
  • Goldstein, R.J.: Cichlids of the world.T.F.H. Publications Inc. Neptune City, Nova Jersey, Estats Units. Any 1988.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Römer U.: Cichliden Atlas, Bd. 1. Melle. 1311 p. Any 1998.
  • Teugels, G.G. i D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde, 1992. Cichlidae. p. 714-779. A: C. Levêque, D. Paugy i G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Volum 2. Coll. Faune Tropicale núm 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Flandes i O.R.S.T.O.M., París, 902 p.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


Enllaços externs

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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi és una espècie de peix de la família dels cíclids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch ( German )

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Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch (Hemichromis letourneauxi) ist eine kleine afrikanische Buntbarschart, die im nördlichen und westlichen Afrika verbreitet ist. Sie kommt im Nil (Ägypten und Sudan), in Algerien, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, der Elfenbeinküste, Ghana, in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik und möglicherweise auch in den Staaten dazwischen vor.[1][2]

Beschreibung

Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch wird maximal 12 cm lang und hat einen ovalen, hell- bis mittelbraun gefärbten Körper. Der Rücken ist etwas dunkler. Das Kopfprofil ist gerade, bei älteren Exemplaren aber über der Stirn leicht eingebuchtet. Ein größerer dunkler und von einem hellen Hof umgebener großer Fleck auf jeder Körperseite und ein kleinerer Fleck auf jeder Seite der Schwanzwurzel sind deutlich ausgebildet. Bläulich irisierende Flecke können auf dem ganzen Körper vorhanden sein oder auch völlig fehlen. Die Rückenflosse besitzt einen roten Rand, bei der Schwanzflosse ist die obere Kante rot. Die Lippen sind kräftig rot gefärbt. Bei den Bauchflossen sind die ersten Strahlen rötlich. Dominante Tiere bekommen am ganzen Körper eine intensiv rötliche Farbe während gestresste Tiere auf den Seiten dunkle Querbänder zeigen.[2]

Lebensweise

Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch lebt in den Gewässern offener Landschaften, z. B. von Savannen, ist hinsichtlich der Wasserwerte ausgesprochen tolerant und pflanzt sich auch in Resttümpeln mit einem Durchmesser von einem halben Meter, einer Wassertiefe von 10 cm und einer Wassertemperatur von 34 °C noch fort.[2] Die Art kommt sowohl in weichem Wasser als auch in Gewässern mit höherer Salinität vor. Die Fische halten sich vor allem in Ufernähe zwischen Wasserpflanzen auf und ernähren sich von Insekten und Garnelen (Caridina).[1] Letourneux Roter Buntbarsch ist ein Offenbrüter und bildet eine Mann-Mutter-Familie, bei der das Weibchen die Brutpflege weitgehend allein ausübt, während das Männchen das Revier verteidigt.[2]

Von Aquarianern ist Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch in andere Länder ausgesetzt worden und heute kommen Bestände der Art in Florida, auf der Hawaiiinsel Oahu und auf der Karibikinsel Puerto Rico vor.[4] Außerdem kommt eine vom Menschen ausgesetzte Hemichromis-Art in einem von den Warmbader Quellen gespeisten Bach bei Villach (Österreich) ausgesetzt und hat dort eine sich fortpflanzende Population gebildet. Sie wurde durch den österreichischen Ichthyologen Anton Lamboj als Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch bestimmt.[5]

Systematik

Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch wurde im Jahr 1880 durch den französischen Ichthyologen Henri-Émile Sauvage erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben und nach Letourneaux, einem französischen Fischsammler benannt. Er wurde gleich in die Gattung Hemichromis gestellt und gehört dort zur Gruppe der „Roten Cichliden“. Hemichromis exsul aus dem Turkanasee wird von Paul Loiselle und Lamboj[2] als Synonymbeschreibung von Hemichromis letourneauxi aufgefasst, gilt heute aber meist als eigenständige Art.[6][7] Umstritten ist nach wie vor Hemichromis saharae aus der Nähe von Touggourt in der algerischen Sahara, bei Lamboj[2] und im Catalog of Fishes[8] ein Synonym von Hemichromis letourneauxi, bei Fishbase dagegen eine valide Art.[9]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Hemichromis letourneauxi auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
  2. a b c d e f Anton Lamboj: Die Cichliden des westlichen Afrikas. Verlag: Natur und Tier, 2006, ISBN 386-659000-8, Seiten 113–115.
  3. a b Günther Sterba: Süsswasserfische der Welt, Urania-Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4, Seite 762.
  4. Invasive Species Compendium Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish)
  5. Jürgen Petutschnig, Wolfgang Honsig-Erlenburg, Reinhard Pekny: Zum aktuellen Flusskrebs- und Fischvorkommen des Warmbaches in Villach. Carinthia II, 198./118. Jahrgang, Klagenfurt 2008, S. 95–102 (zobodat.at [PDF]).
  6. Hemichromis exsul auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
  7. Hemichromis exsul im Catalog of Fishes (englisch)
  8. Hemichromis saharae im Catalog of Fishes (englisch)
  9. Hemichromis saharae auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
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Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch: Brief Summary ( German )

