The average life span of Pseudochirulus mayeri in the wild is 4 to 5 years. Lifespan of captive individuals is unknown.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 4 to 5 years.
Pseudochirulus mayeri is exclusively arboreal and can be found in Montane forests in the central New Guinea highlands, which has high tree diversity, including Nothofagus, Myrtaceae, Elaecarpaceae, and conifers ranging from 20 to 30 meters in height. It can be found at elevations ranging from 1,200 meters to 4,200 meters above sea level and is most common in forests between 2,000 meters and below 3,900 meters.
Range elevation: 1,200 to 4,000 m.
Average elevation: above 2,000- below 3,900 m.
Habitat Regions: terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; mountains
Pseudochirulus mayeri is endemic to the island of New Guinea. It inhabits montane forests in the Central Cordillera highlands, from the Wissel Lake region in the Indonesian province of Papua (Irian Jaya), east to Mount Hagen in Papua New Guinea`s Western Highland Province. Its range includes Mount Wilhelm, Weyland Range and the Hellwig Mountains.
Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Pygmy ringtails are arboreal folivores. They are the only member of Pseudicheiridae to eat pollen and fungus. They have the largest stomach volume to body size ratio of the ringtails (Flannery,1995). Natives report seeing pygmy ringtails eating epiphytic moss and lichens. Although they are considered arboreal folivores, they also eat ferns. In captivity, they often prefer sugar water (Flannery,1994; Flannery,1995). They have selenodont molars, which are ideal for shredding ingested foliage, and large incisors, which are ideal for clipping forage from plants. Like other ringtail possum species, pygmy ringtails have enlarged cecum, which increases gut the retention time of ingested forage. Increased gut retention times make it possible for gut bacteria to breakdown plant tissue in order to obtain greater nutritional value. Pymgy ringtails are also coprophagic, which helps retain bacteria and nutrients.
Plant Foods: leaves; pollen; bryophytes; lichens
Other Foods: fungus
Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore )
Little is known of the potential ecosystem roles filled by pygmy ringtail. However, they are an important prey species for owls throughout their range. Although pygmy ringtails are folivores, they are likely too few and too small to significantly reduce foliage.
Pseudochirulus mayeri is commonly hunted by indigenous peoples throughout their range.
Positive Impacts: food
There are no known adverse effects of Pseudochirulus mayeri on humans.
Pygmy ringtails are considered a species of "least concern" by the IUCN. They are widespread and locally abundant. Although they are commonly hunted throughout their native range, it is not considered to be a major threat to their survival.
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
The primary mode of communication for pygmy ringtails is olfactory. They establish home ranges and display reproductive status via feces and pheromones. Males have a sternal gland which secretes pheromones to deter other males. Although pygmy ringtails are generally quiet, young use a twitter-like call when in search of their mother and a make a screeching noise as an alarm call.
Communication Channels: acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: pheromones ; scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Pygmy ringtail possums are distinguished by their small size. They are sexually dimorphic with females being larger than males. Males weigh from 115 to 178 grams, with an average of 149 grams. Females weigh from 105 to 206 grams, with an average of 154.5 grams. Male body length (including head, body, and tail) ranges from 318 to 369 mm with an average length of 344 mm. Females range in length from 330 to 400 mm, with a mean of 372 mm (Flannery,1994; Flannery,1995). Their fur is cinnamon brown to dark brown (Husson,1964). Another way to distinguish pygmy ringtail possums from other Pseadochirulus spp. is their drab coloration; however, when moving, their bluish-gray undercoat becomes visible. They have an opposable first toe on their hind feet, and their second and third toes are syndactylus (Stonehouse and Gilmore, 1977). While the dorsal surface of their prehensile tail is covered with thick brown hair, the underside of their tail is hairless and calloused. Coat color is the same across genders and age classes.
Range mass: 105 to 206 g.
Average mass: 154.5 g.
Range length: 318 to 400 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: female larger
Owls (Strigiformes) are the primary predators of Pseudochirulus mayeri. Their jaws are often recovered from owl pellets in rocky outcroppings near the Porgera Reservoir (Helgen,2007). Owl species that are known to prey upon P. mayeri consist of the greater sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa), eastern grass-owl (Tyto longimembris), rufous owl (Ninox rufa) and the Papuan hawk-owl (Uroglaux dimorpha).
Known Predators:
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Reproductive and mating habits of Pseudochirulus mayeri are relatively unknown. Although they are solitary animals, they appear to form temporary bonds during breeding, with males accompanying females during estrus. They mate year-round and are either monogamous or polygynous. Mating systems are determined according to population densities and resource availability.
