dcsimg

Description

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Plants 30–200 cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose to hispid. Leaves: petioles 1–7 cm; blades 5–12(–25) cm, ultimate lobes 2–5 mm wide, margins sparsely spinulose-ciliate, apices apiculate. Peduncles 10–20 cm. Calyculi of spreading-ascending, linear-subulate bractlets 5–7(–10) mm, apices acute; Involucres 6–10 mm diam. Phyllaries erect, oblong-lanceolate, 9–13(–18) mm, apices acute to rounded-obtuse. Ray corollas intensely yellow to red-orange, laminae obovate, 18–30 mm, apices ± truncate, denticulate. Disc corollas 6–7 mm. Cypselae 15–30 mm, usually hispidulous, rarely glabrous; pappi 0, or of 2–3 widely divergent awns 1–7 mm. 2n = 24, 48.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 21: 203, 205 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Native of Mexico, an introduced weed in Tropical Asia, N. America and Africa.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Derivation of specific name

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sulphureus: pale yellow, sulphur-yellow (not the colour of this species)
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=160680
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Description

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Annual herb to c.1.2 m with 4-angled sparsely hispid stems. Leaves: lamina ovate in outline, dissected, with ultimate segments 2-4 mm wide, narrowly oblong and apiculate, glabrous. Capitula c.1.5 cm in diameter (excluding rays). Phyllaries: outer green, acuminate; inner with membranous margins. Receptacular scales c.9 mm. Rays up to 3 cm, c.10, bright orange; apex 3-dentate. Disk florets orange-yellow. Achenes c. 20 mm (including a scabrid beak c.7 mm but excluding the pappus), blackish. Pappus of 2 horizontally spreading setae with retrorsely directed barbs.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=160680
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Frequency

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Local
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=160680
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Worldwide distribution

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Mexico
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=160680
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Chile Central
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Cosmos sulphureus

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a Cosmos sp. at Yogyakarta region of Indonesia

Cosmos sulphureus is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family Asteraceae, also known as sulfur cosmos and yellow cosmos. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America, and naturalized in other parts of North and South America as well as in Europe, Asia, and Australia.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

This plant was declared invasive by the United States Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council in 1996.[9] The flowers of all Cosmos attract birds and butterflies, including the monarch butterfly.

Description

This species of Cosmos is considered a half-hardy annual, although plants may re-appear via self-sowing for several years. Its foliage is opposite and pinnately divided. The plant height varies from 1–7 feet (30–210 cm). The original and its cultivars appear in shades of yellow, orange, and red. It is especially popular in Korea and Japan, where it is often seen in mass plantings along roadsides, following an initiative pursued by the Korean-Japanese botanist Woo Jang-choon.

Cultivars

Cultivars include:

  • 'Brightness Red' agm[10]
  • 'Klondyke Mix', 'Polidor' consists of a variety of colors in shades from yellow to orange and scarlet
  • 'Ladybird Dwarf Red', 'Ladybird Dwarf Gold', 'Ladybird Dwarf Orange', and 'Ladybird Dwarf Lemon' are shorter than the species at 40 cm. Their flowering is very early. The flowers have vibrant colors in hues of yellow, orange and scarlet. Another cultivar is named 'Bright Eyes'.
  • 'The Diablo' reaches 75 cm with flowers of 5 cm intense orange red.
  • 'The Polidor' reaches 75 cm and bears semi-double flowers in shades of golden yellow, orange and red.
  • 'The Sunny Red' and 'Sunny Gold' have single flowers on stocky plants at 35 cm.
  • 'The Sunset' reaches 90 cm. It bears double or semi-double flowers in shades of red or scarlet orange
  • 'Tango' agm[11]

(those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit).

Cultivation

A patch of invasive Cosmos sulphureus plants in Pune district, India.

