Recorded infections in Connecticut of Epitheliocystis Bacterial Diseases are the only listed diseases affecting white perch.
Predation usually occurs within the embryonic and larval stages, but is not uncommon in the juvenile stage. It is less common in the adult stage. Of the recognized predators, Morone saxatilis (striped bass), Sander vitreus (walleye), Pomatomus saltatrix (bluefish), and Cynoscion regalis (weakfish) prey mainly on juveniles and adults. Morone americana (white perch), Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), and Cyclops bicuspidatus (a copepod), are mainly larval and egg predators.
Because of the low degree of predation on adults, white perch do not show strong camouflage or avoidance techniques. The adaptation that appears most important is the large number of eggs produced during spawning.
Known Predators:
Species in the genus Morone are generally deep bodied fishes with complete lateral lines, ctenoid scales, and an opercular spine. Their jaws contain conical, villiform teeth which are set close together. The pelvic fin contains 1 spine and 5 rays, the caudal fin has 17 principal rays, and there are 7 branchiostegal rays, 3 anal spines, and 2 dorsal fins, one with 9 spines and the other with 1 spine and 10-14 soft rays. Morone americana has a silvery green-gray or dark color above with silver or brass sides and a white underside. During spawning the underside of the mandible may be a pink or blue to purplish color. Often the caudal and pelvic fins have a reddish colored base. The body is oblong and dorsoventrally compressed with a depressed head, and a pointed nose with an oblique terminal mouth and a projecting jaw. Teeth are small, pointed, and banded on the jaw. The dorsal fins are hardly connected and about equivalent in length. Morone americana differs from other members of the genus by the dorsal fin connection being so slight, by having no teeth on the base of the tongue and no lateral stripes, by and the anal spines being ungraduated.
Range length: 495 (high) mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Average mass: 1210 g.
Little is known about the lifespan of M. americana. However, closely related species such as river perch, european perch, and largemouth bass live up to 15 to 25 years.
Average lifespan
Status: wild: 16.0 years.
Morone americana inhabits mainly brackish water and estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay. Members of the same genus (Morone) reside in large bodies of water such as lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, or bays among others.
Average depth: 10 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; coastal ; brackish water
Wetlands: marsh
Other Habitat Features: estuarine
Morone americana (white perch) is found along the Atlantic coast area of the Nearctic region, ranging from the coastal areas of New Jersey as far south as South Carolina. The species has been introduced into inland bodies of water in New England and some of Nebraska’s waters as well as Lakes Ontario and Erie.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Introduced , Native )
White perch are primarily piscivorous, feeding on other fish such as those in the families Cyprinidae and Osmeridae. Other major components of the diet of M. americana are fish eggs and larvae, annelids, insects, some crustaceans, and detritus.
Larval white perch feed off of zooplankton. As they grow, they tend to eat larger zooplankton and insects in spring, and as these populations wane their diet switches to larval fish, eggs, detritus, and crustaceans, and in some areas shrimp, squid, and crabs. Once white perch grow to 22 cm they eat almost nothing but other fish.
Animal Foods: fish; eggs; insects; mollusks; aquatic or marine worms; aquatic crustaceans; zooplankton
Other Foods: detritus
Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore )
As an important predator on a large number of species and an important prey species of some fish, copepods and terrestrial vertebrates, white perch fill many roles within their environment depending on age, size, competition, and season. They occupy different depths and are opportunistic feeders.
These fish have become a favorite food source for humans. White perch are important both commercially and as a popular sport fish. The commercial industry is strongest from Massachusetts to North Carolina, being the most popular in the Chesapeake Bay area. No commercial fishing takes place in the northern and southern-most edges of their range. White perch harvest is accomplished by trawl, haul seines, and drift gill nets, and occurs all year, with the best results during the spring. In 1979, Maryland had the greatest harvest during a single year, yielding 563 metric tons of perch.
Sport fishing is popular in both marine and fresh waters throughout the species' range except in the gulf of Maine. Marine populations are most heavily utilized in Mid-Atlantic States, and an estimated 5,494,000 fish were caught by recreational fisherman in 1979. Freshwater sport fishing of white perch is most common in the northern portion of its range, where in 1979 Maine had an estimated catch of 60,175,000 and New Hampshire 664,000.