Mating System: monogamous ; polygynous
Little is know of the general reproductive behaviour of Pseudochirulus mayeri. Although it breeds year round, the number of offspring born peaks in April and May (Nowak,1999; Tyndale-Biscoe,1973). Females have 4 mammae but only 2 are functional. Despite its ability to raise two young at once, only one offspring has been observed at a time, either pouched or on the mother's back. Offspring emerge from the mother's pouch around 120 days old. Weaning age has not been documented; however, its close relatives, the Herbert River ringtail (Pseudochirulus herbertensis) and the common ringtail (Pseudocheirus peregrines), are weaned by 150 to 180 days old. In general, ringtail possums reach sexual maturity at one year old (Tyndale-Biscoe,1973). Length of gestation is unknown, however, the average for most marsupials is 9 to 13 days.
Breeding season: year-round breeding but peaks in April and May
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range gestation period: 9 to 13 days.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): one years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): one years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; viviparous
After a relatively short gestational period (9 to 13 days), offspring move to the mother's pouch where development will continue for the next 4 to 5 months (Nowak,1999). Juveniles start venturing out of their mother`s pouch around 120 days, however, offspring continue nursing until around 155 days old. After 4 to 5 months, juveniles leave their mother's pouch to ride on her back. After a short time, mothers begin to leave juveniles in the nest in increasing intervals. Males take no part in raising offspring.
Parental Investment: altricial ; female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
L'uta pigmeu (Pseudochirulus mayeri) és una espècie de marsupial de la família dels pseudoquírids.[1] Viu a Indonèsia i Papua Nova Guinea.[2] Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del col·leccionista australià Fred Shaw Mayer.[3]
L'uta pigmeu (Pseudochirulus mayeri) és una espècie de marsupial de la família dels pseudoquírids. Viu a Indonèsia i Papua Nova Guinea. Aquest tàxon fou anomenat en honor del col·leccionista australià Fred Shaw Mayer.
Der Zwerg-Ringbeutler (Pseudochirulus mayeri) ist ein Beutelsäuger aus der Familie der Ringbeutler, der im Zentralgebirge von Neuguinea von den Paniai-Seen im Westen bis nach Mount Hagen im Osten, auf der Huon-Halbinsel beheimatet ist.[1]
Der Zwerg-Ringbeutler haben eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 17 bis 21 cm, hat einen 15 bis 19 cm langen Schwanz und erreicht ein Gewicht von 105 bis 206 g. Die Tiere sind eintönig braun gefärbt, ohne irgendwelche Zeichnungen oder Musterungen. Von anderen Ringbeutlern können sie am besten durch ihre Kleinheit unterschieden werden.[1]
Der Zwerg-Ringbeutler lebt in feuchten, vermoosten Wäldern in Höhen ab 1500 Metern über dem Meeresspiegel. Die meisten Tiere kommen in Höhen von 2500 bis 3600 Metern vor. Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Ringbeutlern ernähren sie sich nicht vor allem von Blättern, sondern mehr von epiphytischen Flechten, Moosen, Farnen, Pilzen und Pollen. Ein in Gefangenschaft gehaltenes Exemplar verweigerte die angebotene Blattnahrung größtenteils. Über das Fortpflanzungsverhalten und das übrige Verhalten der Tiere ist bisher nur wenig bekannt. Die Tiere sind nachtaktiv und verbringen den Tag in Nestern, die in niedriger Höhe, meist nur einen Meter über dem Erdboden gebaut werden. Die Nester werden üblicherweise in Astgabeln errichtet, bestehen vor allem aus Moosen und Flechten und haben eine Ein- und Ausgangsöffnung nach oben.[1]
Die IUCN klassifiziert den Zwerg-Ringbeutler in die Kategorie „ungefährdet“ (Least Concern). Bedrohungen, die den Bestand der Art ernsthaft gefährden könnten, sind bisher unbekannt. Möglicherweise wird der Zwerg-Ringbeutler zur Gewinnung von Bushmeat vom Menschen bejagt.[2]
Der Zwerg-Ringbeutler (Pseudochirulus mayeri) ist ein Beutelsäuger aus der Familie der Ringbeutler, der im Zentralgebirge von Neuguinea von den Paniai-Seen im Westen bis nach Mount Hagen im Osten, auf der Huon-Halbinsel beheimatet ist.