Growth characteristics of this plant include:[12]

  • Germination takes between 7 and 21 days at the optimal temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit; flowering begins between 50 and 60 days after germination
  • It prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 8.5, reflecting its native habitat in the alkaline regions of Central America
  • Flowering is best in full sun, although partial shade is tolerated
  • The plant is tolerant to drought after germination, and is seldom subject to insect or disease damage; this vigor is attested by its status as a pest in some areas of the United States

Use

  • Young shoots are eaten raw or cooked in Indonesia under the name of lalab or gudang.[13]
  • The flowers are a dye, producing an orange-yellow dye, used in pre-Columbian America and later in southern Africa to dye wool.
  • In Thailand, they are consumed in salads or herbal tea with the effect of inhibiting pancreatic lipase.[14]
  • According to a Pakistani team (2017), in rats subjected to a high dose of paracetamol, extract of the plant has a hepatoprotective effect.[15]
  • A Ukrainian publication (2017) attributes to a bread containing 10% dry extract of Cosmos sulphureus a good note for its organoleptic qualities.[16]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-15 at archive.today
  2. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 21 Page 205 Cosmos sulphureus Cavanilles, Icon. 1: 56, plate 79. 1791.
  3. ^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 857 硫磺菊 liu huang ju Cosmos sulphureus Cavanilles, Icon. 1: 56. 1791.
  4. ^ Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden (1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.
  5. ^ Nash, D. L. 1976. Tribe V, Heliantheae. En: Nash, D.L. & Williams, L.O. (Eds), Flora of Guatemal a - Part XII. Fieldiana, Botany 24(12): 181–361, 503–570
  6. ^ Dodson, C.H., A.H. Gentry & F.M. Valverde Badillo. 1985. La Flora de Jauneche: Los Ríos, Ecuador 1–512. Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito
  7. ^ Strother, J. L. 1999. Compositae–Heliantheae s. l. 5: 1–232. In D.E. Breedlove (ed.) Flora of Chiapas. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
  8. ^ Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela 1–859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas
  9. ^ US Department of Agriculture Plant Profile of Cosmos sulphureus
  10. ^ ""Cosmos sulphureus" 'Brightness Red'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  11. ^ ""Cosmos sulphureus" 'Tango'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  12. ^ Plant Answers, Texas A&M University, Cosmos history and cultivation
  13. ^ TK Lim , Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 7, Flowers , Springer Science & Business Media,November 8, 2013 (ISBN 9789400773950)
  14. ^ D. Buti , D. Domenici , C. Grazia and J. Ostapkowicz , " Further Insight into Mesoamerican Paint Technology: Unveiling the Color Palette of the Pre-Columbian Codex Fejérváry-Mayer by Means of Non-Invasive Analysis ", Archaeometry, March 6, 2018 (ISSN 1475-4754)
  15. ^ Mohammad Saleem et al., " Chemical characterization and hepatoprotective potential of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. " , Journal Natural Product Research / Formerly Natural Product Letters ,December 2017
  16. ^ Nina Osokina , Kateryna Kostetska , Helena Gerasymchuk and Valeriia Voziian , " DEVELOPING OF RECIPES AND ESTIMATION OF RAW MATERIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF WHEAT BREAD " , EUREKA: Life Sciences , vol. 0, n o 4,July 31, 2017, p. 26-34

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Cosmos sulphureus: Brief Summary

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a Cosmos sp. at Yogyakarta region of Indonesia

Cosmos sulphureus is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family Asteraceae, also known as sulfur cosmos and yellow cosmos. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America, and naturalized in other parts of North and South America as well as in Europe, Asia, and Australia.

This plant was declared invasive by the United States Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council in 1996. The flowers of all Cosmos attract birds and butterflies, including the monarch butterfly.

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Cosmos sulphureus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Cosmos sulphureus

Cosmos sulphureus, cosmos, cosmos azufrado, cosmos amarillo, mata piojos, es una especie fanerogámica endémica de América Central.

Descripción

Esta especie es considerada una anual, aunque puede reaparecer vía autosiembra durante varios años. Tiene follaje opuesto y pinnado. Su altura varía de 3 a 22 dm; la especie original y sus cultivares aparecen en tonos de los colores amarillo, naranja, rojo. Es especialmente popular en Corea y en Japón, donde suele vérselo en grandes plantaciones a la vera de las rutas (ver Woo Jang-choon).