Positive Impacts: food
As invasive piscivores, white perch have been implicated in changes to some Great Lakes fisheries, such as white bass and walleye.
White perch development consists of four stages: embryonic, larval, juvenile, and adult. The embryonic stage is short and begins directly after fertilization. The young develop within a mature egg for 30 to 108 hours depending upon water temperature, where warmer water reduces the incubation period.
The larval stage begins at hatching and is divided into two stages: prolarval and postlarval. Upon hatching, prolarvae measure 1.7 to 3.0 mm in length, and stay in the place they were spawned for 4 to 13 days. They lack pigmentation in the eyes and are not very mobile. Later in the prolarval stage, larvae grow to 3 to 4 mm and begin to swim up or down in the water column, resulting in dispersal due to water currents. Older and larger individuals seek deeper waters. Prolarvae move into the postlarval stage when they develop mouths and coloration in the eyes, and average 3.8 mm in length. Postlarvae continue to grow and develop but are sensitive to temperature fluctuations and water salinity up to 3 to 5 ppt.
When larvae produce fins and grow to total lengths of 7 to 9 mm, they are dubbed juveniles. Juveniles stay close to shore and use creeks and rivers as nurseries. They prefer demersal habitats, living in muddy and silty waters containing aquatic plants. They may stay in these areas for up to a year and reach lengths of 20 to 30 mm, but remain reproductively immature until 2 to 4 years of age, when males are 72 to 80 mm long and females 90 to 98 mm.
Growth rate and size are determined by several external limiting factors such as temperature, precipitation, food availability, and competition. The most growth occurs during the first year of life, and it is then that external factors are most influential. White perch grow slowly and are often stunted when population densities are high. It is also a common trend for warmer water with less rainfall to produce faster growing individuals.
The lack of habitat restrictions, diversity of food sources, high fecundity rates, and generalist behavior white perch exhibit give them a competitive edge over many other species. They easily colonize new areas and utilize the available food sources better than native populations. Therefore, a need to has never arisen to protect M. americana. The species has no special conservation status, and its populations are doing quite well.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There is little information available on communication in M. Americana. It is able to perceive its environment using vision, hearing, chemoreception and detection of vibrations by the lateral line system.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
Morone americana is polyandrous, without mate guarding or displays of dominance. A ripe female is merely enveloped by a group of males. The sperm and eggs are released at random into the environment, where the eggs stick to one another and to the substrate, and sperm from various males fertilize them.
Mating System: polyandrous
White Perch are anadromous fish which spawn once yearly. They prefer freshwater bodies but are fairly diverse in spawning habitat. They can reproduce in water with salinity levels as high as 4.2 ppt, in tidal or non tidal, clear or murky, slow moving or fast waters. The lack of a need for specialized breeding habitat allows them to reproduce in almost any water system, from lakes and ponds to estuaries or rivers. Spawning always occurs in water less than 7.01 m deep. Individuals tend to spawn in estuarine waters 0.91 m to 6.10 m deep, lake waters up to 1.52 m deep, and in marshes up to 3.66 m deep.
Diversity of breeding habitat allows many M. americana to spawn in the same waters they normally inhabit. However, some populations travel up to 104.61 Km to spawn, and all marine populations must migrate to waters within the proper salinity constraints. Spawning behavior is triggered by temperature fluctuations in early spring. Populations can be split into four major periods of spawning. The Northern populations spawn from March to early April, while the Southern are later. Estuarine populations spawn from May through July, and freshwater populations from April to May.
During spawning there may be two or three different periods of ripe egg release, generally at dusk or after rain. Fecundity for small females (151 to 160 mm fork length) averages 21,180 eggs per individual, and for larger females (241 to 250 mm fork length) 234,342 eggs. At release, the eggs adhere to the substrate or can stick to each other and be free-floating. After the eggs reach maturity they hatch at different intervals determined by water temperature; at 20˚ C they hatch in 30 hrs, at 18˚C hatch within 50 hrs, and at 15˚ C between 96 and 108 hrs. The hatcheries are not gaurded and larvae are independant upon hatching.
Breeding interval: White perch spawn one time per year.
Breeding season: White perch spawn between March and July.
Range gestation period: 30 to 108 hours.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 to 4 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 to 3 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); broadcast (group) spawning; oviparous
Adults do not guard eggs and no parental care is provided for the larvae. The largest energy expenditure in reproduction occurs if an individual migrates to spawn.
