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Trophic Strategy ( англиски )

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Tamias cinereicollis spends much of its day collecting and storing seeds, which are its most important source of food. These chipmunks often forage on the ground and they easily climb trees and shrubs to harvest nuts and fruits.

The diet of T. cinereicollis consists of various kinds of nuts, berries, and seeds. Mushrooms, cherry and plum pits, insects, worms and carrion are also consumed. Rare instances of T. cinereicollis preying on birds or small mammals have been observed.

When these chipmunk prepare food for storage, they holds the seeds in their dexterous front paws and with their specialized incisors. Their incisors are especially long and directed forward. Tamias cinereicollis removes seeds from pods with its incisors, then uses its tongue to shift the seeds backward. It stuffs the seeds between its teeth and inside of its cheekpouches. The capacity of these cheekpouches increases with maturity. When they cheek pouches are full, a chipmunk deposits the seeds in its nest or buries them in shallow holes.

After hibernation, gray-collared chipmunks diligently search the ground for any seeds that remain from the previous summer. Since these are usually uncommon, T. cinereicollis may eat young leaves and shoots until new fruit and seeds become available (Corrigan, 1997; Schultz, 1995; Sheppard, 1990).

Animal Foods: birds; mammals

Plant Foods: leaves; roots and tubers; wood, bark, or stems; seeds, grains, and nuts

Foraging Behavior: stores or caches food

Primary Diet: herbivore (Granivore )

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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Benefits ( англиски )

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These animals are not reported to have a positive impact on human economies.

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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Benefits ( англиски )

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Chipmunks can be serious destructive pests when they become numerous around homes and gardens. The burrowing activity of chipmunks can cause significant structural damage by undermining foundations, concrete patios and steps, retaining walls and sidewalks. They may also be destructive to gardens when they dig up and eat bulbs and seeds or attack garden fruits. When they become over-abundant, gray-collared chipmunks can prevent normal reforestation of some trees, especially pines, by eating their seeds. When this occurs, they have to be trapped by humans.

Rodents, such as T. cinereicollis, have also been associated as being carriers of the hantavirus in the southwestern United States. Human infection may occur when infective saliva or excreta are inhaled as aerosols produced directly from the animal. Persons have also become infected after being bitten by rodents (Corrigan, 1997; Healthtouch, 1997; Sheppard, 1990).

Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, carries human disease); crop pest; household pest

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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Conservation Status ( англиски )

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Gray-collared chipmunks are not in any danger of going extinct any time soon. In fact, this species experiences only tiny fluctuations in its population from year to year. These fluctuations have been attributed to predators such as hawks, weasels, coyotes, martens, foxes, and snakes. Fighting during the breeding season is also a source of injury and death for many gray-collared chipmunks.

The most significant decrease in T. cinereicollis populations occurs during periods of food shortage such as when there is seed crop failure and chipmunks doesn't have enough food stored for hibernation. T. cinereicollis depends on stored food during the winter when it doesn't have access to seeds that are covered by snow, etc. (Shepppard, 1990).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Behavior ( англиски )

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Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Без наслов ( англиски )

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Gray-collared chipmuinks, along with many other chipmunks, have charming personalities. They charm campers and hikers with their small size, their boldness in search of food, and their constant activity. In fact, they are not hard to approach at all. They are easily persuaded to accept seeds or nuts from a person's hands (Sheppard, 1990).

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Associations ( англиски )

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Since chipmunks prey upon insects, their food habits influence the growth of various plants. Gray-collared chipmunks are also important in the dispersal of seeds because of their habit of storing them beneath the layer of decaying vegetation on the forest floor. In this way, T. cinereicollis assist in the spread of shrubs, trees, and other plants. As a prey species, populations of T. cinereicollis may have some impact upon predator populations. (Corrigan, 1997; Sheppard, 1990).

Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds

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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Distribution ( англиски )

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Tamias cinereicollis is found all throughout central and eastern Arizona and central and southwest New Mexico in the United States (Findley, 1986; Nowak, 1991).