Está declarada especie invasora por el "Concejo de Plantas Malezas Exóticas del Sudeste de Estados Unidos ", en 1996.[1]

Algunas variedades de Cosmos sulphureus en cultivo

  • 'Klondyke Mix' consiste de una variedad de cromas en tonos desde el amarillo al anaranjado y escarlata
  • 'Ladybird Dwarf Red', 'Ladybird Dwarf Gold', 'Ladybird Dwarf Orange', 'Ladybird Dwarf Lemon' son más cortas que la especie original

Características de crecimiento

  • Germinación tarda entre 7 a 21 días con una temperatura óptima de 24 ºC; la floración da comienzo entre 50 a 60 días de emergida
  • Prefiere un suelo de pH de 6,0 a 8,5, reflejando su hábitat nativo de regiones alcalinas de Centroamérica
  • La floración es mejor a pleno sol, aunque tolera bien media sombra. Planta tolerante a sequía postgerminación, raramente es atacada por insectos o enfermedades; este vigor se atestigua por su estatus de maleza en algunas regiones de EE. UU.

Ecología

Las flores atraen aves y mariposas, incluyendo la mariposa monarca (Danaus plexippus). Cosmos sulphureus fue atracción en el filme japonés de 1997: Remembering The Cosmos Flower.

Taxonomía

Cosmos sulphureus fue descrita por Antonio José de Cavanilles y publicado en Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 1(3): 56, pl. 79. 1791.[2]

Sinonimia
  • Bidens artemisiifolia (Jacq.) Kuntze
  • Bidens sulfurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip.
  • Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip.
  • Coreopsis artemisifolia Sessé & Moc.
  • Coreopsis artemisiifolia Jacq.
  • Cosmea sulphurea Willd.
  • Cosmos artemisiifolius (Jacq.) M.R.Almeida
  • Cosmos aurantiacus Klatt[3]

Referencias

Bibliografía

  1. Cronquist, A. J. 1980. Asteraceae. 1: i–xv, 1–261. In Vasc. Fl. S.E. U. S.. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  2. Dodson, C. H., A. H. Gentry & F. M. Valverde Badillo. 1985. Fl. Jauneche 1–512. Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito.
  3. Fernald, M. 1950. Manual (ed. 8) i–lxiv, 1–1632. American Book Co., New York.
  4. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii + 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  5. Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080403/http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  6. Gleason, H. A. & A. J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.E. U.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  7. Hickman, J. C. 1993. Jepson Man.: Higher Pl. Calif. i–xvii, 1–1400. University of California Press, Berkeley.
  8. Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. 2008. 1–860. In O. Hokche, P. E. Berry & O. Huber Nuevo Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Caracas.
  9. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez. (eds.) 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: i–viii, 1–1181.
  10. Martínez Salas, E. M., M. Sousa Sánchez & C. H. Ramos Álvarez. 2001. Región de Calakmul, Campeche. Listados Floríst. México 22: 1–55.

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Cosmos sulphureus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src= Cosmos sulphureus

Cosmos sulphureus, cosmos, cosmos azufrado, cosmos amarillo, mata piojos, es una especie fanerogámica endémica de América Central.

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Keltakosmos ( Finnish )

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Siemeniä

Keltakosmos eli keltakosmoskukka (Cosmos sulphureus) on kosmosten sukuun kuuluva laji. Sitä käytetään ryhmäkasvina kukkapenkeissä sekä leikkokukkana. Keltakosmoskukka on lähtöisin Etelä-Amerikasta. Kasvi on korkeudeltaan 40–70 cm. Kukan värisävy vaihtelee keltaisen ja oranssinpunaisen välillä. Lehdet ovat muodoltaan syväliuskaiset. Keltakosmoskukka kukkii heinäkuulta myöhään syksyyn. Kasvi menestyy aurinkoisella paikalla vähäravinteisessa ja multavassa maassa. Taimet esikasvatetaan keväällä ja se on hyvä aloittaa huhtikuulla. Istutettaessa avomaalle taimet istutetaan 20 cm välein.[2] Kasvatus samanlainen kuin punakosmoskukalla (Cosmos bipinnatus).

Lähteet

  1. Cosmos sulphureus Itis Report. 14.9.2014. Viitattu 14.9.2014. (englanniksi)
  2. Lena Månson: ”Keltakosmoskukka”, Kesäkukkia, s. 80. Suomentanut Birgitta Rossing. Helsinki: Otava, 1996. ISBN 951-1-14035-3.