The pygmy ringtail possum (Pseudochirulus mayeri) is a species of marsupial in the family Pseudocheiridae. It is found in the montane forest regions of Papua New Guinea and West Papua, Indonesia.[2][3] They are "widespread along the Central Cordillera" and live at elevations between 1,500 and 3,600 metres (4,900 and 11,800 ft) above sea level.”[2]
Pygmy ringtails are herbivores or “arboreal folivores” that eat pollen, lichen, fungus and “epiphytic moss."[3] P. mayeri also eat the bark of trees, which provides them with calcium and potassium.[4] They have “large incisor” teeth which help with “clipping forage from plants” and have “selenodont molars” that help with “shredding ingested foliage."[3] They have “an enlarged cecum that acts as a fermentation chamber”[5] and allows “gut bacteria to breakdown [sic] plant tissue."[3] The extra retention time allows the pygmy ringtail to obtain more nutrients from the ingested forage.
Pseudochirulus mayeri is a very small species, with the males being slightly smaller than the females. The average female weight is 154.5 grams, ranging from 105 to 206 grams, while the average length is 372 mm with a range of 330–400 mm. The male weighs approximately 149 grams ranging between 115 and 178 grams and an average length of 344 mm with a range of 318–369 mm. Their life expectancy in the wild is approximately 4 or 5 years. These specific pygmy ringtails have “cinnamon brown to dark brown” fur with a visible “bluish-gray undercoat” when they move. Their tail has thick brown hair on top while calloused and hairless underneath. The Pseudochirulus mayeri also have “an opposable first toe on their hind feet, and their second and third toes are syndactylus.”[3]
These possums make dreys, or nests, “in the forks of trees, less than four meters off the ground.” These nests consist of foliage similar to moss and lichen and they enter into “state[s] of partial torpor” during the day. Therefore, they “are nocturnal, solitary, arboreal herbivores” that do not travel far at night from their drey because they are small and slow moving. P. mayeri can use sound to communicate. For example, young P. mayeri “use a twitter-like call when in search [for] their mother and make a screeching noise as an alarm call.” However, they mainly communicate with one another through their olfactory. For example, males produce a pheromone in the sternal gland that "[deter]s other males" while both females and males "establish home ranges" or "display reproductive status [using] feces and pheromones."[3]
The main predators of P. mayeri are owls, specifically the greater sooty owl, Papuan hawk-owl, eastern grass-owl and rufous owl.[3] They also tend to be hunted by indigenous people who live near their habitat.[2] However, they are not sufficiently hunted to be considered threatened.
The pygmy ringtail possum (Pseudochirulus mayeri) is a species of marsupial in the family Pseudocheiridae. It is found in the montane forest regions of Papua New Guinea and West Papua, Indonesia. They are "widespread along the Central Cordillera" and live at elevations between 1,500 and 3,600 metres (4,900 and 11,800 ft) above sea level.”
Pygmy ringtails are herbivores or “arboreal folivores” that eat pollen, lichen, fungus and “epiphytic moss." P. mayeri also eat the bark of trees, which provides them with calcium and potassium. They have “large incisor” teeth which help with “clipping forage from plants” and have “selenodont molars” that help with “shredding ingested foliage." They have “an enlarged cecum that acts as a fermentation chamber” and allows “gut bacteria to breakdown [sic] plant tissue." The extra retention time allows the pygmy ringtail to obtain more nutrients from the ingested forage.
Pseudochirulus mayeri Pseudochirulus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Pseudocheirinae azpifamilia eta Pseudocheiridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Pseudochirulus mayeri Pseudochirulus generoko animalia da. Martsupialen barruko Diprotodontia ordeneko animalia da. Pseudocheirinae azpifamilia eta Pseudocheiridae familian sailkatuta dago.
Pseudochirulus mayeri (parfois en français Phalanger pygmée à queue zébrée) est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Pseudocheiridae.
Cette espèce est endémique de Nouvelle-Guinée.
Pseudochirulus mayeri (parfois en français Phalanger pygmée à queue zébrée) est une espèce de marsupiaux de la famille des Pseudocheiridae.
Il coda ad anello pigmeo (Pseudochirulus mayeri Rothschild & Dollman, 1932) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia degli Pseudocheiridi[2].