Parental Investment: no parental involvement
Morone americana és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels morònids.[5]
La femella pon els ous (els quals s'adhereixen entre si i amb el fons) i són fertilitzats per l'esperma del mascle de forma aleatòria dins de l'aigua. Els progenitors no protegeixen ni els ous ni les larves després de la posta.[11][12] Al llac Erie ha aconseguit produir híbrids amb Morone chrysops.[13]
Les larves es nodreixen de zooplàncton i, a mesura que creixen, tendeixen progressivament a menjar preses més grosses (com ara, insectes durant la primavera, larves de peixos, ous,[14] detritus, crustacis, etc., i en alguns altres indrets també gambetes, calamars i crancs). Una vegada ha assolit els 22 cm de llargària només s'alimentarà d'altres peixos.[11][15][16][17]
És depredat per Morone americana (el canibalisme hi és present), Morone saxatilis, Stizostedion vitreum,[18] el tallahams (Pomatomus saltator), Cynoscion regalis, Lepomis macrochirus i Cyclops bicuspidatus.[19][20]
És un peix d'aigua dolça, marina i salabrosa, anàdrom, demersal i de clima temperat (47°N-32°N, 79°W-57°W).[9][21]
Es troba a Nord-amèrica: des de les conques del riu Sant Llorenç i del llac Ontàrio fins al riu Peedee (Carolina del Sud, els Estats Units).[9][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
És apreciat entre els afeccionats a la pesca esportiva i forma part de l'alimentació humana. A Nord-amèrica, la indústria pesquera a l'entorn d'aquesta espècie es concentra des de Massachusetts fins a Carolina del Nord, essent-ne l'epicentre la badia de Chesapeake. La pesca té lloc durant tot l'any i les millors captures es produeixen durant la primavera.[11]
És inofensiu per als humans i la seua esperança de vida és de 16 anys.[36][37][9]
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".
The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).[3]
Generally silvery-white in color, hence the name, depending upon habitat and size specimens have begun to develop a darker shade near the dorsal fin and along the top of the fish. This sometimes earns them the nickname "black-back". White perch have been reported up to 49.5 cm (19.5 in) in length and weighing 2.2 kg (4.9 lb).
Although favoring brackish waters, it is also found in fresh water and coastal areas from the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario south to the Pee Dee River in South Carolina, and as far east as Nova Scotia. They are also found in the lower Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, Long Island Sound and nearby coastal areas, Hudson and Mohawk River system, Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. It is also found occasionally in small land-locked lakes and ponds. The raw meat is of a somewhat pinkish hue, but when cooked, it is white and flaky. At times, a parasite known as Lironeca ovalis is located in the gills. Its presence is believed to reduce the growth rate of white perch.[4]
White perch are known to eat the eggs of many species native to the Great Lakes, such as walleye and other true perches. At times, fish eggs are 100% of their diet. They prefer to eat small minnows like mud minnows and fathead minnows. In the Chesapeake Bay, white perch commonly prey upon grass shrimp, razor clams, and bloodworms which are all common to the region.
White perch are a prolific species. The female can deposit over 150,000 eggs in a spawning session, lasting just over a week. Several males will often attend a spawning female, and each may fertilize a portion of her eggs. The young hatch within one to six days of fertilization.
The white perch is currently recovering from a loss of population in the Hudson River.[5]
Some states consider the white perch to be a nuisance species due to its ability to destroy fisheries. They have been associated with the declines in both walleye and white bass populations because they feed heavily on baitfish used by those species and outcompete them for food and space.[6] Many states have enacted laws forbidding possession of live white perch. Additionally, these states recommend not releasing captured white perch back into the water to help control its spread. [7]
The white perch (Morone americana) is not a true perch but is a fish of the temperate bass family, Moronidae, notable as a food and game fish in eastern North America. In some places it is referred to as "Silver Bass".
The common name "white perch" is sometimes applied to the white crappie (Pomoxis annularis).
Generally silvery-white in color, hence the name, depending upon habitat and size specimens have begun to develop a darker shade near the dorsal fin and along the top of the fish. This sometimes earns them the nickname "black-back". White perch have been reported up to 49.5 cm (19.5 in) in length and weighing 2.2 kg (4.9 lb).