Aiheesta muualla

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Keltakosmos: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Keltakosmos eli keltakosmoskukka (Cosmos sulphureus) on kosmosten sukuun kuuluva laji. Sitä käytetään ryhmäkasvina kukkapenkeissä sekä leikkokukkana. Keltakosmoskukka on lähtöisin Etelä-Amerikasta. Kasvi on korkeudeltaan 40–70 cm. Kukan värisävy vaihtelee keltaisen ja oranssinpunaisen välillä. Lehdet ovat muodoltaan syväliuskaiset. Keltakosmoskukka kukkii heinäkuulta myöhään syksyyn. Kasvi menestyy aurinkoisella paikalla vähäravinteisessa ja multavassa maassa. Taimet esikasvatetaan keväällä ja se on hyvä aloittaa huhtikuulla. Istutettaessa avomaalle taimet istutetaan 20 cm välein. Kasvatus samanlainen kuin punakosmoskukalla (Cosmos bipinnatus).

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Cosmos sulphureus ( French )

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Cosmos sulfureux, Cosmos de Klondike

Le Cosmos sulfureux ou Cosmos de Klondike, Cosmos sulphureus, est une espèce de plantes annuelles à port érigé et ramifié, de la famille des Asteraceae, originaire du Mexique et largement diffusée en Afrique et en Asie. Elle est localement considérée comme invasive aux États-Unis[1] et au Brésil[2].

Description

Feuillage caduc composé de fines feuilles (10 à 30 centimètres), opposées à cinq lobes pennés jusqu'à la nervure centrale. L'inflorescence (capitule) est de couleur orange lumineux le plus souvent (jaune à rouge chez les cultivars). Le fruit est un akène : une quarantaine par capitule.

Il s'agit d'une plante à haut pouvoir nectarifère, attirant notamment les papillons. Les feuilles sont particulièrement appréciées des limaces.

Utilisations

Alimentation et thérapeutique

Les jeunes pousses sont consommées crues ou cuites en Indonésie sous le nom de lalab ou gudang[3].

En Thaïlande, elles sont consommées dans les salades[3] ou en tisane avec pour effet d'inhiber la lipase pancréatique [4].

Une publication ukrainienne (2017) attribue à un pain comprenant 10% d'extrait sec de Cosmos sulphureus une bonne note pour ses qualités organoleptiques [5].

Selon une étude pakistanaise de 2017, chez le rat soumis à une forte dose de paracétamol l'extrait de la plante a un effet hépatoprotecteur[6].

Divers

Les fleurs sont tinctoriales[7], elles produisent un colorant jaune oranger, utilisé en Amérique précolombienne [8] et plus tard en Afrique australe pour teindre la laine [9].

Une équipe germano-autrichienne a créé des pommiers transgéniques résistants au feu bactérien et à la tavelure par transgenèse d'un régulateur d'expression d'une chalcone [10] de la fleur de Cosmos sulphureus[11].

Au Brésil ses effets allélopathiques ont été étudiés dans le contrôle des mauvaises herbes[2].

Plante ornementale

Le cosmos sulfureux est très couramment cultivé au jardin d'ornement.

Cultivars

Les fleurs des Cultivars sont jaunes, orangées ou rouges :

  • 'Bright Lights' a des fleurs simples et semi-doubles dans les couleurs de jaune, orangé et rouge. Le plant est compact à 60 cm.
  • 'Diablo' atteint 75 cm avec des fleurs de 5 cm rouge orangé intense.
  • la série Lady Bird comprend des cultivars nains à 40 cm. Leur floraison est très hâtive. Les fleurs ont des couleurs éclatantes dans les teintes de jaune, orange et écarlate.
  • 'Polidor' atteint 75 cm et porte des fleurs semi-doubles dans les teintes de jaune or, orangé et rouge.
  • 'Sunny Red' et 'Sunny Gold' ont des fleurs simples sur des plants trapus à 35 cm.
  • 'Sunset' atteint 90 cm. Il porte des fleurs doubles ou semi-double dans les teintes de rouge vermeil ou orange écarlate.