Il coda ad anello pigmeo si caratterizza per le sue piccole dimensioni. Mostra anche un certo livello di dimorfismo sessuale, in quanto le femmine sono più grandi dei maschi. I maschi pesano 115-178 g (in media 149 g). Le femmine pesano 105-206 g (in media 154,5 g). La lunghezza totale (testa, corpo e coda) dei maschi è di 318-369 mm (in media 344 mm) e quella delle femmine è di 330-400 mm (in media 372 mm). Il mantello ha una colorazione variabile dal bruno-cannella al marrone scuro. Un'altra caratteristica che distingue il coda ad anello pigmeo dalle altre specie del genere Pseudochirulus è la sua colorazione uniforme; tuttavia, quando si muove, è visibile il sottopelo di colore grigio-bluastro. Il primo dito delle zampe posteriori è opponibile, mentre il secondo e il terzo sono sindattili. Sebbene la superficie dorsale della sua coda prensile sia ricoperta da una fitta peluria marrone, quella ventrale è glabra e callosa. La colorazione del mantello non varia né in base al sesso, né a seconda dell'età[3][4][5][6][7][8][9].
Il coda ad anello pigmeo è un folivoro arboricolo. È l'unico membro della famiglia degli Pseudocheiridi a nutrirsi di polline e funghi. Tra tutti i coda ad anello, è quello ad avere lo stomaco più grande rispetto alle dimensioni del corpo. I nativi sostengono di aver visto dei coda ad anello pigmei mangiare muschi epifiti e licheni. Sebbene venga considerato un folivoro arboricolo, si nutre anche di felci. In cattività, spesso predilige l'acqua zuccherata. Ha molari selenodonti, ideali per sminuzzare il fogliame ingerito, e grossi incisivi, perfetti per strappare le foglie dalla pianta. Come altri coda ad anello, possiede un cieco molto grande, che permette di rallentare notevolmente il periodo della digestione. Un periodo più lungo consente ai batteri presenti nel tubo digerente di sminuzzare più efficacemente il materiale vegetale allo scopo di ricavare un maggior valore nutrizionale. I coda ad anello pigmei sono anche coprofagi: mangiando le proprie feci, riescono a riciclare batteri e sostanze nutritive[3][4][5][6][10][8].
I coda ad anello pigmei sono animali notturni, solitari e arboricoli. Spesso costruiscono ripari alla biforcazione del tronco degli alberi, a meno di quattro metri dal suolo. Questi ripari sono fatti di muschi, licheni e altro materiale vegetale simile. I coda ad anello tornano al riparo per riposare durante il giorno, durante il quale entrano in uno stato di parziale torpore[5][6].
Le abitudini riproduttive del coda ad anello pigmeo sono quasi praticamente sconosciute. Sebbene sia una specie solitaria, sembra formare coppie temporanee durante la stagione degli amori, quando i maschi accompagnano le femmine durante l'estro. Si accoppia in ogni periodo dell'anno e può essere sia monogamo che poliginico. Il sistema riproduttivo varia a seconda della densità di popolazione e delle risorse disponibili[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][11].
Nonostante la specie possa accoppiarsi in ogni periodo dell'anno, la maggior parte dei piccoli nasce in aprile e maggio. Le femmine hanno 4 mammelle, ma solo 2 di esse sono funzionali. Malgrado la capacità di allevare due piccoli contemporaneamente, gli studiosi hanno sempre osservato un unico piccolo, trasportato nel marsupio o sul dorso della madre. Il piccolo emerge dal marsupio verso i 120 giorni di età. L'età dello svezzamento non è nota; tuttavia, in alcuni suoi stretti parenti, il coda ad anello del fiume Herbert (Pseudochirulus herbertensis) e il coda ad anello comune (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), lo svezzamento ha luogo tra i 150 e i 180 giorni di età. In generale, i coda ad anello raggiungono la maturità sessuale verso un anno di età. La durata della gestazione è sconosciuta, ma bisogna ricordare che nella maggior parte dei marsupiali dura 9-13 giorni[3][4][6][7][8][9][11].
In natura il coda ad anello pigmeo vive in media 4-5 anni, mentre la durata di vita negli esemplari in cattività non è nota[3].
Il coda ad anelli pigmeo è endemico della Nuova Guinea. Abita nelle foreste di montagna degli altopiani della Cordigliera Centrale, dalla regione del lago Wissel, nella provincia indonesiana di Papua (Irian Jaya), fino all'area del monte Hagen, nella Provincia degli Altopiani Occidentali in Papua Nuova Guinea. Il suo areale comprende il monte Wilhelm, le catene del Weyland e i monti Hellwig[2][3][5][6][7][10][8].
È una creatura esclusivamente arboricola e si può incontrare nelle foreste pluviali di montagna della Nuova Guinea centrale, che ospitano una grande diversità di alberi, comprese specie di Nothofagus, Mirtacee, Eleocarpacee e conifere di 20-30 m di altezza. Si può incontrare a quote comprese tra i 1200 e i 4200 m, ma è più comune tra i 2000 e i 3900 m[2][3][4][5][6][7][10][8].