Although favoring brackish waters, it is also found in fresh water and coastal areas from the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario south to the Pee Dee River in South Carolina, and as far east as Nova Scotia. They are also found in the lower Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, Long Island Sound and nearby coastal areas, Hudson and Mohawk River system, Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. It is also found occasionally in small land-locked lakes and ponds. The raw meat is of a somewhat pinkish hue, but when cooked, it is white and flaky. At times, a parasite known as Lironeca ovalis is located in the gills. Its presence is believed to reduce the growth rate of white perch.
Amerikanbassi[2] (Morone americana) on bassien heimoon kuuluva kalalaji.[3] Johann Friedrich Gmelin kuvasi lajin ensimmäisenä vuonna 1789.[4][5][6]
Amerikanbassin kyljet ovat hopeiset. Rintaevät ovat oranssiset. Muut evät sekä pyrstö ovat tummanharmaat. Silmä on haaleankeltainen. Laji on yleensä noin 13 senttimetrin mittainen. Suurin tavattu yksilö oli pituudeltaan 58 senttimetriä ja painoi 2,2 kilogrammaa. Amerikanbassi voi elää jopa lähes 20 vuoden ikäiseksi.[4][7][8]
Laji esiintyy nimensä mukaisesti ainoastaan Pohjois-Amerikassa Kanadassa ja Yhdysvalloissa.[9] Amerikanbassi on pohjakala. Se elää meri- murto- ja makeassa vedessä.[4] Lajin uhanalaisuusluokitus on Kansainvälisen luonnonsuojeluliiton mukaan elinvoimainen.[10] Amerikanbassi elää 10 metrin keskisyvyydessä.[11]
Amerikanbassi (Morone americana) on bassien heimoon kuuluva kalalaji. Johann Friedrich Gmelin kuvasi lajin ensimmäisenä vuonna 1789.
Le baret, perche blanche, bar-perche ou petit bar (Morone americana) est une espèce de poissons pélagiques de la famille des Moronidés, originaire des eaux douces et saumâtres de la côte atlantique de l’Amérique du Nord.
Ressemblant beaucoup à son proche parent le bar rayé, le baret est légèrement plus petit, atteignant généralement des longueurs situées entre 20 et 25 cm, et une masse d'environ 250 g. (Fuller et al. 2006) Les écailles sont larges et réparties sur 46-51 rangées latérales, couvrant un corps relativement large ainsi que les côtés de la tête et la région inter-orbitale.
Autre différence, la bouche est plus petite que celle du bar rayé, avec la mâchoire inférieure proéminente, et il n’y a pas d’espace entre les deux nageoires dorsales (elles sont seulement séparées par une profonde dépression).
La partie supérieure varie entre le vert olive, le gris-vert foncé, ou le gris argenté foncé. Sur les flancs, les couleurs deviennent plus pâles, variant du vert olive pâle au vert argenté. La partie ventrale est généralement de couleur blanche, argentée. Chez les plus gros individus, la tête montre souvent des reflets bleutés. La base des nageoires pelviennes et anales est parfois de couleur rose/rouge. (Bigelow and Schroeder, 1953)
La chair du Morone Americana est blanche, de texture farineuse, et délicieuse pour les amateurs de poissons. Le bar-perche possède donc une importance au niveau de la pêche commerciale et sportive.
Concernant la pêche commerciale, elle s’effectue surtout au niveau des côtes américaines ainsi que de la région des Grands Lacs, et les meilleurs résultats se produisent au printemps. Cependant, les stocks ont énormément diminué au cours des années 1970, ralentissant ainsi les activités commerciales. (Scott et Scott, 1988)
Au niveau de la pêche sportive, elle se pratique autant en milieu marin qu’en milieu d’eau douce, et on la retrouve principalement dans les régions situées au nord de la zone de distribution (Québec et provinces maritimes canadiennes). (University of Michigan, 2008)
Le baret (Morone americana) est un poisson semi-anadrome, c’est-à-dire qu’il réside généralement dans les eaux saumâtres comme des estuaires et remonte en amont des fleuves et des rivières vers des eaux plus douces pour aller se reproduire (McGrath 2005). On peut donc retrouver le baret dans des eaux de différentes salinités, allant de 0 à 30 ‰ (St-Hilaire et al. 2002). Il tolère également une large gamme de température se situant entre 2 et 32,4 °C (Stanley et Danie 1983).