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Habitat ( англиски )

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These chipmunks are found primarily in coniferous forests at elevations between 1,950 abd 3,440 meters. They prefer mature woodlands and woodlot edges, but they also inhabit areas in and around suburban and rural homes such as around ornamental plantings, rockpiles, outbuildings and below patios and building foundations. Although they are mostly burrowing rodents, they regularly climb oak trees to gain access to rooftops (Best, 1999; Corrigan, 1997; Grzimek, 1990; Sheppard, 1990).

Range elevation: 1,950 to 3,440 m.

Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains

Other Habitat Features: urban ; suburban

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Morphology ( англиски )

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Tamias cinereicollis are easily recognized by the light and dark stripes on their back and head. They bear distinct facial markings and have only five dark stripes on their back. There is a distinct central line that extends forward onto the head. The gray-collared chipmunks are covered in shades of gray and share distinctive patterns of black, pale gray, and buff stripes. Tamias cinereicollis is one of the smaller chipmunks. It has a total length between 208 and 242 mm, with males measuring slightly smaller than females. Weights range between 55 and 70 g. It has a relatively long tail, comprising from 90 to 109 mm of the total length of the animal (Best, 1999; Grzimek, 1990; Sheppard, 1990).

Range mass: 55 to 70 g.

Range length: 208 to 242 mm.

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

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Associations ( англиски )

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Predators include as hawks, weasels, coyotes, martens, foxes, and snakes. Fighting during the breeding season is also a source of injury and death for many gray-collared chipmunks.

The most significant decrease in T. cinereicollis populations occurs during periods of food shortage such as when there is seed crop failure and the chipmunk doesn't have enough food stored for its hibernation. Tamias cinereicollis depends on this food during the winter when it doesn't have access to seeds that are covered by snow, etc. (Shepppard, 1990).

Known Predators:

  • hawks (Falconiformes)
  • owls (Strigiformes)
  • weasels and martens (Mustelinae)
  • coyotes (Canis latrans)
  • foxes (Vulpes)
  • snakes (Serpentes)
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Smith, C. 1999. "Tamias cinereicollis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Tamias_cinereicollis.html
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Reproduction ( англиски )

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Mating occurs two times a year, during early spring and again during the summer or early fall. There is a 30 to 31 day gestation period. Two to five young are born in the spring (early May) and again between August and October. They are born naked and blind. Young can eat solid foods by the age of 36 to 40 days, and are weaned by the age of 41 to 45 days. The young are sexually mature within one year and adults may live for up to three years. Young appear for the first time above ground when they are 2/3 full size. The babies are reared by the mother without any help from the fathers (Best, 1999; Corrigan, 1997; Sheppard, 1990).

Breeding interval: These animals usually breed twice yearly.

Breeding season: This species breeds in the spring as well as in summer or early fall.

Range number of offspring: 2 to 5.

Average gestation period: 30-31 days.

Range weaning age: 41 to 45 days.

Average time to independence: 45 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

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Tamias cinereicollis ( астурски )

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La esguil de pata anillada (Tamias cinereicollis) ye una especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Ye n'endemismu de los Estaos Xuníos y alcuéntrase namái nos bosque de coníferes de los estaos de Nuevu Méxicu y Arizona, a altitúes ente los 1.950 y los 3.440 msnm. Tien un tamañu promediu de 22,4 cm de llargu y pesa ente 55 y 70 g, siendo la fema un pocu más grande que'l machu. Aliméntense de too tipu de frutos, principalmente d'abiyotes.

Referencies

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias cinereicollis. En: UICN 2008. Llista Roxa d'Especies Amenazaes UICN. Consultáu'l 8 January 2009.
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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( астурски )

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La esguil de pata anillada (Tamias cinereicollis) ye una especie de mamíferu rucador esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Ye n'endemismu de los Estaos Xuníos y alcuéntrase namái nos bosque de coníferes de los estaos de Nuevu Méxicu y Arizona, a altitúes ente los 1.950 y los 3.440 msnm. Tien un tamañu promediu de 22,4 cm de llargu y pesa ente 55 y 70 g, siendo la fema un pocu más grande que'l machu. Aliméntense de too tipu de frutos, principalmente d'abiyotes.