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Letourneux’ Roter Buntbarsch (Hemichromis letourneauxi) ist eine kleine afrikanische Buntbarschart, die im nördlichen und westlichen Afrika verbreitet ist. Sie kommt im Nil (Ägypten und Sudan), in Algerien, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, der Elfenbeinküste, Ghana, in der Zentralafrikanischen Republik und möglicherweise auch in den Staaten dazwischen vor.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi

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Hemichromis letourneuxi is a species of cichlid which is native to West Africa and is popular in the aquarium hobby and it has been introduced to the Caribbean and the south-east United States where it is invasive.

Description

Hemichromis letourneuxi is a small species of fish that has quite a long, thin body and a rounded tail and which has 13–15 spines in the dorsal fin and 3 in the anal fin. It has a highly variable background colour to the body which may be green-yellow to red-brown or even almost black, this colouration is dependent on various factors such as the sex of the fish, the season, the nature of the fish's habitat and stress. Breeding males may develop red colouration over the gills and underside. Both sexes have a limited amount of small, brilliant blue iridescent spots on the head, body, and fins and these may be more obvious in breeding adults. It has a dark black spot situated above the lateral line on the flanks and smaller blotches on gill covers and base of the tail. They can reach a standard length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) although it is normally a lot smaller and 7 centimetres (2.8 in) is more usual.[2]

Distribution

Hemichromis letourneuxi is found across the northern half of Africa from the River Nile[3] and has been recorded in the Gambia River and Senegal River as well as oases in Algeria.[2] It has been recorded as an introduced species in the Philippines, Hawaii, Europe and Puerto Rico, as well as in Florida. It is only known to have been established in Florida and Puerto Rico,[4] while in other areas they do not seem to have become established or have been misidentified.[2] In Florida they were introduced prior to 1965 and was introduced via the aquarium trade, either by releases or by escapes. They were originally confined to the Miami Canal but have begun to spread northwards and westwards, their wide habitat tolerance aiding their dispersal.[4]

Habitat and biology

Hemichromis letourneuxi is a species found in the savannah zone and it is known to thrive in a variety of still freshwater habitats and it is able to tolerate a wide range of water types from very soft waters through to highly saline waterbodies. It has been recorded from brackish lagoons, large lakes and riverine flood plains. It prefers to live near vegetation beds and the margins of larger areas of aquatic habitats.[3] Within its introduced range this habitat tolerance has allowed it to spread and it can be found in estuaries and other coastal waters adjacent to the freshwater habitats it occurs in.[2][4]

The fish of the genus Hemichromis are monogamous, biparental, substrate spawners that demonstrate advanced parental care of their offspring. Congeners of H. letourneuxi, H. bimaculatus and H. lifalili have had their breeding behaviour studied in aquaria and it is thought to typical of the genus. The male and female form monogamous pairs which are thought to last for the whole of the fishes' lives. When breeding the colours of both sexes become more intense and they choose a spawning site, normally a flat rock. The male will then chase the females, quite vigorously, to induce her to spawn. Spawning is similar to many other cichlids, the female lays a line of eggs and the male fertilises them. The female may lay up to 600 eggs and the male defends the spawning site as the female looks after the eggs. After around 72 hours the eggs hatch and the fry are shifted into a shallow depression in the substrate close to the spawning site. The fry are able to swim freely after 24 hours but the parents will care for them for some time after that. It has been suggested that reproductive activity in Africa coincides with the onset of the flood season.[2]

Studies on the diet of H. letourneuxi have shown that it is an omnivore but that it mainly eats larger invertebrates and small fish, including smaller specimens of its own species and other cichlids. Algae and other plant material has also been found in the stomachs of this species.[2] In Florida this species is preyed upon by the Florida green watersnake as well as by the fishes common snook, Florida gar, Largemouth bass, longnose gar and bowfin.[2] In the Senegal River the gills of this species were found to be parasitized by the monogenean Cichlidogyrus dracolemma.[2]

Etymology

The specific name of this fish honours the collector of the type, the botanist Aristide-Horace Letourneux (1820-1890).[5]

References

  1. ^ Diallo, I. (2020). "Hemichromis letourneuxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T182783A134776569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T182783A134776569.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish)". CABI International. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Hemichromis letourneuxi" in FishBase. October 2018 version.
  4. ^ a b c "Hemichromis letourneuxi (African Jewelfish)". Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  5. ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara (4 December 2018). "Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (h-k)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary

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Hemichromis letourneuxi is a species of cichlid which is native to West Africa and is popular in the aquarium hobby and it has been introduced to the Caribbean and the south-east United States where it is invasive.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 11,9 cm de longitud total.[1]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentran en África: desde el río Nilo hasta Senegal y desde África del Norte hasta Costa de Marfil.