On retrouve le baret dans plusieurs écosystèmes côtiers, d’eau douce et estuariens de la côte atlantique de l’Amérique du Nord, la limite nord de distribution naturelle étant le sud du golfe du St-Laurent (Nouveau-Brunswick, Nouvelle-Écosse, l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard, estuaire du Saint-Laurent) alors que la limite sud est le fleuve Pee Dee en Caroline du Sud (Fuller et al. 2006). On retrouve les plus grandes populations dans les eaux côtières du New Jersey, du Delaware, du Maryland, de la Virginie ainsi que dans la Baie de Chesapeake (Mansueti, 1964 ; Stanley et Danie, 1983). Le baret est un poisson assez sédentaire qui n’effectue pas de grande migration. En général il passe la majeure partie de son existence dans la même portion de cours d’eau ou d’estuaire. Les populations marines peuvent cependant faire de plus long déplacements pour rejoindre l’eau douce (Stanley et Danie 1983; Kraus et Secor 2004).
Il faut cependant mentionner que cette espèce a rejoint et envahi le système des Grands Lacs vers 1950. C’est à partir du fleuve Hudson que le baret serait arrivé jusqu’au lac Ontario vers 1946. En effet, l’espèce aurait remonté le canal Érié pour rejoindre la rivière Oswego qui se jette dans le lac Ontario (Scott et Christie, 1963). Aujourd’hui le baret est devenu une espèce très commune dans le bassin des Grands lacs et dans plusieurs états américains où dans certains cas il a été introduit volontairement pour la pêche sportive (Fuller et al. 2006). À cause de sa prolifération rapide, le baret est considéré comme une espèce envahissante dans certains états américains. De plus, le fait que le baret ait atteint les Grands Lacs a eu comme conséquence de mettre le baret en sympatrie avec un proche parent, le bar blanc (Morone chrysops), une espèce indigène. Ceci a permis un croisement interspécifique qui a engendré un hybride capable de se reproduire et par rétrocroisement avec les parents, ce qui pourrait nuire et diluer le pool génétique des deux espèces (Todd 1986; Fuller et al. 2006).
Le baret est une espèce qui a un régime alimentaire qu’on peut qualifier de généraliste. En effet, les différentes études portant sur le régime alimentaire du baret ont montré que selon la période de l’année, la disponibilité des proies, l’endroit et l’âge des individus, le régime peut varier considérablement. Les organismes les plus consommés par les larves de baret seraient des petits crustacés, surtout des cladocères et des copépodes (Limburg et al. 1997). Lorsque les larves atteignent le stade juvénile elles mangent moins de zooplancton pour ingurgiter plus de benthos et d’insectes. Plus les individus grandissent et plus leur régime alimentaire tend à se diversifier en incorporant des poissons (bar rayé, doré) et de plus gros crustacés (mysides, crevettes des sables) (St-Hilaire et al. 2002). D’autres études on montré que le baret exerce une prédation sur les œufs et les larves de poissons indigènes tels que le bar rayé (Morone saxitilis), la perchaude (Perca flavescens), le doré jaune (Sander vitreus) et le bar blanc (Morone chrysops) (Fuller et al. 2006).
La reproduction du baret se déroule au printemps, lorsque l’eau atteint environ 16 °C, entre la fin avril et juin, selon la situation géographique. Les mâles atteignent la maturité sexuelle vers l’âge de deux ans et les femelles vers trois ans (Fuller et al. 2006). Les poissons remontent donc les cours d’eau pour aller se reproduire en eau peu profonde, les mâles arrivant vraisemblablement avant les femelles. Sur une période de 10 à 21 jours, les femelles pondent un très grand nombre d’œufs, allant de 50000 à 200000, selon la grosseur et l’âge. Plusieurs mâles se rassemblent autour d’une seule femelle pour féconder les œufs (Stanley et Danie, 1983). À la suite de la reproduction, les adultes retournent en aval vers l’eau plus salée.