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Esquirol llistat de collar gris ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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L'esquirol llistat de collar gris (Neotamias cinereicollis) és una espècie de rosegador de la família Sciuridae. És endèmica dels Estats Units, estant present únicament en els boscos de coníferes dels estats de Nou Mèxic i Arizona a altituds dels 1.950 als 3.440 metres. Tenen una grandària mitjana, mesurant al voltant de 224 mm i pesant entre els 55 als 70 g, sent les femelles una mica més grans que els mascles. S'alimenten de tota mena de vegetació, principalment de glans.

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Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen ( германски )

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Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias cinereicollis, Syn.: Neotamias cinereicollis) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Sie kommt in Teilen von Arizona und New Mexico in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.

Merkmale

Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen erreicht eine durchschnittliche Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 20,8 bis 24,3 Zentimetern, der Schwanz ist mit 8,0 bis 11,3 Zentimetern deutlich kürzer. Das Fell der Tiere ist blass-orange bis zimtfarben, auf dem Rücken befinden sich – wie für die Gattung typisch – fünf dunkelbraune bis schwarze Rückenstreifen, die durch hellere Streifen getrennt sind. Die Flanken unterhalb der untersten braunen Streifen sind rötlichbraun. Im Gesicht befinden sich zwei auffällige helle Steifen, die braun umrandet sind. Die Bauchseite ist weiß bis hell sandfarben. Die Wangen, der Nacken, die Schultern und der Rumpf sind blassgrau, der Schwanz ist grau durchwaschen mit orangebraunen Anteilen.[1]

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitungsgebiet des Grauhals-Streifenhörnchens

Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen kommt in Teilen von Arizona und New Mexico in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.[1][2]

Lebensweise

Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen lebt in den offenen Bereichen und der Randzone von Kiefern, Fichten- und Tannen-Beständen der Höhenlagen des Verbreitungsgebietes, die sich durch ein gemäßigtes und gleichmäßig feuchtes Mikroklima auszeichnen. In tieferen Lagen bevorzugen die Tiere Kiefern-, Douglasfichten- und Eichen-Wacholder-Bestände.[1]

Die Art ist tagaktiv und primär bodenlebend, als gute Kletterer besteigen Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen jedoch auch die Bäume und suchen dort nach Nahrung. Die Tiere ernähren sich vor allem herbivor von Samen von Kräutern und Gräsern, den Zapfen der Nadelbäume, Bucheckern, Früchten, Pilzen und grünen Vegetationsanteilen, selten auch von Insekten. Manchmal werden Vorräte gesammelt und Lager zwischen Holzstapeln oder in Baumhöhlungen und Felsspalten angelegt. Sie können einen Winterschlaf halten oder fallen bei extrem kalten Temperaturen in einen kurzen Torpor, der an wärmeren Wintertagen unterbrochen wird. Die Hauptaktivitätsperiode liegt zwischen März und November, an denen sie sich tagsüber außerhalb des Nestes aufhalten; im Winter kommen sie nur an warmen Tagen aus dem Nest. Die Nester werden unter Holzstapeln, Baumstümpfen und Wurzeln angelegt, gelegentlich nutzen die Tiere auch verlassene Spechthöhlen in Baumstämmen.[1] Häufig sitzen die Tiere aufrecht auf ihren Hinterbeinen auf Holzstapeln oder Baumstümpfen und beobachten die Umgebung. Wenn keine Bedrohung vorhanden ist, signalisieren sie dies durch ruhige „chucks“, bei Gefahr stoßen sie dagegen einen schrillen und abgehackten Schrei aus.[1]

Die Fortpflanzungszeit liegt im späten Frühjahr bis Frühsommer. Die Weibchen werfen in der ersten Junihälfte nach einer Tragzeit von 30 Tagen vier bis sechs, meist fünf, Jungtiere. Diese werden von den Weibchen 41 bis 45 Tage gesäugt und kommen Ende Juli zum ersten Mal aus dem Nest.[1]

Systematik

Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen wird als eigenständige Art innerhalb der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias) eingeordnet, die aus 25 Arten besteht.[3] Die wissenschaftliche Erstbeschreibung stammt von Joel Asaph Allen aus dem Jahr 1890, der die Art anhand von Individuen aus den San Francisco Peaks im Coconino County, Arizona, einführte.[4][3] Innerhalb der Streifenhörnchen wird das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen gemeinsam mit den meisten anderen Arten der Untergattung Neotamias zugeordnet, die auch als eigenständige Gattung diskutiert wird.[5]

Innerhalb der Art werden mit der Nominatform zwei Unterarten unterschieden:[1]

  • Tamias cinereicollis cinereicollis: Nominatform; kommt im östlich-zentralen Arizona und in New Mexico vor.
  • Tamias cinereicollis cinereus: kommt im westlich-zentralen New Mexico vor. Die Unterart ist im Vergleich zur Nominatform etwas blasser und mehr grau und besitzt kleine rötliche Flecken.

