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Physical Description ( англиски )

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Perennial, Trees, Wood y throughout, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Trunk or stems armed with thorns, spines or prickles, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves absent at flowering time, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules deciduous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Stipels present at base of leaflets, Leaflets 3, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Inflorescence terminal, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Bracteoles present, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 2-lipped or 2-lobed, Calyx hairy, Petals separate, Corolla papilionaceous, Petals clawed, Petals white, Petals greenish yellow, Petals orange or yellow, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Wing petals narrow, oblanceolate to oblong, Wing tips obtuse or round ed, Keel petals fused on sides or at tip, Stamens 9-10, Stamens monadelphous, united below, Filaments glabrous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit stipitate, Fruit unilocular, Fruit tardily or weakly dehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit compressed between seeds, Fruit torulose or moniliform, strongly constricted between seeds, Fruit beaked, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 1-seeded, Fruit 2-seeded, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds red, or scarlet and black.
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Wiliwili ( германски )

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Blütenstand
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Hülsenfrüchte und Samen
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Stamm mit Stacheln

Der Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) ist eine auf Hawaii endemische Baumart aus der Gattung der Korallenbäume (Erythrina) innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae). Die Art zeichnet sich durch eine einzigartige, knorrige Gestalt aus und kann auf den beinahe unbewachsenen und sehr trockenen Lavafeldern überleben. Der Wiliwili droht zu verschwinden, da er durch den Mesquite-Baum Prosopis pallida verdrängt werden könnte.

Beschreibung

Der Wiliwili erreicht eine Höhe von 6 bis 10 Meter und einen Stammdurchmesser von 50 bis 60 Zentimeter. Als maximale Werte werden eine Höhe von 16,8 Meter und ein Stammdurchmesser (BHD) von 1,2 Meter angegeben. Der Stamm ist meist kurz und dick und oft krumm, die Krone ist ausladend mit starken und knorrigen Ästen. Die Zweige stehen beinahe waagrecht und haben gelb behaarte Spitzen. Sie zeigen große Blattnarben. Die Borke ist von gelbbrauner bis rotbrauner Farbe und vereinzelt mit schwarzen oder grauen bis zu einem Zentimeter langen Stacheln besetzt. Die innere Borkenschicht ist hellgelb.[1]

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 42.[2]

Blätter

Der Baum zeigt die für Korallenbäume typischen dreiteiligen und unpaarig gefiederten Blätter. Sie haben einen 9 bis 25 Zentimeter langen Stiel und sind wechselständig angeordnet. Die Fiederblättchen sind 4 bis 10 Zentimeter lang und 6 bis 15 Zentimeter breit. Sie sind kurz gestielt und haben einen breit dreieckigen Umriss mit einer waagrechten Basis. Das endständige Fiederblättchen ist das größte. Die Blattoberseite verkahlt, die Unterseite ist gelb behaart und hat deutlich sichtbare Blattadern. Am Grunde jedes Fiederblättchens befinden sich zwei punktförmige Drüsen, ein bis zwei weitere befinden sich an der Blattbasis.

Der Wiliwili verliert im Spätsommer oder im Herbst seine Blätter. Der Neuaustrieb erfolgt im Frühling, nachdem der Baum geblüht hat.[3]

Blüten

Die meist gelb oder orangefarbigen Blüten wachsen dicht gedrängt in etwa 15 Zentimeter langen Blütenständen. Die Blütenfarbe kann sich von Baum zu Baum unterscheiden. Die Einzelblüten haben kurze Stiele, der Kelch ist dicht gelb behaart, krugförmig, an einer Seite offen und etwa 15 Millimeter lang. Die Blütenkrone ist gelb, lachs- oder orangefarben und besteht aus einer 4 Zentimeter langen Fahne und vier weiteren, wesentlich kleineren Kronblättern (Flügel oder Schiffchen). Es werden zehn etwa 3 Zentimeter lange, gekrümmte, gelbe oder orangefarbene Staubblätter gebildet, wovon neun an den Staubfäden zusammengewachsen sind. Der Stempel hat einen schlanken Griffel und einen gestielten, schmalen und dicht behaarten Fruchtknoten.[3]