Il coda ad anello pigmeo (Pseudochirulus mayeri Rothschild & Dollman, 1932) è un marsupiale arboricolo della famiglia degli Pseudocheiridi.
Pseudochirulus mayeri is een zoogdier uit de familie van de kleine koeskoezen (Pseudocheiridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Rothschild & Dollman in 1932.
De soort komt voor op Nieuw-Guinea.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesPseudochirulus mayeri is een zoogdier uit de familie van de kleine koeskoezen (Pseudocheiridae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door Rothschild & Dollman in 1932.
Pseudochirulus mayeri é uma espécie de marsupial da família Pseudocheiridae. Endêmica da ilha de Nova Guiné.
Pseudochirulus mayeri é uma espécie de marsupial da família Pseudocheiridae. Endêmica da ilha de Nova Guiné.
Pseudochirulus mayeri[4] är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Rothschild och Guy Dollman 1932. Pseudochirulus mayeri ingår i släktet Pseudochirulus och familjen ringsvanspungråttor.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5]
Pseudochirulus mayeri är med en absolut längd (inklusive svans) av 32 till 40 cm och en vikt mellan 115 och 206 g en av de minsta arterna i sitt släkte. Honor är allmänt lite större och tyngre än hanar. Däremot finns inga färgskillnader mellan hanar, honor och ungdjur. Pälsen består av en blågrå underull och av kanelbruna till mörkbruna täckhår. Under rörelsen är underullen ofta synlig. Vid bakfötterna är stortån motsättlig och den andra, tredje och fjärde tån sammanvuxna. Svansen används som gripverktyg och därför är den på undersidan naken.[7]
Pungdjuret förekommer i centrala Nya Guinea. Arten vistas där i bergstrakter som är 1 500 till 3 600 meter höga. Regionen är främst täckt av tropisk regnskog. Individerna vilar i bon av växtdelar.[1]
Individerna lever utanför fortplantningstiden ensam. De är aktiva på natten och klättrar främst i träd eller i skogens undervegetation. Boet skapas av mossa, lav och blad och placeras i någon förgrening. Där sover djuret på dagen eller det fallet i ett stelt tillstånd (torpor). Främst hanar, men även honor, markerar reviret med doftande sekret och med avföring.[7]
Arten äter liksom sina närmaste släktingar blad från träd och från ormbunkar. I motsats till andra ringsvanspungråttor äter den även pollen och svampar. Enligt Nya Guineas ursprungsbefolkning ska även lav ingå i födan. För en bättre ämnesomsättning har Pseudochirulus mayeri en rik bakteriefauna i magsäcken. Dessutom är arten koprofag.[7]
Honan kan bli under alla årstider brunstig men de flesta ungar föds i april och maj. Före parningen lever en hane och en eller några honor flera dagar tillsammans. Dräktigheten varar uppskattningsvis 9 till 13 dagar och sedan kravlar de underutvecklade ungarna till pungen (marsupium) och suger sig fast vid en spene. Honan har fyra spenar men vanligen föds bara en eller två ungar per kull. Ungarna stannar ungefär 120 dagar i pungen och de diar sin mor ytterligare 30 till 60 dagar. Pseudochirulus mayeri blir könsmogen ett år efter födelsen. Livslängden i naturen är ofta 4 eller 5 år.[7]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Pseudochirulus mayeri.
Wikispecies har information om Pseudochirulus mayeri.
Pseudochirulus mayeri är en pungdjursart som först beskrevs av Rothschild och Guy Dollman 1932. Pseudochirulus mayeri ingår i släktet Pseudochirulus och familjen ringsvanspungråttor. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.
Pseudochirulus mayeri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Pseudocheiridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Rothschild & Dollman mô tả năm 1932.[2]
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Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Pseudochirulus mayeri là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Pseudocheiridae, bộ Hai răng cửa. Loài này được Rothschild & Dollman mô tả năm 1932.
피그미반지꼬리주머니쥐(Pseudochirulus mayeri)는 반지꼬리주머니쥐과에 속하는 유대류의 일종이다. 인도네시아 서파푸아와 파푸아뉴기니에서 발견된다.[2] 산지 숲 지역에서 서식한다.[3] 중부 코르디예라 지역에 널리 분포하며, 해발 고도 1500m와 3600m 사이에서 서식한다.[4]