Status, Bedrohung und Schutz

Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen wird von der International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) als „nicht gefährdet“ (least concern) eingeordnet.[2] Begründet wird dies mit dem vergleichsweise großen Verbreitungsgebiet und dem regelmäßigen Auftreten, potenzielle bestandsgefährdende Risiken sind nicht vorhanden.[2] Die Art profitiert von moderatem Holzeinschlag und einer Ausdünnung der Wälder, durch den vollständigen Waldverlust kam es jedoch lokal zu einem Rückgang der Bestände.[1]

Belege

  1. a b c d e f g h Richard W. Thorington Jr., John L. Koprowski, Michael A. Steele: Squirrels of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2012; S. 320–321. ISBN 978-1-4214-0469-1
  2. a b c Neotamias cinereicollis in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2015.3. Eingestellt von: A.V. Linzey & NatureServe (G. Hammerson), 2008. Abgerufen am 24. November 2015.
  3. a b Tamias (Neotamias) cinereicollis In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Hrsg.): Mammal Species of the World. A taxonomic and geographic Reference. 2 Bände. 3. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  4. Joel Asaph Allen: A review of some of the North American ground squirrels of the genus Tamias. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 3, 1890; S. 45–116. (Volltext, Beschreibung der Art auf S. 94–96)
  5. Bruce D. Patterson, Ryan W. Norris: Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks. Mammalia 80 (3), Mai 2016; S. 241–251 doi:10.1515/mammalia-2015-0004

Literatur

Weblinks

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Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Das Grauhals-Streifenhörnchen (Tamias cinereicollis, Syn.: Neotamias cinereicollis) ist eine Hörnchenart aus der Gattung der Streifenhörnchen (Tamias). Sie kommt in Teilen von Arizona und New Mexico in den Vereinigten Staaten vor.

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Gray-collared chipmunk ( англиски )

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The gray-collared chipmunk (Neotamias cinereicollis) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae.[2] It is endemic to Arizona and New Mexico in the United States.[1]

Description

The gray-collared chipmunk grows to a total length of about 225 mm (9 in) including a tail of around 98 mm (4 in). The forehead is greyish-brown and the side of the head bears three dark stripes, the central one of which passes through the eye. These are separated by bands of white. The cheeks, neck, shoulders, upper back, and rump are grey. The rest of the upper surface of the body is yellowish-brown with five black or dark brown stripes on the back and sides, though the outer pair of stripes may be difficult to distinguish. The underparts are pale yellowish-brown. The tail is black above and creamy-white below, both surfaces being tinged with buff. The feet are pinkish-buff. The gray face and collar distinguish this species from others in the genus Neotamias.[3]

Distribution and habitat

The gray-collared chipmunk inhabits mountain coniferous forests in central and eastern Arizona and in central and western New Mexico. Its range extends from the Bill Williams Mountains, San Francisco Mountains and White Mountains to the Datil Mountains, Magdalena Mountains and San Mateo Mountains. Its altitudinal range is 1,950 to 3,440 metres (6,400 to 11,290 ft) but it is primarily found between 2,100 and 3,300 metres (6,900 and 10,800 ft). The gray-collared chipmunk is found in ponderosa pine and spruce-fir forests, often up to the timberline. It is commonest where pine and Douglas fir intermix, and is also found in oak and juniper forests.[3]

Behavior

The gray-collared chipmunk climbs well and is both arboreal and terrestrial. It is found in clearings and at forest edges but also in dense woodland. It is rather shy and when alarmed retreats into cover, but when undisturbed often sits on a stump or fallen tree, gently waving its tail from side to side and uttering a "chuck-chuck-chuck" call. The alarm call is a rapidly repeated, high-pitched "chipper". It feeds mainly on acorns, fir cones, berries, and the seeds of plants, but it also consumes tubers and roots, the fruiting bodies of fungi, green plant material, and occasionally insects.[3] Most food is cached in holes and crevices for later use.[3]