Après la fécondation, les œufs deviennent adhérents et s’agglomèrent ou s’attachent à la végétation ou à n’importe quel autres supports. L’éclosion se produit de 1 à 6 jours après la fécondation. Les jeunes larves et juvéniles passent leur première année en eau peu profonde proche de leur lieu de naissance où elles se nourrissent de zooplancton, principalement des petits crustacés (copépodes) (Parrish et Margraf, 1991). Ensuite les jeunes poissons prennent la direction des estuaires vers les zones de turbidité maximum où on retrouve les densités les plus fortes de jeunes barets ainsi que leurs proies (Shoji et al. 2005).
Le baret, perche blanche, bar-perche ou petit bar (Morone americana) est une espèce de poissons pélagiques de la famille des Moronidés, originaire des eaux douces et saumâtres de la côte atlantique de l’Amérique du Nord.
De Amerikaanse zeebaars (Morone americana) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Moronidae, orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 49 centimeter lang en 2200 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 7 jaar.
Morone americana komt zowel in zoet, brak als zout water voor. De soort komt voor in gematigde wateren in Noord-Amerika op een diepte tot 10 meter.
Morone americana is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd. De soort kan worden bezichtigd in sommige openbare aquaria.
Voor de mens is Morone americana ongevaarlijk.
De Amerikaanse zeebaars (Morone americana) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van Moronidae, orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan maximaal 49 centimeter lang en 2200 gram zwaar worden. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 7 jaar.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Moron biały[3] (Morone americana) – gatunek ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny moronowatych (Moronidae), opisywany wcześniej pod nazwą Roccus americanus, od której wywodzą się inne polskie nazwy zwyczajowe: skalnik biały[3] i rokiel srebrzysty[4]. Poławiany, głównie sportowo. W 2018 został uznany jednym z gatunków inwazyjnych stanowiących największe zagrożenie dla bioróżnorodności i ekosystemów w Europie[5].
Słone bagna, przybrzeżne wody słodkie i słone wschodniego wybrzeża Ameryki Północnej: od rzeki świętego Wawrzyńca i Jeziora Ontario na północy do Północnej Karoliny na południu i Nowej Szkocji na wschodzie.
Srebrzystobiała barwa, niekiedy o ciemniejszym odcieniu w zależności od środowiska i wielkości ciała. Długość ciała do 49,5 cm. Masa do 2,2 kg[6].
Samica w czasie tarła trwającego około tygodnia składa do 140 tys. jaj, które zapładniane są zwykle przez kilku samców. Młode osobniki wylęgają się po sześciu dniach od zapłodnienia.
Poławiana gospodarczo na niewielką skalę. Połowy sportowe tego gatunku są dobrze rozwinięte u wybrzeży Karoliny i Wirginii. Mięso morona białego jest cenione ze względu na smak. Spożywane świeże[3]. Moron biały jest spotykany w dużych akwariach[6].
Moron biały (Morone americana) – gatunek ryby okoniokształtnej z rodziny moronowatych (Moronidae), opisywany wcześniej pod nazwą Roccus americanus, od której wywodzą się inne polskie nazwy zwyczajowe: skalnik biały i rokiel srebrzysty. Poławiany, głównie sportowo. W 2018 został uznany jednym z gatunków inwazyjnych stanowiących największe zagrożenie dla bioróżnorodności i ekosystemów w Europie.
Morone americanus
Ameriški brancin (znanstveno ime Morone americana) je riba iz družine brancinov, ki je razširjena po Severni Ameriki.
Amriški brancin je po hrbtu temne barve, boki in trebuh pa so srebrno bele barve. Obarvanost hrbta je odvisna od velikosti in življenjskega okolja posamezne ribe. Odrasle živali lahko dosežejo do 50 cm v dolžino in lahko tehtajo do 2,2 kg.
Amriški brancin ima najraje brakični pas, lahko pa živi v sladki in slani vodi. Razširjen je v Reki svetega Lovrenca, Ontarijskem jezeru, na jugu do reke Pee Dee v Severni Karolini, na vzhodu pa vse do voda Nove Škotske.
Komercialno ga lovijo v spodnjih velikih jezerih in v zalivu Chesapeake. Meso teh rib je okusno in je surovo rožnate barve, kuhano pa postane povsem belo. V škrgah teh rib pogosto najdejo zajedavce Lironeca ovalis, ki naj bi zavirali rast teh rib.