Früchte

Als Früchte werden 10 Zentimeter lange und 13 Millimeter breite, hartschalige und dunkelbraune Hülsenfrüchte gebildet. Sie laufen an den Enden spitz zu und öffnen sich bei Reife. Sie enthalten zwischen einem und fünf, meist zwei bohnenförmige und glänzend orangerote, 13 bis 15 Millimeter große Samen.[3]

Keimung

Die Keimung erfolgt epigäisch. Nach der Keimung bilden sich 6 Zentimeter große herzförmige Primärblätter. Nach sechs bis acht Wochen sind die Keimlinge 20 bis 30 Zentimeter hoch und tragen die für Korallenbäume typischen dreiteilig gefiederten Laubblätter.[3]

Chromosomenzahl

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 42.[4]

Verbreitung und Standortansprüche

Der Wiliwili war auf den Leeseiten aller größeren Inseln des Archipels (Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Hawaiʻi[2]) in Höhenlagen zwischen 150 und 600 Metern sehr häufig. Inzwischen sind nur wenige Standorte verblieben, die auf verwitterten Lavafeldern im Regenschatten der Gebirgsketten mit jährlichen Niederschlägen von etwa 500 Millimeter liegen. Unter diesen Bedingungen gedeiht auf Hawaii nur noch die eingeführte Art Prosopis pallida.[1]

Systematik

Der Wiliwili ist eine Art in der Gattung der Korallenbäume. Früher wurde er mit der nur auf Tahiti vorkommenden Art Erythrina tahitensis zu einer Art zusammengefasst.[1]

Verwendung

Der Wiliwili unterliegt keiner wirtschaftlichen Nutzung. Das Holz ist sehr weich und lässt sich nur schwer bearbeiten. Es hat die geringste Dichte aller Baumarten Hawaiis und wurde früher von der Bevölkerung für Ausleger an Kanus und als Schwimmer an Fischnetzen verwendet. Die orangeroten Samen werden in den traditionellen hawaiischen Kränzen (Lei) verwendet. Auch der Kranz, mit dem James Cook begrüßt wurde, enthielt solche Samen.[3]

Quellen

Literatur

  • Schütt, Weisgerber, Schuck, Lang, Stimm, Roloff: Bäume der Tropen. Nikol, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-933203-79-1, S. 309–312.

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Schütt et al.: Bäume der Tropen. S. 310
  2. a b Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg. In: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2009 (englisch).
  3. a b c d e Schütt et al.: Bäume der Tropen. S. 311
  4. Erythrina sandwicensis bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Weblinks

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– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
  • Erythrina sandwicensis. In: Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2009 (englisch).
  • Forest & Kim Starr: Erythrina sandwicensis. In: Plants of Hawaii. Hawaiian Ecosystem at Risk Project (HEAR), abgerufen am 20. Februar 2009 (englisch, mit vielen Fotos).
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Wiliwili: Brief Summary ( германски )

добавил wikipedia DE
 src= Blütenstand  src= Hülsenfrüchte und Samen  src= Stamm mit Stacheln

Der Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis) ist eine auf Hawaii endemische Baumart aus der Gattung der Korallenbäume (Erythrina) innerhalb der Unterfamilie der Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae). Die Art zeichnet sich durch eine einzigartige, knorrige Gestalt aus und kann auf den beinahe unbewachsenen und sehr trockenen Lavafeldern überleben. Der Wiliwili droht zu verschwinden, da er durch den Mesquite-Baum Prosopis pallida verdrängt werden könnte.

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Wiliwili ( англиски )

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Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), is a species of tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. It is the only species of Erythrina that naturally occurs there. It is typically found in Hawaiian tropical dry forests on leeward island slopes up to an elevation of 600 m (2,000 ft).

Wiliwili means "repeatedly twisted" in the Hawaiian language and refers to the seedpods, which dehisce, or twist open, to reveal the seeds.