Breeding takes place in late spring and early summer. The nest is made in a concealed location under a log or rock, among tree roots, or in a hole in a tree. It is ball-shaped and lined with the stems of grasses and weeds. A litter of about five young is born after a gestation period of about thirty days. The young are weaned at forty days or later. The gray-collared chipmunk sometimes hibernates in winter but at other times is active, even in snowy conditions. In bad weather it may remain in its nest making use of stored foodstuffs.[3]

Status

The gray-collared chipmunk is listed by the IUCN as being of "least concern". This is because within its range it is common, it faces no major threats and its population size appears to be steady. In a suitable habitat in Arizona it was estimated to be present at the rate of five individuals per hectare in April, increasing to twelve per hectare in August.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c Cassola, F. (2016). "Neotamias cinereicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42570A22267056. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T42570A22267056.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). "Family Sciuridae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 814. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ a b c d e Hilton, Clayton D.; Best, Troy L. (1993). "Tamias cinereicollis". Mammalian Species (436): 1–5. doi:10.2307/3504235. JSTOR 3504235.
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Gray-collared chipmunk: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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The gray-collared chipmunk (Neotamias cinereicollis) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to Arizona and New Mexico in the United States.

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Tamias cinereicollis ( шпански; кастиљски )

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La ardilla de pata anillada (Tamias cinereicollis) es una especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Es endémica de los Estados Unidos y se encuentra únicamente en los bosques de coníferas de los estados de Nuevo México y Arizona, a altitudes entre los 1950 y los 3.440 msnm. Tiene un tamaño promedio de 22,4 cm de largo y pesa entre 55 y 70 g, siendo la hembra un poco más grande que el macho. Se alimentan de todo tipo de frutos, principalmente de bellotas.

Referencias

  1. Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). «Tamias cinereicollis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2008 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2009.
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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

La ardilla de pata anillada (Tamias cinereicollis) es una especie de mamífero roedor esciuromorfo de la familia Sciuridae. Es endémica de los Estados Unidos y se encuentra únicamente en los bosques de coníferas de los estados de Nuevo México y Arizona, a altitudes entre los 1950 y los 3.440 msnm. Tiene un tamaño promedio de 22,4 cm de largo y pesa entre 55 y 70 g, siendo la hembra un poco más grande que el macho. Se alimentan de todo tipo de frutos, principalmente de bellotas.

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Tamias cinereicollis ( баскиски )

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Tamias cinereicollis Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. J. A. Allen (1890) Sciuridae Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 94. or..

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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Tamias cinereicollis Tamias generoko animalia da. Karraskarien barruko Xerinae azpifamilia eta Sciuridae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Tamias cinereicollis ( фински )

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Tamias cinereicollis tai Neotamias cinereicollis on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä. Se on kotoperäinen Arizonan ja New Mexicon osavaltiossa, Yhdysvalloissa.[1]

Lähteet

  1. a b Linzey, A.V. & NatureServe (Hammerson, G.): Tamias cinereicollis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 30.6.2014. (englanniksi)
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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( фински )

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Tamias cinereicollis tai Neotamias cinereicollis on maaoravien sukuun kuuluva jyrsijä. Se on kotoperäinen Arizonan ja New Mexicon osavaltiossa, Yhdysvalloissa.

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Tamia à cou gris ( француски )

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Tamias cinereicollis

Le Tamia à cou gris (Tamias cinereicollis) est une espèce de Tamias d'Amérique du Nord. Ce sont des petits rongeurs proches des écureuils, appartenant comme ces derniers à la famille des Sciuridae. On le rencontre aux États-Unis dans l’Arizona et le Nouveau Mexique.

Description

Le tamia à cou gris mesure entre 20,8 cm et 24,2 cm, pour un poids de 55 à 70 g, les femelles étant plus grosses que les mâles[1].

Les tamias à cou gris sont reconnaissables par leurs cinq rayures noires sur leur dos. De plus, trois rayures s'étendent de chaque côté de la tête. Le pelage de ces animaux est constitué de nuances de gris, avec, sur les flancs, des poils de couleur cuivre. Ces tamias possèdent une longue queue, comprenant entre 10,9 cm, de leur longueur totale[2].