Ameriški brancin se prehranjuje z ikrami ostalih ribjih vrst, občasno pa odrasli brancini lovijo tudi ribe in rake ter nekatere vrste nevretenčarjev.
Samice ameriškega brancina med drstjo odložijo do 140.000 iker, ki jih oplodijo različni samci. Maldice se izležejo šest dni po oploditvi.
V reki Hudson je bil ameriški brancin že na robu preživetja, danes pa se tam populacija počasni obnavlja. Tudi sicer v nekaterih ameriških zveznih državah veljajo strogi varstveni zakoni za to ribjo vrsto.
Ameriški brancin (znanstveno ime Morone americana) je riba iz družine brancinov, ki je razširjena po Severni Ameriki.
Vitabborre (Morone americana) är en art i familjen egentliga havsabborrfiskar som förekommer i salt- och brackvatten vid Nordamerikas östkust samt i sötvatten i inlandet.
Vitabborren är en tämligen högryggad fisk med en kropp som är sammantryckt från sidorna. Den har två ryggfenor, den främre med enbart 9 taggstrålar, den bakre med en taggstråle och 10 till 14 mjukstrålar. Ryggen är gröngrå till mörk, sidorna är silver- eller bronsfärgade och buken är vit. Under lektiden kan underkäkens undersida anta en skär till purpurfärgad eller rent blå färgton.[3] arten kan bli 49,5 cm lång och väga 2,2 kg, men blir sällan mycket över 13 cm.[4]
Arten förekommer huvudsakligen i brackvatten i nära anslutning till kustnära saltvatten, men går också gärna upp i floder, helst lugna sådana med dybotten, och förekommer även i sjöar och dammar utan havsanslutning. Den vandrar under dygnet, så att dagen tillbringas på djupare vatten, varpå den vandrar tillbaka närmare kusten under kvällen.[1] Födan består främst av fisk, men den tar också rom och yngel, ringmaskar, insekter, en del kräftdjur och detritus. De nykläckta larverna tar zooplankton.[3]
Vitabborren leker under våren i sött eller lätt bräckt vatten med ringa djup och sandbotten.[1] Honan är polyandrisk; hon leker med flera hanar, vilka följer den äggstinna honan som kan lägga mellan 20 000 och 340 000 ägg. Dessa befrukas av olika hanar medan de faller ner mot bottnen, där de klibbar fast; inga nästen byggs, och äggen tas inte om hand av föräldrarna. De kläcks efter mellan 1,5 och 4,5 dygn, beroende på vattentemperaturen. De nykläckta larverna stannar nära kläckningspatsen i upp till 2 veckor.[3]
Ursprungsområdet omfattar Saint Lawrencefloden i Kanada, Ontariosjön, söderöver till Pee Dee-floden i South Carolina och östkusten utanför nämnda floders utflöden. Den har emellertid spritt sig till flera stater, främst i östra och södra USA, och även vidare in i Kanada.[5]
Ett visst sportfiske förekommer, men arten är inte särskilt populär som bytesfsk trots att experter hävdar att den är en god matfisk. En orsak torde vara att individerna i överbefolkade populationer tenderar att bli mycket små.[6] Ett mindre, kommersellt fiske förekommer också, och arten finns även i allmänna akvarier.[4]
IUCN klassificerar den som livskraftig och ser inga hot mot arten. I stället betraktas den på många håll som en oönskad art som utgör ett hot mot den lokala fiskfaunan.[1] Detta inte minst på grund av sin vana att äta andra fiskars ägg. I Ontariosjön hybridserar den också gärna med vitbassen.[6]
Vitabborre (Morone americana) är en art i familjen egentliga havsabborrfiskar som förekommer i salt- och brackvatten vid Nordamerikas östkust samt i sötvatten i inlandet.
Morone americana — риба родини Моронових, відома під назвою англ. White perch, Окунь білий. Широко вирощується для вживання в їжу та популярна серед рибалок східної Північної Америки.
Риба має сріблясто-білий колір, та досягає до 49,5 см завдовжки і має вагу до 2,2 кг. Хоча риба більш за все полюбляє солонуваті води гирл річок, вона також водиться і в прісній воді.
Зустрічається в басейні річки Св. Лаврентія і озера Онтаріо в Квебеці (Канада) на південь до річки Піді у Південній Кароліні, США.