Description

Wiliwili trees grow to a height of 4.5–9 m (15–30 ft) with a gnarled and stout trunk that reaches 0.3–0.9 m (0.98–2.95 ft) in diameter. The bark is smooth, slightly fissured, and covered in gray or black spines up to 1 cm (0.39 in) in length. The bark on the main trunk of mature trees has a distinct orange cast,[1] which is caused by a terrestrial alga.[2]

The wiliwili is summer (dry season) drought deciduous. The dry season usually begins in late April or in May, and trees in the wild typically lose all of their leaves before they bloom.[3] Trees in cultivation may retain much of their foliage through blooming time.[4] The flowers appear in the first half of the dry season, from April through July.[1] They form on horizontal or nearly horizontal racemes that are 7.5–15 cm (3.0–5.9 in) long. The flower color may be orange, yellow, salmon, greenish or whitish.[1] Sometimes all of these colors occur in a single population. The standard petal is erect, not enclosing the other petals. Like all of the erythrinas, the wiliwili is pollinated by birds.[5] The horizontal raceme and the erect standard are adaptations to pollination by passerine birds.[6] Many other erythrinas are pollinated by hummingbirds, which do not occur in Hawaii.

Pods develop and persist on the tree, with the seeds remaining attached long after the pods have opened. The seeds are dislodged by heavy downpours that generally start around November in the islands. Many seeds germinate quickly, and a well-established seedling can grow to 4 ft (1.2 m) in height before the start of the next dry season.

That the wiliwili bears spines is unusual for a species that has evolved in the isolated Hawaiian Islands, without the presence of ungulates or other large herbivores. Many plants in the islands have consequently evolved away the protection of spines. The wiliwili is thought to be closely related to E. tahitensis, a tree endemic to the Tahitian Archipelago, and E. velutina, a widespread species found in tropical South America and the Caribbean.[3]

Distribution

Wiliwili is occasionally seen in cultivation in Hawaiʻi. It is easily propagated from cuttings.[7] Seven other species of Erythrina were under general cultivation in the Hawaiian Islands, but have been mostly extirpated by the alien gall wasp (see Conservation, below).[4] They were popular street trees in dry areas and windbreaks on fields. At least 80 others have been known in botanical gardens there.[8] No non-native species of Erythrina is known to be naturalized in Hawaiʻi.[3]

The wiliwili is distinguished from the other seven cultivated species by a pod with only one to three red or yellow-orange seeds, which sink in water;[9] non-native Erythrina have pods with larger numbers of brown seeds, which float in water. [10]

Uses

Native Hawaiians made a number of items from wiliwili wood because of its low density, such as mouo (fishing net floats), ama (outrigger canoe floats,[11] and extremely long papa heʻe nalu (surfboards) called olo. Olo, which averaged 18 feet (5.5 m), were exclusively ridden by aliʻi (royalty).[12] The wood was sometimes used for the waʻa (hull) of outrigger canoes intended to be used near-shore, for recreation, or for training.[13] The shiny orange-red seeds were strung into lei.[1]

Conservation

Like many other native species in Hawaiʻi, the wiliwili is threatened by competition with non-native species that are free of the diseases, parasites, and herbivores that constrain them in their original habitats.

It was additionally reported in December 2005[14] that the Hawaiian wiliwili population was under immediate threat due to an infestation by a gall wasp,[15] Quadrastichus erythrinae, which had been first reported in Hawaiʻi in April of that year. This invasive species appears to have arrived in Hawaiʻi via southern Taiwan, Singapore and southern China within only two years. This species was not previously known to science and was formally named and described in 2004.[16] It is thought to have originated in Africa, and the means of its rapid dispersal across South Asia, the Pacific, and southern North America is not understood.[17] The majority of trees of introduced Erythrina species have died as a result of gall wasp infestation. Native wiliwili forests have also been hard hit, particularly Puʻu o Kali on the island of Maui - prior to 2001, the best remaining example of a Hawai'i low elevation dryland forest ecosystem. The USGS-Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center study site now documents the destructive impact of two invasive insect species (African bruchid beetle Specularius impressithorax and erythrina gall wasp) on Erythrina sandwicensis.[18]