Habitat et répartition

Cette espèce vit dans les montagnes de l'Arizona et du Nouveau Mexique, aux États-Unis. Ils vivent à environ 3 440 conifères[3]. Ils peuvent aussi vivre près des habitations.

Préférant vivre au sol, ils montent aussi aux arbres, à la recherche de graines, et sur le toit des habitations.

Comportement

Mode de vie

Tamias cinereicollis est actif le matin et le soir. Ce sont des animaux solitaires, défendant leur territoire (environ 15 m) sauf durant la période de reproduction.

Lorsque la température baisse, ils entrent en hibernation jusqu'à la fin de l'hiver. Les mâles sont les premiers à sortir de l'hibernation. Les femelles en sortent quelques semaines plus tard, alors que les mâles cherchent une partenaire.

Les tamias vivent dans de longs et tortueux tunnels, composés de chambres, garde-mangers et de nombreuses autres pièces[2].

Reproduction

La période de reproduction s'étend durant tout le printemps et le début de l'été. Après 30 jours de gestation, la femelle met bas à 4-6 petits nus et aveugles. Âgés de 36 à 40 jours, les petits peuvent manger de la nourriture solide. Le père ne joue aucun rôle dans l’élevage de sa progéniture[2].

Ils atteignent leur maturité au bout d'un an.

Alimentation

Ces petits écureuils passent la majorité de leur temps à chercher de la nourriture. Ils se nourrissent surtout de graines,de baies et peuvent manger des racines, des insectes ou des vers de terre.

Interaction écologique

Prédateur

Ses principaux prédateurs, sont l'aigle, le hiboux, les renards, les coyotes, les martes et les serpents.

Rôle écologique

Comme de nombreux rongeurs, les tamias jouent un rôle important dans la dispersion des graines, en particulier de diverses essences de conifères. Ils ont aussi une importance dans la chaîne alimentaire comme nourriture de base pour les espèces carnivores.

Ils peuvent causer de sérieux dégâts dans les plantations et jardins en mangeant les graines et les fruits. De plus, ils peuvent être porteurs de maladies et mordre les humains.

Ce n'est pas une espèce menacée, et même si abondante qu'il est nécessaire de réguler leur population.

Notes et références

  1. (en) « Gray-collared Chipmunk », sur naturalhistory.si.edu (consulté le 22 mars 2017)
  2. a b et c (en) « gray-collared chipmunk », sur animaldiversity.org (consulté le 22 mars 2017)
  3. (en) « Neotamias cinereicollis », sur www.iucnredlist.org (consulté le 22 mars 2017)
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Tamia à cou gris: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Tamias cinereicollis

Le Tamia à cou gris (Tamias cinereicollis) est une espèce de Tamias d'Amérique du Nord. Ce sont des petits rongeurs proches des écureuils, appartenant comme ces derniers à la famille des Sciuridae. On le rencontre aux États-Unis dans l’Arizona et le Nouveau Mexique.

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Grijskraagchipmunk ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

De grijskraagchipmunk (Tamias cinereicollis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door J.A. Allen in 1890.

Voorkomen

De soort komt voor in de Verenigde Staten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Grijskraagchipmunk: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

De grijskraagchipmunk (Tamias cinereicollis) is een zoogdier uit de familie van de eekhoorns (Sciuridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door J.A. Allen in 1890.

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Tamias cinereicollis ( португалски )

добавил wikipedia PT

A tâmia-de-colarinho-cinza (Neotamias cinereicollis) é uma espécie de roedor da família Sciuridae.[2] É endémico do Arizona e Novo México nos Estados Unidos.[1]

Referências

  1. a b Linzey, A. V. & Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias cinereicollis (em inglês). IUCN 2008. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2008 . Página visitada em 30 de junho de 2008.
  2. Thorington, R. W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 754–818. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( португалски )

добавил wikipedia PT

A tâmia-de-colarinho-cinza (Neotamias cinereicollis) é uma espécie de roedor da família Sciuridae. É endémico do Arizona e Novo México nos Estados Unidos.