Morone americana — риба родини Моронових, відома під назвою англ. White perch, Окунь білий. Широко вирощується для вживання в їжу та популярна серед рибалок східної Північної Америки.
Cá rô trắng (Danh pháp khoa học: Morone americana) là một loài cá trong họ Moronidae thuộc bộ cá vược Perciformes.[4][5][6][7] Dù có tên gọi là cá rô, nhưng nó không phải là một loài cá rô thực thụ trong họ Percidae mà là một loài cá vược trong nhóm cá vược ôn đới (Temperate bass). Cá rô trắng cũng là một loài cá câu thể thao khá phổ biến ở Bắc Mỹ.
Mặc dù chúng ưa thích môi trường nước mặn nhưng cá rô trắng cũng được tìm thấy ở những vùng nước ngọt và vùng bờ biể từ sông St. Lawrence và hồ Ontario và phía nam của sông Pee Dee ở Nam Carolina và vùng viễn đông của Nova Scotia. Chúng cũng còn được tìm thấy trong vùng hạ của Hồ Lớn (Great Lakes) hồ Finger, Long Island Sound và những khu vực tương cận vùng bờ biển cũng như hệ thống sông Hudson và sông Mohawk và ở vịnh Delaware và vịnh Chesapeake.
Về tổng thể chúng có mà bạc trắng giống như cái tên gọi của chúng, vây tia của chúng phát triển phụ thuộc vào tập tính. Cá rô trắng được báo cáo là phát triển về chiều dài lên đến 49,5 cm và nặng đến 2,2 kg. Chúng có thịt ngon, khi còn là thịt sống thì chúng có màu hơi hồng hường (pinkish hue) nhưng khi nấu chín thì thịt chúng chuyển màu trắng. Cá rô trắng được biết đến là ăn trứng của nhiều loài bản địa của Hồ Lớn chẳng hạn như cá Walleye và các loài cá rô khác
Sở thích ăn trứng cá của nó đáng kể đến mức mà từng ghi nhận có những thời điểm, trứng cá chếm gần như 100% thực đơn của chúng, chúng cũng chén luôn cả những con cá tuế nhỏ như cá tuế bùn và cá tuế đầu bẹt. Ở vịnh Chesapeake, cá rô trắng được biết đến là thường săn những con mồi như tép cỏ, ốc móng tay và các loài trùng Glycera. Cá rô trắng là loài mắn đẻ, con cá cái có thể đẻ đến 150.000 trứng, trứng sẽ nở sau một tuần.
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|accessdate= (trợ giúp) Cá rô trắng (Danh pháp khoa học: Morone americana) là một loài cá trong họ Moronidae thuộc bộ cá vược Perciformes. Dù có tên gọi là cá rô, nhưng nó không phải là một loài cá rô thực thụ trong họ Percidae mà là một loài cá vược trong nhóm cá vược ôn đới (Temperate bass). Cá rô trắng cũng là một loài cá câu thể thao khá phổ biến ở Bắc Mỹ.
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789)
Охранный статус
Белый американский лавра́к[1] (лат. Morone americana) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства мороновых. Распространён у восточного побережья Северной Америки от озера Онтарио и реки Святого Лаврентия до Южной Каролины. Достигает 49,5 см в длину, обитает вдоль скалистых побережий, на окраинах посейдоновых лугов, но может заходить на глубину в несколько сотен метров. Белый американский лаврак — популярный объект спортивной рыбалки, но имеет и промысловое значение.
Белый американский лавра́к (лат. Morone americana) — вид лучепёрых рыб из семейства мороновых. Распространён у восточного побережья Северной Америки от озера Онтарио и реки Святого Лаврентия до Южной Каролины. Достигает 49,5 см в длину, обитает вдоль скалистых побережий, на окраинах посейдоновых лугов, но может заходить на глубину в несколько сотен метров. Белый американский лаврак — популярный объект спортивной рыбалки, но имеет и промысловое значение.
美洲狼鱸為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目狼鱸科的一種，為溫帶魚類，分布於北美洲加拿大聖羅倫斯河、安大略湖至美國南卡羅來納州Peedee河淡水、半鹹水及海域，體長可達70公分，棲息在沿岸底層水域，會進行洄游，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚、觀賞魚及遊釣魚。