A parasitoid wasp, Eurytoma erythrinae, was released by the Hawaiʻi Department of Agriculture in December 2008 as a biocontrol to minimize the damaging effects of Quadrastichus. Eurytoma wasps lay their eggs in the galls created by Quadrastichus wasps. Eurytoma larvae hatch faster than Quadrastichus larvae, on which they exclusively feed.[19] The introduction of Eurytoma has reduced the population of Quadrastichus to a point where the wiliwili trees no longer die, but still have a much reduced production of viable seeds. That's largely because Eurytoma larvae need to feed on multiple Quadrastichus to complete their development, and egg-laying female Eurytoma therefore ignore small isolated galls containing a single larva. The Hawaii Departments of Agriculture and of Land & Natural Resources therefore plan to introduce a second parasitoid wasp from Africa, Aprostocetus nitens. The smaller A. nityens completes its development feeding from a single Quadrastichus larva, and it is therefore expected to complement Eurytoma by targeting isolated larvae.[20]

History

The genus Erythrina was established by Linnaeus in 1753 in his book, Species Plantarum.[21] The name means "red", a reference to the flower color of some of the well-known species.

In 1786, in his book Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck originated the name Erythrina monosperma for a Leguminous tree from India and Southeast Asia.[22] That tree has been known as Butea monosperma ever since William Roxburgh created the genus Butea in 1795.

Unaware of Lamarck's name, Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré created the name Erythrina monosperma for the Hawaiian Erythrina in 1830 in his book Voyage of the Uranus.[23]

In 1841, William Jackson Hooker and George Arnott used Gaudichaud's name in their book, The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage.[24]

Gaudichaud's name, Erythrina monosperma, was used by most of those who described the Hawaiian species of Erythrina throughout the nineteenth century, including William Hillebrand.[25]

In 1932, Otto Degener created the name Erythrina sandwicensis to replace Erythrina monosperma.[7] He stated no reason for the name change. He presented a more complete synonymy than the one given here. Erythrina sandwicensis is the name that has been used since 1932.