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Tamias cinereicollis ( шведски )

добавил wikipedia SV

Tamias cinereicollis[2][3][4][5][6][7] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av J.A.Allen 1890. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar.[8][9] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1]

Taxonomi

Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life,[8] medan Wilson & Reeder skiljer mellan två underarter:[4]

  • T. cinereicollis cinereicollis samt
  • T. cinereicollis cinereus

Beskrivning

Arten är en liten jordekorre med en längd mellan 21 och 24 cm av vilken svansen utgör mellan 9 och 11 cm, samt en vikt mellan 55 och 70 g. Honan är något större än hanen.[10] Ekorren har blekt brungrå grundfärg med ljusa och mörka strimmor på huvud och rygg. Ryggstrimmorna är fem till antalet, tre svarta eller bruna, och två vitaktiga. Den centrala strimman når fram till huvudet, medan de yttersta strimmorna ibland kan vara otydliga. Pannan är brun med grå toner. Även kinder, nacke, skuldror och bakdelen är grå, medan buken är ljus. Hos underarten T. cinereicollis cinereicollis är hjässan ljust gulbrungrå och kroppens sidor ljust gulbruna; hos underarten T. cinereicollis cinereus är hjässan ljusgrå blandat med kanelbrunt och kroppssidorna mer gråaktiga än hos den förra underarten. Hos båda underarterna är sommar- och vinterpäls lika, med undantag av att sidor och svansspets är ljusare hos T. cinereicollis cinereus under vintern.[10][11]

Ekologi

Ekorren är en bergsart som lever på höjder mellan 1 950 och 3 440 m, vanligast i intervallet 2 100 till 3 300 m. Den förekommer främst i skogsbryn och gläntor i barrskog, men kan även på vissa håll påträffas i blandskog med ek och en.[1] Den kan även påträffas bland bebyggelse på landsbygd och i förorter. Den klättrar gärna i träd, och utnyttjar stubbar och timmerstockar som utsiktspunkter. Bona förläggs underjordiskt nära buskage, timmerstockar, stubbar eller byggnader. De är förhållandevis komplexa, med en huvudtunnel på 6 till 9 m, en bokammare, en till två förrådskammare, flera sidogångar och flera utgångar.[10] Den kan också inrätta sitt bo i ihåliga träd, exempelvis i övergivna hackspettbon.[1] Arten är dagaktiv och hävdar revir, utom under parningstiden. Den faller inte i någon egentlig vinterdvala, men håller sig inaktiva från höst till tidig vår (kring början av mars). Det händer dock att den kommer fram under varma vinterdagar.[10]

Föda och predation

Arten är allätare, men med betoning på växtföda. Stapelfödan är frön, men den tar även nötter, bär, körsbärs- och plommonkärnor, svamp, insekter, maskar och as. Sällsynt förekommer även smådäggdjur och fåglar i födan.[10]

Själv utgör arten föda åt prärievargar, mårdar, rävar, hökar, ugglor och ormar.[10]

Fortplantning

Arten är könsmogen vid ett års ålder. Den fortplantar sig två gånger per år, under tidig vår och under sommar till tidig höst. Honan är dräktig i 30 till 31 dagar innan hon föder två till fem, outvecklade, nakna och blinda ungar, som tages hand om modern ensam. Vid mellan 36 och 40 dagars ålder börjar de äta fast föda, och vid 41 till 45 dagars åler är de avvanda.[10]

Utbredning

Arten förekommer i bergen i centrala till mellersta Arizona och centrala och sydvästra New Mexico.[1]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d e] Amori, G., Koprowski, J. & Roth, L. 2008 Tamias cinereicollis Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 9 januari 2016.
  2. ^ (1996) , database, NODC Taxonomic Code
  3. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) , Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada
  4. ^ [a b] Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., Tamias (Neotamias) cinereicollis Läst 14 januari 2016
  5. ^ (1998) , website, Mammal Species of the World
  6. ^ Wilson, Don E., and F. Russell Cole (2000) , Common Names of Mammals of the World
  7. ^ Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, Resource Publication, no. 166
  8. ^ [a b] Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A. (red.) (2015). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Naturalis, Leiden, Nederländerna. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/search/all/key/tamias+cinereicollis/match/1. Läst 14 januari 2016.
  9. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  10. ^ [a b c d e f g] Candace T. Smith (1999). Tamias cinereicollis gray-collared chipmunk” (på engelska). Animal Diversity Web (University of Michigan). http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tamias_cinereicollis/. Läst 14 januari 2016.
  11. ^ Clayton D. Hilton och Troy L. Best (23 april 1993). ”Tamias cinereicollis”. Mammalian Species No 436. The American Society of Mammalogists. http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-502-01-0001.pdf. Läst 9 januari 2016.