Referencias

  1. «FishBase» (en inglés).

Bibliografía

  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi es una especie de peces de la familia Cichlidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Basque )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi Hemichromis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez) FishBase

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi Hemichromis generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Actinopterygii klasean sailkatzen da, Cichlidae familian.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Italian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi Sauvage, 1880 è un pesce di acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Cichlidae ed alla sottofamiglia Pseudocrenilabrinae.

Descrizione

Il corpo è compresso lateralmente, piuttosto allungato. La colorazione è abbastanza sgargiante: il corpo è coperto di diverse macchie azzurrine, mentre il colore di base è arancione con possibili sfumature più pallide nella femmina[2]. Le pinne sono dello stesso colore del corpo e coperte di macchioline azzurre, la pinna caudale ha una forma arrotondata. Sull'opercolo ed al centro del corpo ci sono delle macchie nere piuttosto ampie. Di solito questa specie non supera i 12 cm[3].

Distribuzione e habitat

È una specie di acqua dolce diffusa lungo il corso del Nilo, dal Sudan sino all'Egitto.[1] A causa del fatto che è stato frequentemente esportato per l'acquariofilia ed a volte rilasciato nei fiumi, è diffuso anche in Florida[4].

Acquariofilia

Come molti Ciclidi, questo pesce presenta un'aggressività soprattutto intraspecifica[5].

Non va tenuto con gamberetti di acquario come caridine e neocaridine, perché se ne nutrirebbe[6]. Va inoltre ricordato che tende a scavare nel substrato.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Azeroual, A. & Getahun, A. 2010, Hemichromis letourneuxi, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ Jewel Fish (Hemichromis letourneuxi), in Fishforpets.com. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2013.
  3. ^ Hemichromis letourneuxi, in FishBase. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2013.
  4. ^ Hemichromis letourneuxi, in NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (USGS). URL consultato il 16 settembre 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 marzo 2016).
  5. ^ Hemichromis letourneuxi , in www.cichlidae.us. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2013.
  6. ^ Hemichromis letourneuxi, in Encyclopedia of Life. URL consultato il 16 settembre 2013.

Bibliografia

  • Linke H., Staeck W., Ciclidi africani vol.1: Ciclidi dell'Africa occidentale, Tetra.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Hemichromis letourneuxi Sauvage, 1880 è un pesce di acqua dolce appartenente alla famiglia Cichlidae ed alla sottofamiglia Pseudocrenilabrinae.

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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Hemichromis letourneuxi is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van cichliden (Cichlidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1880 door Sauvage.

De soort staat op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN als niet bedreigd, beoordelingsjaar 2009.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. a b (en) Hemichromis letourneuxi op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Hemichromis letourneuxi. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 10 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
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Hemichromis letourneuxi ( Polish )

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Hemichromis letourneauxi – słodkowodna ryba z rodziny pielęgnicowatych. Bywa hodowana w akwariach. Z wyglądu jest podobna do Hemichromis bimaculatusczerwieniaka dwuplamego.

Występowanie

Afryka Północna, dorzecze Nilu

Opis

Długość ok. 12 cm.

Warunki w akwarium

Zalecane warunki w akwarium Zbiornik średni lub duży Temperatura wody 22 – 25 °C Twardość wody do 15°n Skala pH 7,0 Pokarm żywy, płatkowany, mrożony

Przypisy

  1. Hemichromis letourneauxi, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Hemichromis letourneauxi. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).

Zobacz też

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Hemichromis letourneuxi: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Hemichromis letourneauxi – słodkowodna ryba z rodziny pielęgnicowatych. Bywa hodowana w akwariach. Z wyglądu jest podobna do Hemichromis bimaculatus – czerwieniaka dwuplamego.

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萊氏伴麗魚 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Hemichromis letourneuxi
Sauvage, 1880

萊氏伴麗魚,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一,分布於非洲北部至塞內加爾的淡水、半鹹水流域,體長可達11.9公分,棲息在植被生長的平原溪流、湖泊、沼澤、潟湖等水域,能忍受鹽度變化,屬肉食性,具有侵略性,成魚會守護巢及仔魚。

参考文献

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萊氏伴麗魚: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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萊氏伴麗魚,為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目隆頭魚亞目慈鯛科的其中一,分布於非洲北部至塞內加爾的淡水、半鹹水流域,體長可達11.9公分,棲息在植被生長的平原溪流、湖泊、沼澤、潟湖等水域,能忍受鹽度變化,屬肉食性,具有侵略性,成魚會守護巢及仔魚。

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