Wiliwili hula chant

Auwe! Pau au i ka manō nui, e!
Lala-kea niho pa-kolu.
Pau ka papa-ku o Lono.
O ka ai ia e ka manō nui,
O Niuhi maka ahi,
Olapa i ke kai lipo.
Ahu e! au-we!
A pua ka wiliwili,
A nanahu ka manō
Auwe! pau ai i ka mano nui!
Kai uli, kai ele,
Kai popolohua o Kane.
A lealea au i kaʻu hula,
Pau au i ka manō nui!
Alas! I am seized by the shark, great shark!
Lala-kea with triple-banked teeth.
The stratum of Lono is gone,
Torn up by the monster shark,
Niuhi with fiery eyes,
That flamed in the deep blue sea.
Alas! and alas!
When the flowers of the wiliwili tree,
That is the time when the shark-god bites.
Alas! I am seized by the huge shark!
O blue sea, O dark sea,
Foam-mottled sea of Kane!
What pleasure I took in my dancing!
Alas! now consumed by the monster shark![10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Elbert L. Little Jr. & Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "Wiliwili" (PDF). Common Forest Trees of Hawaii. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  2. ^ "Erythrina sandwicensis (Fabaceae) - wiliwili". Cal Poly Pomona Questad Lab.
  3. ^ a b c Warren L. Wagner, Derral R. Herbst, and Sy H. Sohmer. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, Revised Edition, 1999. Bishop Museum Press: Hololulu
  4. ^ a b George W. Staples and Derral R. Herbst. 2005. "A Tropical Garden Flora" Bishop Museum Press: Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 978-1-58178-039-0
  5. ^ Anne Bruneau. 1996. "Phylogenetic and Biogeographical Patterns in Erythrina (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae) as Inferred from Morphological and Chloroplast DNA Characters". Systematic Botany 21(4):587-605.
  6. ^ Anne Bruneau. 1997. "Evolution and Homology of Bird Pollination Syndromes in Erythrina (Leguminosae). American Journal of Botany 84(1):54-71.
  7. ^ a b Otto Degener. 1932. Flora Hawaiiensis book 5, family 169. (no page numbers).
  8. ^ Clyde T. Imada, George W. Staples, and Derral R. Herbst. undated. Erythrina At: "Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawaii" At: Botany Databases At: Hawaii Biological Survey (see External links below.)
  9. ^ Carlquist, S. 1966. The Biota of Long-Distance Dispersal. III. Loss of Dispersibility in the Hawaiian Flora. Brittonia 18(4):310-335
  10. ^ a b "wiliwili". Hawaii Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  11. ^ "Erythrina sandwicensis (Fabaceae)". Meet the Plants. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
  12. ^ Ben Marcos; Juliana Morais; Jeff Divine & Gary Linden (2007). The Surfboard: Art, Style, Stoke. MBI Publishing Company. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-0-7603-2753-1.
  13. ^ A.C. Medeiros C.F. Davenport & C.G. Chimera (1998). "Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest" (PDF). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa: 38–39. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ Carolyn Gramling (16 December 2005). "Hawaii's Coral Trees Feel the Sting of Foreign Wasps". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 310 (5755): 1759–1760. doi:10.1126/science.310.5755.1759. PMID 16357239. S2CID 39557367.
  15. ^ Dennis Hollier (March 2007). "The Seed Savers". Hana Hou!. Pacific Travelogue Inc. 10 (1).
  16. ^ I.K. Kim, G. Delvare, and J. La Salle. 2004. "A new species of Quadrastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): A gall-inducing pest on Erythrina (Fabaceae)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 13:243-249.
  17. ^ Daniel Rubinoff, Brenden S. Holland, Alexandra Shibata, Russell H. Messing, and Mark G. Wright. 2010. "Rapid Invasion Despite Lack of Genetic Variation in the Erythrina Gall Wasp (Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim)" Pacific Science 64(1):23-31.
  18. ^ "Limiting factors for dryland forest restoration on Maui Island, Hawaii". USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. USGS. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  19. ^ Shannon Wianecki (March 2009). "Saving the Wiliwili". Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine. Haynes Publishing Group. 13 (2).
  20. ^ KEHAULANI CERIZO (Dec 30, 2019). "New wasp could help to protect crucial native trees". Maui Nō Ka ʻOi Magazine. Haynes Publishing Group.
  21. ^ Carolus Linnaeus. 1753. Species Plantarum 2:706. Laurentii Salvii. (see External Links below).
  22. ^ Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. 1786. Encyclopédie Méthodique: Botanique 2(1):391-392. In: Encyclopédie Méthodique par ordre de matieres. (see External links below).
  23. ^ Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré. 1830. Voyage de l'Uranie. Botanique (full title: Voyage autour du Monde, entrepris par Ordre du Roi, . . . Execute sur les Corvettes de S.M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne . . . par M. Louis de Freycinet. Botanique . . .) page 486 and table 114.
  24. ^ William Jackson Hooker and George Arnott Walker-Arnott. 1841. The Botany of Captain Beechey's Voyage part 2, page 81. (see External links below).
  25. ^ William Hillebrand. 1888. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: ···:99. (reprinted by Lubrecht & Cramer in 1981). (see External links below.)

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Wiliwili: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicensis), is a species of tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. It is the only species of Erythrina that naturally occurs there. It is typically found in Hawaiian tropical dry forests on leeward island slopes up to an elevation of 600 m (2,000 ft).

Wiliwili means "repeatedly twisted" in the Hawaiian language and refers to the seedpods, which dehisce, or twist open, to reveal the seeds.