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Tamias cinereicollis: Brief Summary ( шведски )

добавил wikipedia SV

Tamias cinereicollis är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av J.A.Allen 1890. Den ingår i släktet jordekorrar och familjen ekorrar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.

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Sóc chuột cổ xám ( виетнамски )

добавил wikipedia VI

Sóc chuột cổ xám, tên khoa học Tamias cinereicollis, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được J. A. Allen mô tả năm 1890.[2] Chúng là loài đặc hữu của tiểu bang ArizonaNew Mexico (Mỹ).

Chú thích

  1. ^ Linzey, A. V.; Hammerson, G. (2008). Tamias cinereicollis. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2014.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 8 năm 2014.
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Tamias cinereicollis”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo

  • Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.


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Sóc chuột cổ xám: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

добавил wikipedia VI

Sóc chuột cổ xám, tên khoa học Tamias cinereicollis, là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Sóc, bộ Gặm nhấm. Loài này được J. A. Allen mô tả năm 1890. Chúng là loài đặc hữu của tiểu bang ArizonaNew Mexico (Mỹ).

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회색목도리다람쥐 ( корејски )

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회색목도리다람쥐(Neotamias cinereicollis)는 다람쥐과에 속하는 설치류의 일종이다.[2] 미국 애리조나주뉴멕시코주의 토착종이다.[1]

특징

회색목도리다람쥐는 꼬리 길이 약 98mm를 포함하여 전체 몸길이가 약 225mm이다. 이마는 회색빛 갈색이고, 머리 옆면에 3줄의 짙은 줄무늬가 있으며 가운데 줄무늬는 눈을 지나간다. 별도로 흰색 띄가 있다. 뺨과 목, 어깨, 등 윗쪽과 엉덩이 부분이 회색을 띤다. 몸 윗쪽 나머지 부분은 누르스름한 갈색이고, 검거나 짙은 갈색 줄무늬가 등과 옆구리에 나 있으며 바깥쪽 한 쌍의 줄무늬는 구별이 잘 안된다. 배 쪽은 연한 누르스름한 갈색이다. 꼬리 윗면은 검고 아랫면은 크림색 흰색이고, 두 표면 모두 담황색 색조를 띤다. 발은 핑크빛 담황색이다. 얼굴과 목덜미의 회색은 네오타미아스속 다른 종과 구별되는 특징이다.[3]

분포 및 서식지

회색목도리다람쥐는 애리조나주 중부와 동부 지역, 뉴멕시코주 중부와 서부 지역의 산악 지대 침엽수림에서 서식한다. 분포 지역은 빌 윌리엄스 산맥과 샌프란시스코 산맥, 화이트 산맥부터 다틸 산맥까지이다. 해발 1950~3440m 고도에서 발견되지만 2100~3300m 고도에서 주로 서식한다. 수림 한계선까지의 폰더로사소나무와 가문비나무 숲에서 발견되기도 한다. 소나무와 미송이 섞여 있는 지역에서 가장 흔하게 발견되며 참나무와 향나무 숲에서도 발견된다.[3]

습성

회색목도리다람쥐는 나무에 잘 오르며, 수상성 동물이면서 육상성 동물이다. 숲 가장자리 개간지에서 발견되지만 울창한 삼림 지대에서도 서식한다.

각주

  1. Tamias cinereicollis. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2014.2판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2014년 8월 30일에 확인함.
  2. Thorington, R.W., Jr.; Hoffman, R.S. (2005). 〈Family Sciuridae〉 [다람쥐과]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 814쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. Hilton, Clayton D.; Best, Troy L. (1993). “Tamias cinereicollis”. 《Mammalian Species》 436: 1–5. doi:10.2307/3504235. JSTOR 3504235.
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