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Description ( англиски )

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Sachatamia ilex is a medium-sized frog, reaching up to 37 mm in length (Guyer and Donnelly 2005). It is commonly known as either the Ghost Glass Frog or the Limon Giant Glass Frog. Centrolene ilex can be up to twice the size of related species, making it the largest species of glass frog in Central America (Leenders 2001). The eyes are silver with black reticulations, and are positioned on top of the large semicircular head so that the eyes point directly forward (Leenders 2001). The pupils are horizontally elliptical (Leenders 2001). This frog also has prominent, protuberant nostrils located on a slightly elevated ridge on its head (Leenders 2001). The tympanum is round and indistinct (Savage 2002). Vomerine teeth are present in transverse rows between the choanae and are medially separated (Savage 2002). The toes are extensively webbed, in contrast to the fingers, where more extensive webbing is present only between the outer fingers (III-V). (Savage 2002). Finger and toe discs are present and truncate (Savage 2002). Males have a white nuptial pad on the dorsal and outer lateral surfaces at the base of the thumb (Savage 2002), and a humeral spine embedded within the arm musculature (i.e. non-protruding) and running approximately parallel to the humerus (Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007).Centrolene ilex has a deep leaf green body, with a light green or white throat and belly, and a distinct white lip stripe (Leenders 2001; Savage 2002). Occasionally, scattered white dots are present on the dorsum (Leenders 2001). This frog also has yellowish hands and feet (Leenders 2001). The bones are dark green, a characteristic shared with other centrolenid frogs and one genus of hylid frogs, Trachycephalus (treated under the name Phrynohyas in Savage 2002). Sachatamia ilex has a white, parietal peritoneal sheath covering its internal organs (Leenders 2001). The digestive tract itself is unpigmented (Savage 2002).A Spanish-language species account can be found at the website of Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) (http://darnis.inbio.ac.cr/FMPro?-DB=UBIpub.fp3&-lay=WebAll&-Format=/ubi/detail.html&-Op=bw&id=4380&-Find).

Наводи

  • Cisneros-Heredia, D. F., and McDiarmid, R. W. (2007). ''Revision of the characters of Centrolenidae (Amphibia: Anura: Athesphatanura), with comments on its taxonomy and the description of new taxa of glassfrogs.'' Zootaxa, 1572, 1-82.
  • IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. 2006. Global Amphibian Assessment. www.globalamphibians.org. Accessed on 21 July 2007.

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Distribution and Habitat ( англиски )

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Sachatamia ilex occurs in Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. It is found mainly in the foothills of the Central and Talamanca Mountain ranges, as well as in a few locations on the northern Pacific slopes, at elevations up to 1420 m above sea level (Stuart et al. 2008). Within Ecuador it has been reported from the northern Pacific lowlands in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Pichincha, at 180-800 m in elevation (Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007).It inhabits primary and secondary wet forests, and is found on large low-lying leaves, often in the spray zone of waterfalls or streams (Stuart et al. 2008; Leenders 2001).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( англиски )

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The Ghost Glass Frog is nocturnal and arboreal, and is not common (Leenders, 2001). During the daytime it sleeps on the top surface of exposed leaves (Leenders 2001). It is able to vary the intensity of its green coloration to match the substrate on which it is resting (Leenders 2001). Males call from the upper side of leaves, usually with the head facing the tip of the leaf (Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid 2007). The call consists of a single high-pitched "click", repeated after intervals of several minutes (Savage 2002). Females deposit black eggs on upper leaf surfaces overhanging a stream (Savage 2002).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors ( англиски )

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This species requires vegetative cover over streams and is thus vulnerable to habitat loss by deforestation. It occurs within protected areas in Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia (Stuart et al. 2008).
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Centrolene ilex ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Centrolene ilex és una espècie de granota que viu a Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua i Panamà.

Referències

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Centrolene ilex: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Centrolene ilex és una espècie de granota que viu a Colòmbia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua i Panamà.