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Erythrina sandwicensis ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Erythrina sandwicensis, es una especie de árbol perteneciente a la familia de las fabáceas que es endémica de las Islas Hawái. Es la única especie de Erythrina que naturalmente se produce allí. Se encuentra normalmente en los bosques tropicales secos en sotavento de la isla hasta una altura de 600 metros.

 src=
Detalle de las flores

Descripción

Erythrina sandwicensis alcanza un tamaño de 4.5-9 m de altura con un nudoso y robusto tronco que alcanza 0,3-0,9 m de diámetro. La corteza es lisa, ligeramente fisurada, y cubierta de espinas de color gris o negro de hasta 1 cm de longitud. La corteza en el tronco de los árboles maduros cuenta con un elenco naranja distinto.

Conservación

Al igual que otras especies indígenas de Hawái, se ve amenazada por la competencia con las especies no nativas que están libres de las enfermedades, parásitos y herbívoros que les limitan en sus originales hábitats.

Taxonomía

Erythrina sandwicensis fue descrita por Otto Degener y publicado en Fl. Hawaiiensis 169C. 1932.[1][2]

Etimología

Erythrina: nombre genérico que proviene del griego ερυθρóς (erythros) = "rojo", en referencia al color rojo intenso de las flores de algunas especies representativas.[3]

sandwicensis: epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en las Islas Sandwich, antiguo nombre del archipiélago de Hawaii (No confundir con el archipiélago de Islas Sándwich del Sur).

Referencias

  1. «Erythrina sandwicensis». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 26 de abril de 2013.
  2. Erythrina sandwicensis en PlantList
  3. Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 edición). Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 9780521866453.

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Erythrina sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

Erythrina sandwicensis, es una especie de árbol perteneciente a la familia de las fabáceas que es endémica de las Islas Hawái. Es la única especie de Erythrina que naturalmente se produce allí. Se encuentra normalmente en los bosques tropicales secos en sotavento de la isla hasta una altura de 600 metros.

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Erythrina sandwicensis ( француски )

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Erythrina sandwicensis, appelée wiliwili en hawaïen, est une espèce d'arbres de la famille des Fabaceae. Elle est endémique de l'archipel d'Hawaï.

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Erythrina sandwicensis ( виетнамски )

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Erythrina sandwicensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Degener miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Erythrina sandwicensis. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Erythrina sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

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Erythrina sandwicensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Đậu. Loài này được Degener miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên.

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Эритрина гавайская ( руски )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Порядок: Бобовоцветные
Семейство: Бобовые
Подсемейство: Мотыльковые
Триба: Фасолевые
Вид: Эритрина гавайская
Международное научное название

Erythrina sandwicensis O.Deg., 1932

Синонимы
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Систематика
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Изображения
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ITIS 502439EOL 643879IPNI 494571-1TPL ild-33420

Эритрина гавайская (лат. Erythrina sandwicensis, также англ. wiliwili) — вид растений рода Эритрина, семейства Бобовые (Fabaceae), произрастающий на Гавайских островах. Это единственный вид рода Эритрина, встречающийся там. Эритрина гавайская встречается в сухих лесах на подветренных склонах островов на высоте до 600 м. Эритрина гавайская достигает 4,5—9 м в высоту.

Starr 030731-0034 Erythrina sandwicensis.jpg
Starr 030828-0090 Erythrina sandwicensis.jpg
Цветки и плоды эритрины гавайской

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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夏威夷刺桐 ( кинески )

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二名法 Erythrina sandwicensis
Degener
 src=
開花的情形

夏威夷刺桐,是豆科刺桐屬的一種植物,僅見於夏威夷群島至海拔600公尺的背風面。近年受到來自台灣的刺桐釉小蜂的威脅。[1][2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Dennis Hollier. The Seed Savers. Hana Hou! Vol. 10, No. 1. Feb/March 2007. photos by Chris McDonough. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  2. ^ 行政院農業委員會林業試驗所:入侵種刺桐釉小蜂之防治動態[永久失效連結]
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夏威夷刺桐: Brief Summary ( кинески )

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 src= 開花的情形

夏威夷刺桐,是豆科刺桐屬的一種植物,僅見於夏威夷群島至海拔600公尺的背風面。近年受到來自台灣的刺桐釉小蜂的威脅。

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