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Ihiihi, Ihiihilaukea or Hawaiian waterfernMarsileaceae (Pepperwort family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Niihau, extinct?; extant on Oahu, Molokai)EndangeredOahu (Cultivated); Oahu varietyMarsilea villosa in dark early morning hoursOften, Marsilea spp. have been mistakenly sold on the market as "Shamrock" or "Four-leaf Clover." All belong to very different families: shamrock belongs to Oxalidaceae; clover to Fabaceae, peas and legumes; ihiihi to Marsileaceae, water ferns. And, to confuse matters further, ihiihilaukea leaves fold at night like shamrock (Oxalis spp.) and clover (Trifolium spp.) as shown in this photo here growing with the Hawaiian indigenous aeae (Bacopa monnieri). This process is referred to as Nyctinasty, whereby the leaves and sometimes petals of some plant species fold upward or downward at night, or at times on cloudy days, and return to their horizontal state in the day light hours.ihiihilaukea coming out of nyctinasty
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/5187617083/in/photolist-...Leaves of ihiihilaukea in the daytime
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/16838117128/in/photolist...EtymologyThe generic name Marsilea is named for Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli or Marsili (1656-1730), Italian botanist at Bologna.The Latin specific epithet villosa, hairy, in reference to the hairy rhizomes and sporocarps.*_____* Immature sporocarps (spore case) are villous or hairy; mature sporocarps loose their hair and are bald, or nearly so, when ripe. The Molokai variety, at least under cultivation, appears to retain the hairs more than the Oahu variety.
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/5187616783/in/photolist-...nativeplants.hawaii.edu/
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 1958-05-05 Location: SW Mateke Hills, Malanguve Rd. Habitat: Mud at streamside
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2010-12-18 Location: Rd. To Chicoma vlei, Harare Habitat: Vlei area, among grass in full sun, near rocks
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Ihiihilaukea (Marsilea villosa)Marsileaceae (Pepperwort family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Niihau, extinct?; extant on Oahu, Molokai)Endangered; Oahu varietyOften, Marsilea spp. have been mistakenly sold on the market as "Shamrock" or "Four-leaf Clover." All belong to very different families: shamrock belongs to Oxalidaceae; clover to Fabaceae, peas and legumes; ihiihi to Marsileaceae, water ferns.
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/17025873375/in/pool-enda...Aeae (Bacopa monnieri)Plantaginaceae (Plantago family)Indigenous to the Hawaiian IslandsThe whole herb is used medicinally in India in a variety of ways. It is grown as a medicinal crop and is being research for antioxidant properties, to help the nervous system, and to improve memory and mental functions.
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/16999954056/in/pool-5244...Both of these native plants are growing very well together in the wettest portion of my Native Hawaiian Fern Garden; Oahu (Cultivated)
nativeplants.hawaii.edu/
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2010-12-18 Location: Rd. To Chicoma vlei, Harare Habitat: Vlei area, among grass in full sun, near rocks
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Ihiihi, Ihiihilaukea or Hawaiian waterfernMarsileaceae (Pepperwort family)Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands (Niihau, extinct?; extant on Oahu and Molokai)IUCN: EndangeredOahu (Cultivated); Oahu varietyOften, Marsilea spp. have been mistakenly sold on the market as "Shamrock" or "Four-leaf Clover." All belong to very different families: shamrock belongs to Oxalidaceae; clover to Fabaceae, peas and legumes; ihiihi to Marsileaceae, water ferns.Sporocarps
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/5187616783/in/photostream/Habit
www.flickr.com/photos/dweickhoff/5187616467/in/photostream/EtymologyThe generic name Marsilea is named for Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli or Marsili (1656-1730), Italian botanist at Bologna.The Latin specific epithet villosa, hairy, in reference to the hairy rhizomes and sporocarps.NPH 00008
nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Marsilea_villosa
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2010-12-18 Location: Rd. To Chicoma vlei, Harare Habitat: Vlei area, among grass in full sun, near rocks
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collected by Steve Matson # 203 on May 17, 1998
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2010-12-18 Location: Rd. To Chicoma vlei, Harare Habitat: Vlei area, among grass in full sun, near rocks
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2012-12-16 Location: Corner Groombridge Rd. And Wycombe Av. Harare Habitat: Roadside ditch, full sun in grass next to road
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2012-12-16 Location: Corner Groombridge Rd. And Wycombe Av. Harare Habitat: Roadside ditch, full sun in grass next to road
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2014-01-25 Location: Road from Zhishavane to Bulawayo
Habitat: In small moist sandy riverbed in full sun, in water and on soil
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Species: Marsilea ephippiocarpa Alston Date: 2014-01-25 Location: From Zhishavane to Bulawayo
Habitat: In small moist sandy riverbed in full sun, in water and on soil
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Species: Marsilea farinosa Launert subsp. farinosa Date: 1955-10-00 Location: "Pasture?" Research station, Nyamandhlovu district Habitat: Aquatic growing in damp bed of a small pan on black basaltic sand, pan holds water in summer only.
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Species: Marsilea farinosa Launert subsp. farinosa Date: 1955-10-00 Location: "Pasture?" Research station, Nyamandhlovu district Habitat: Aquatic growing in damp bed of a small pan on black basaltic sand, pan holds water in summer only.
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Species: Marsilea farinosa Launert subsp. farinosa Date: 1955-10-00 Location: "Pasture?" Research station, Nyamandhlovu district Habitat: Aquatic growing in damp bed of a small pan on black basaltic sand, pan holds water in summer only.
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Species: Marsilea minuta L. var. minuta Date: 0000-00-00 Location: Mana Pools Habitat: Muddy banks of streambed in floodplain, full sun
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Species: Marsilea minuta L. var. minuta Date: 0000-00-00 Location: Mana Pools Habitat: Muddy banks of streambed in floodplain, full sun
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Species: Marsilea minuta L. var. minuta Date: 0000-00-00 Location: Mana Pools Habitat: Muddy banks of streambed in floodplain, full sun
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Species: Marsilea minuta L. var. minuta Date: 0000-00-00 Location: Mana Pools Habitat: Muddy banks of streambed in floodplain, full sun
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specimen on file #203