Notes et références

  1. « sulphur cosmos: Cosmos sulphureus (Asterales: Asteraceae): Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States », sur www.invasiveplantatlas.org (consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  2. a et b (pt) Bruna Pires da Silva, Potencial alelopático de Cosmos sulphureus Cav. (thèse de doctorat), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, 17 avril 2017 (lire en ligne).
  3. a et b (en) T. K. Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants : Volume 7, Flowers, Springer Science & Business Media, 8 novembre 2013 (ISBN 978-94-007-7395-0, lire en ligne).
  4. (en) « Potential health enhancing properties of edible flowers from Thailand », Food Research International, vol. 46, no 2,‎ 1er mai 2012, p. 563–571 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  5. (en) Nina Osokina, Kateryna Kostetska, Helena Gerasymchuk et Valeriia Voziian, « DEVELOPMENT OF RECIPES AND ESTIMATION OF RAW MATERIAL FOR PRODUCTION OF WHEAT BREAD », EUREKA: Life Sciences, vol. 0, no 4,‎ 31 juillet 2017, p. 26–34 (lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  6. (en) Mohammad Saleem et al., « Chemical characterisation and hepatoprotective potential of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. and Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. », Journal Natural Product Research / Formerly Natural Product Letters,‎ décembre 2017 (lire en ligne).
  7. Edia Rahayuningsih, Dyah A. Wikansari et Hendrik Setiawan, « Natural Colorants from Cosmos Sulphureus Cav. and Tagetes Erecta L.: Extraction And Characterization », ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 2, no 0,‎ 7 juillet 2017, p. 44–58 (ISSN , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  8. (en) D. Buti, D. Domenici, C. Grazia et J. Ostapkowicz, « Further Insight into Mesoamerican Paint Technology: Unveiling the Colour Palette of the Pre-Columbian Codex Fejérváry-Mayer by Means of Non-invasive Analysis », Archaeometry,‎ 6 mars 2018 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  9. Prota, PROTA, 2005, 237 p. (ISBN 978-90-5782-163-9, lire en ligne).
  10. (en) Karin Schlangen, Silvija Miosic, Jana Thill et Heidi Halbwirth, « Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of a chalcone 3-hydroxylase from Cosmos sulphureus », Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 61, no 12,‎ 1er juillet 2010, p. 3451–3459 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
  11. (en) Olly Sanny Hutabarat, Henryk Flachowsky, Ionela Regos et Silvija Miosic, « Transgenic apple plants overexpressing the chalcone 3-hydroxylase gene of Cosmos sulphureus show increased levels of 3-hydroxyphloridzin and reduced susceptibility to apple scab and fire blight », Planta, vol. 243, no 5,‎ 1er mai 2016, p. 1213–1224 (ISSN et , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 22 avril 2018).
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Cosmos sulphureus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Cosmos sulfureux, Cosmos de Klondike

Le Cosmos sulfureux ou Cosmos de Klondike, Cosmos sulphureus, est une espèce de plantes annuelles à port érigé et ramifié, de la famille des Asteraceae, originaire du Mexique et largement diffusée en Afrique et en Asie. Elle est localement considérée comme invasive aux États-Unis et au Brésil.

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Kenikir sulfur ( Indonesian )

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Kenikir sulfur (Cosmos sulphureus) adalah tumbuhan berbunga yang berasal dari Meksiko dan termasuk ke dalam keluarga Kenikir-Kenikiran.[1][2] Tanaman ini juga menjadi habitat alami bagi serangga Anagrus nilaparvatae.[2][3]

Manfaat

Tanaman ini memiliki kandungan alelokimia dan diduga memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai herbisida nabati karena mengandung senyawa fenol yang memiliki potensialelokimia.[4]

Bunga-bunga ini diproduksi di kapitulum yang dikelilingi oleh cincin kuntum sinar luas dan pusat disk floret. Bunga-bunga kenikir datang dalam warna-warna cerah bervariasi seperti oranye, warna kuning. Mereka dapat bunga berwarna tunggal atau ganda. Bunga-bunga sekitar diameter 2 – 4 inci.[5]