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Sachatamia ilex ( англиски )

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Sachatamia ilex is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in eastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, western Colombia (Pacific lowlands and the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental), and western Ecuador.[1][2][3][4] Common name Limon giant glass frog has been coined for this species, apparently in reference to its type locality in the canton of Limón, Costa Rica,[2] and it is also known as the ghost glass frog.[5]

Description

Adult males measure 27–29 mm (1.1–1.1 in) and females 28–34 mm (1.1–1.3 in) in snout–vent length.[3] The snout is truncate in lateral view. Both fingers and toes have webbing and there are adhesive discs on the tips of the digits. The dorsal skin is shagreen.[6] The dorsum is uniform dark green in color while the gular region and belly are creamy white. The iris is white or light gray with black reticulations.[3][5]

This frog is active at night. In the day it crouches on the upper side of a leaf, adjusting its colour to match the background.[5] The males call from the upper surfaces of the leaves near streams and may engage in fights. The eggs are black and are deposited on the upper surface of the leaves, and when they hatch, the larvae fall into the water below.[3]

Habitat and conservation

Its natural habitats are humid lowland and montane primary and secondary forests at elevations between 180 and 1,430 m (590 and 4,690 ft) above sea level. It is typically found within the splash zone of waterfalls and torrents, and in bushes and trees alongside forest streams, which is where it breeds. While habitat loss is a localized threat, it is not considered threatened as a species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Sachatamia ilex". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54920A3021199. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T54920A3021199.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Sachatamia ilex (Savage, 1967)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Guayasamin, J. M.; et al. (2012–2017). "Sachatamia ilex". Ron, S. R., Guayasamin, J. M., Yanez-Muñoz, M. H., Merino-Viteri, A., Ortiz, D. A. and Nicolalde, D. A. 2016. AmphibiaWebEcuador. Version 2016.0. Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Retrieved 30 April 2017.
  4. ^ Acosta Galvis, A. R.; D. Cuentas (2017). "Sachatamia ilex (Savage, 1967)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 30 April 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Halliday, Tim (2016). The Book of Frogs: A Life-Size Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-226-18465-4.
  6. ^ Guayasamin, Juan M.; Bustamante, Martin R.; Almeida-Reinoso, Diego; Funk, W. Chris (2006). "Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 147 (4): 489–513. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00223.x.
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Sachatamia ilex: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Sachatamia ilex is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in eastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, western Colombia (Pacific lowlands and the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental), and western Ecuador. Common name Limon giant glass frog has been coined for this species, apparently in reference to its type locality in the canton of Limón, Costa Rica, and it is also known as the ghost glass frog.

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Sachatamia ilex ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Sachatamia ilex es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Centrolenidae. Se encuentra en el oeste de Colombia, Costa Rica, el noroeste de Ecuador, este de Nicaragua y Panamá.

Referencias

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Sachatamia ilex: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Sachatamia ilex es una especie de anfibio anuro de la familia Centrolenidae. Se encuentra en el oeste de Colombia, Costa Rica, el noroeste de Ecuador, este de Nicaragua y Panamá.

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Sachatamia ilex ( баскиски )

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Sachatamia ilex Sachatamia generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Centrolenidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

Erreferentziak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Sachatamia ilex: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Sachatamia ilex Sachatamia generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Centrolenidae familian sailkatuta dago, Anura ordenan.

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Sachatamia ilex ( француски )

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Sachatamia ilex est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Centrolenidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce se rencontre de 60 à 1 420 d'altitude[1],[2] :

Description

 src=
Sachatamia ilex

Sachatamia ilex mesure jusqu'à 37 mm[3].

Publication originale

  • Savage, 1967 : A new tree-frog (Centrolenidae) from Costa Rica. Copeia, vol. 1967, no 2, p. 325-331.

Notes et références

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Sachatamia ilex: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Sachatamia ilex est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Centrolenidae.

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Centrolene ilex ( виетнамски )

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Centrolene ilex là một loài ếch trong họ Centrolenidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, và Panama. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, và sông. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Centrolene ilex: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

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Centrolene ilex là một loài ếch trong họ Centrolenidae. Nó được tìm thấy ở Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, và Panama. Các môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là các khu rừng ẩm ướt đất thấp nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, rừng mây ẩm nhiệt đới và cận nhiệt đới, và sông. Nó không được xem là bị đe dọa theo IUCN.

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