Galeri

Referensi

  1. ^ "Plant database entry for Cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus 'Indonesian Kennikura') with one image and 18 data details". garden.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2019-08-20.
  2. ^ a b Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Y. Andi; Sugiharti, Wiwik (2018-07-27). "The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)". Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia (dalam bahasa Inggris). 22 (1): 43–50. doi:10.22146/jpti.24806. ISSN 2548-4788.
  3. ^ Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Y. Andi; Sugiharti, Wiwik (2018). "The Role of Turnera Subulata and Cosmos Sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus Nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)". Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia (dalam bahasa Inggris). 22 (1): 43–50. ISSN 1410-1637.
  4. ^ Samsul Rizal, Maria Erna Kustyawati, Murhadi, Udin Hasanudin, dan Marniza (2018). ""Peran Keanekaragaman Hayati untuk Mendukung Indonesia sebagai Lumbung Pangan Dunia" (PDF). PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE TERHADAP KADAR ABU, KADAR PROTEIN, KADAR LEMAK DAN KANDUNGAN BETA-GLUKAN TEMPE: 1.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Mengenal Tentang Bunga Cosmos - Purie Garden". puriegarden.com. Diakses tanggal 2019-08-20.

Lihat pula

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Kenikir sulfur: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Kenikir sulfur (Cosmos sulphureus) adalah tumbuhan berbunga yang berasal dari Meksiko dan termasuk ke dalam keluarga Kenikir-Kenikiran. Tanaman ini juga menjadi habitat alami bagi serangga Anagrus nilaparvatae.

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Gullskära ( Swedish )

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Cosmos sulphureus

Gullskära (Cosmos sulphureus) är en art i familjen korgblommiga växter. Växten finns i gula, röda och orangea färger. Den är väldigt populär i Korea och Japan.

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Gullskära: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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 src= Cosmos sulphureus

Gullskära (Cosmos sulphureus) är en art i familjen korgblommiga växter. Växten finns i gula, röda och orangea färger. Den är väldigt populär i Korea och Japan.

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Cúc chuồn ( Vietnamese )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Chuồn chuồn (định hướng).
 src=
Cosmos sulphureus

Cúc chuồn hay còn gọi chuồn chuồn, cúc cánh chuồn, sao nhái vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Cosmos sulphureus) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được Cav. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1791.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Cosmos sulphureus. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Cúc chuồn  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cúc chuồn


Bài viết tông cúc Coreopsideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cúc chuồn: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Chuồn chuồn (định hướng).  src= Cosmos sulphureus

Cúc chuồn hay còn gọi chuồn chuồn, cúc cánh chuồn, sao nhái vàng (danh pháp hai phần: Cosmos sulphureus) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc. Loài này được Cav. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1791.

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Космея серно-жёлтая ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Cosmos sulphureusТулузский музеум

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Космея серно-жёлтая: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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 src= Cosmos sulphureus — Тулузский музеум
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硫華菊 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

硫華菊学名Cosmos sulphureus),又名黄秋英黄波斯菊黄花波斯菊、硫黄菊、硫磺菊、黄芙蓉,是菊科秋英屬一年生草本植物[1],原产於墨西哥,在海拔1600米以下地区自然生长。种加词sulphureus的本意就是“硫磺的”。

此植物喜阳耐半阴,耐寒性一般,是由大波斯菊Cosmos bipinnatus)与同属其他种自然杂交得到,现在是广泛栽培的园艺花卉和切花材料。硫华菊株形较凌乱,因此适合丛植,无法像大波斯菊一样可用来布置花境

特征

硫華菊多分枝[2],株高約30-100厘米,大多数情况下株高60厘米,盆栽时一般保留20厘米高的矮小植株。硫華菊长有对生的二回羽状复叶[2],深裂,裂片呈披针形,有短尖,与大波斯菊相比叶片更宽,叶缘锯齿更粗糙。瘦果总长1.8-2.5厘米,棕褐色,坚硬,粗糙有毛,顶端有细长喙。如果夏季炎热程度加剧,硫華菊的花期会有提前的倾向。

硫华菊的生长与繁殖 Cosmos-seedlings.jpg Cosmos sulphureus1.jpg Cosmos-seeds.jpg Cosmos sulphureus MHNT.BOT.2007.43.48.jpg 幼苗 花丛 瘦果 瘦果

花期長,为6月-11月,而一般来说,春播硫華菊花期6-8月,夏播花期9-10月。开直径3-5厘米的金黄橙色花,而在改良種中有开红色花朵的品種;中心管状花为黄色或褐红色。其花型有单瓣和重瓣两种,园艺市场出售的是基本上是重瓣品种。

硫華菊不易受病虫侵害,但在初的新芽附近会有蚜虫生长。硫華菊在贫瘠的土壤中只需适量水就可以正常生长,是生命力顽强的植物,易于养护。此花在阳光不充足的环境下也勉强可栽培,但在这种环境下要注意防止叶片变形。

历史

18世紀末,西班牙马德里植物园首次种植硫華菊,从此硫華菊被该植物园的园长、硫華菊的命名人安东尼奥·何塞·卡瓦尼列斯引入欧洲。据残存的文献记载,硫華菊是於大正時代初期传入日本,现在是日本主要的园艺花卉品种之一。

硫華菊在韩国生长也很普遍,街道旁大量生长这种花。1950年代,农学家、植物学禹長春博士建议引进此花,之後此花在韩国大量栽培。[3]

1996年,硫華菊被美国东南部外来有害植物理事会(SE-EPPC)宣布为入侵物種[4]

栽培种

目前主要的硫華菊栽培种包括:

  • 'Klondyke Mix':花色包括黄、橙、红色。
  • 'Ladybird Dwarf Red'、'Ladybird Dwarf Gold'、'Ladybird Dwarf Orange'和'Ladybird Dwarf Lemon':均为矮小种。
  • 草莓巧克力(“Strawberry Chocolate”):由硫華菊与巧克力秋英Cosmos atrosanguineus)杂交得到,日本培育。

生长与养护

发芽需要7-21日,最适温度为24°C,发芽50-60日後开花。其耐贫瘠沙质土壤,原本生长在墨西哥的碱性土壤地区,因此适宜土壤pH为6.0-8.5。阳光明媚的天气有利于开花,但也可耐受半阴条件。出芽後的植株耐旱能力强,不易受病虫侵害,这种强大的生活力已在美国的一些虫害区证实。

不同颜色的硫华菊 Orange Cosmos sulphureus (Gongqing Forest Park).JPG Orange Cosmos sulphureus.jpg Cosmos sulphureus2.jpg

意象

硫華菊的花语是野性美[5]。而這種花在1997年由小田茜主演的日本电影《秋樱》(秋桜Remembering The Cosmos Flower)中作为主要的意象出现。

注释

  1. ^ 本来是多年生草本植物,可耐受的最低生长气温为10°C,但是由于日本和韩国冬季气温低,硫華菊作为一年生草本植物出现在当地。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 (中文)硫华菊,花之苑
  3. ^ (英文)Woo Jang-choon, New World Encyclopedia
  4. ^ (英文)Plant Profile of Cosmos sulphureus
  5. ^ (中文)野放之美--大波斯&黃花波斯[永久失效連結]

外部連結

 src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:硫華菊  src= 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:硫華菊  src= 维基物种中的分类信息:硫華菊
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硫華菊: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

硫華菊(学名:Cosmos sulphureus),又名黄秋英、黄波斯菊、黄花波斯菊、硫黄菊、硫磺菊、黄芙蓉,是菊科秋英屬一年生草本植物,原产於墨西哥,在海拔1600米以下地区自然生长。种加词sulphureus的本意就是“硫磺的”。

此植物喜阳耐半阴,耐寒性一般,是由大波斯菊(Cosmos bipinnatus)与同属其他种自然杂交得到,现在是广泛栽培的园艺花卉和切花材料。硫华菊株形较凌乱,因此适合丛植,无法像大波斯菊一样可用来布置花境

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キバナコスモス ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
Question book-4.svg
この記事は検証可能参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。
出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。2010年12月
キバナコスモス Cosmos sulphureus 0.jpg
キバナコスモス(2005年7月)
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida : キク目 Asterales : キク科 Asteraceae 亜科 : キク亜科 Asteroideae : コスモス属 Cosmos : キバナコスモス C. sulphureus 学名 Cosmos sulphureus Cav. 和名 キバナコスモス
 src=
Cosmos sulphureus

キバナコスモス(黄花コスモス、学名Cosmos sulphureus)は、キク科コスモス属の多年草または一年草[1]コスモスの名を冠するが、オオハルシャギクとは同属別種にあたり互いを交配する事は出来ない。

現在では日本で広く園芸品種のひとつとして栽培されているが、一部は逸出して野生化している。

特徴[編集]

原産地はメキシコで、標高1600m以下の地域に自生する。18世紀末にスペインマドリードの植物園に送られ、ヨーロッパに渡来した。日本には大正時代の初めに輸入された記録が残っている。

高さは約30〜100cm。概ね60cm程度に成長するが、鉢植えやプランター向けの20cm程度に留まる矮性種も出回っている。オオハルシャギクと比べて葉が幅広く、切れ込みが深い。また夏場の暑さに強いため、オオハルシャギクよりも早い時期に花を咲かせる傾向にある。またオオハルシャギクよりも繁殖力が旺盛である為、こぼれ種で栽培していると数年後にはオオハルシャギクを席巻してしまう。

 src=
キバナコスモスとチョウキアゲハ

花期は比較的長く、6月から11月にかけて直径3〜5cm程度の黄色、またはオレンジの花を咲かせる。改良種として濃い赤色の品種も作られている。花は一重咲きと八重咲きがあるが、園芸品種として市場に出回っているもののほとんどは八重咲き。

病害虫による大きな被害を受けることは少なく、初夏からにかけて新芽の付近にアブラムシがつく程度である。痩せた土壌でも適度の水を与えていれば問題無く成長するため、頑強で育て易い植物といえる。ただし日陰での栽培には向かず、充分な日照が無い環境では葉などの形が崩れる場合があるため注意が必要。

成長に伴って良く分岐する特性があり、咲き終えた花がらの摘み取りや、夏場に一旦切り戻しを行うなどの手入れを施すと長い期間花を楽しむ事が出来る。

ストロベリーチョコレート[編集]

前述の通りオオハルシャギクとは交配出来ないが、チョコレートコスモスとは交配可能。このキバナコスモスとチョコレートコスモスの交配種は「ストロベリーチョコレート」と呼ばれる。

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ 本来は多年草だが生育には最低でも10℃の気温を必要とするため、日本の市場では一年草として扱われている。

外部リンク[編集]

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、キバナコスモスに関連するメディアおよびカテゴリがあります。


執筆の途中です この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますプロジェクト:植物Portal:植物)。
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wikipedia 日本語

キバナコスモス: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
 src= Cosmos sulphureus

キバナコスモス(黄花コスモス、学名:Cosmos sulphureus)は、キク科コスモス属の多年草または一年草。コスモスの名を冠するが、オオハルシャギクとは同属別種にあたり互いを交配する事は出来ない。

現在では日本で広く園芸品種のひとつとして栽培されているが、一部は逸出して野生化している。

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노랑코스모스 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

노랑코스모스(Cosmos sulphureus)는 국화과한해살이풀이다. 멕시코 원산이며, 한국에는 1930~1945년에 들어왔다.[1] 관상용 식물로 심어 기르며, 심어 기르던 것이 야생화되어 절로 자라기도 한다.[2]

생태

키는 40~100센티미터에 이르고 줄기는 곧게 서며 가지를 많이 치고 털이 없다. 잎은 마주나는데 줄기 아래쪽 것은 잎자루가 길고, 잎몸 모양이 삼각상 난형으로 2회 깃꼴로 깊게 갈라진다. 위쪽 잎은 잎자루가 없다. 꽃은 7~9월에 여러 개의 두화가 가지 끝에 1개씩 핀다. 지름은 5~6센티미터쯤 되며 주황색이다. 통상화는 양성(兩性)이며 끝이 5개로 깊게 갈라진다.[1] 설상화는 무성(無性)이며 끝이 불규칙하게 3~5개의 모양으로 갈라진다.[2] 열매는 수과로 약간 굽었으며 긴 부리 모양의 돌기가 있고 2개의 가시가 난다.[1]

잎이 코스모스보다 넓고 끝이 뾰족하게 갈라지는 점이 달라 구분한다.[3]

사진

각주

  1. “식물도감 - 노랑코스모스”. 한국식물연구회. 2010년 4월 7일에 확인함.[깨진 링크(과거 내용 찾기)]
  2. 박수현 (2009년 4월 10일). 《세밀화와 사진으로 보는 한국의 귀화식물》. 일조각. 378쪽.
  3. 이동혁 (2007년 6월 5일). 《오감으로 찾는 우리 풀꽃》. 이비컴. 396쪽. ISBN 978-89-89484-56-1.
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