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Trophic Strategy ( англиски )

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Found inshore and in coastal waters throughout its range. Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans and larval fishes.
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Biology ( англиски )

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Adults are found inshore and in coastal waters throughout its range. Feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans and larval fishes. Marketed fresh and dried salted.
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Importance ( англиски )

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fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
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分布 ( англиски )

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分布於非洲東岸起,南至澳洲北部,北迄日本南部,包括南中國海、東海水域。台灣海峽可能有分布。
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利用 ( англиски )

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一般漁法為延繩釣、流刺網或底拖網等。以煎食為主,亦可加工成鹽漬品。
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描述 ( англиски )

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體呈長橢圓形。腹部輪廓較背部凸圓。脂性眼瞼發達,覆蓋眼之後半部。上頜前方具二列圓錐齒,後方為單列鈍圓細齒。鰓耙數(含瘤狀鰓耙)38-44。體被圓鱗,胸部完全具鱗。側線前部彎曲大,直走部始於第二背鰭第4至第6鰭條間之下方;稜鱗強,存在於直走部的全部,總數可達35-45 枚。第二背鰭與臀鰭同形,皆無延長如絲狀之鰭條;成魚時,尾鰭上葉長於下葉。體背呈藍綠色,腹部呈銀白色。鰓蓋後緣上方有一個顯著黑斑。體側在側線上方具多條不明顯之橫帶。背鰭黃色;其餘各鰭黃色或淡色。以前所記載之(/Alepes para/)為本種之同種異名。
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棲地 ( англиски )

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主要棲息於近海大陸棚緣。群游性,以浮游性甲殼類及小魚為食。
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Alepes kleinii ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Alepes kleinii és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 16 cm de longitud total.[2]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba des del Pakistan fins a Sri Lanka, costa est de l'Índia, Taiwan, Okinawa (Japó), les Filipines, Papua Nova Guinea i Austràlia.[2]

Referències

  1. AQUATAB.NET
  2. 2,0 2,1 FishBase (anglès)

Bibliografia

  • Bloch, M. E. 1793. Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische. Berlin. Naturg. Ausl. Fische v. 7: i-xiv + 1-144, Pls. 325-360.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.

Enllaços externs

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Alepes kleinii: Brief Summary ( каталонски; валенсиски )

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Alepes kleinii és una espècie de peix de la família dels caràngids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Razorbelly scad ( англиски )

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The razorbelly scad (Alepes kleinii) (also known as the banded scad, golden scad and goggle-eye scad) is a small species of tropical marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. The species inhabits coastal waters in the Indo-Pacific, from Pakistan in the west to Japan and Australia in the east, often found over reefs. The razorbelly scad has a complex taxonomic history, and even recently has had its position in the genus Alepes challenged, but appears to be stable after a molecular phylogeny study supported its placement in Alepes. It is very similar to other scads in the same genus, but is readily identified by its unique teeth. Razorbelly scad are predatory fish, taking a variety of crustaceans and shrimps, and show a change in feeding intensity over the year. Reproduction and development has been extensively studied in India, where spawning occurs in a single event from January to September. The species is commonly taken in tropical fisheries, where it is marketed fresh or dried.

Taxonomy and naming

The razorbelly scad is classified in the scad genus Alepes, which is part of the jack family, Carangidae. The Carangidae are part of the order Carangiformes.[3]

Like a number of other members of Alepes, the razorbelly scad suffers from a complicated taxonomic history, in which the species has been described and named no less than seven times, and has had three of those names reassigned to different genera.[2] The first person to describe and name the species was the German naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1793, assigning the name Scomber kleinii putting the species in a genus of mackerel. This was later transferred to the jack genus Caranx and finally to the genus Alepes, which Swainson had created in 1839. This is the currently accepted name, as Bloch was the first to describe the fish, even though he put it in the wrong genus.[2] In a marathon effort of synonymy, Georges Cuvier described the species under three separate names in 1833, of which two were reclassified into Alepes, forming the commonly used junior synonyms of Alepes para and Alepes kalla. The razorbelly scad was described and named three times after Cuvier's efforts by Bleeker, De Vis and Wakiya. In a 1942 review of Caranx kalla, Nichols tried to separate and rationalise a number of synonyms, even suggesting a subspecies of De Vis' Caranx queenslandiae be created.[4] The type specimen of A. kleinii was collected from the Malabar Coast off India.[5] Although commonly called razorbelly scad, and recognised as such by Fishbase, the species also is known as banded scad, goggle-eye scad and golden scad.[2]

The identity of the person honoured in the specific name is not knowv but it is almost certainly the German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist and mathematician Jacob Theodor Klein (1685-1759), who was the author of a 5-volume history of fishes published in 1740-1749, who was also honoured by Bloch in the name Chaetodon kleinii.[6]

Phylogeny

Although the species, including many of its synonyms, has been placed in the genus Alepes for some time, the nature of its teeth has made this placement controversial. Two authors have argued that the species should be reassigned to a new monotypic genus due to it having short conical teeth in comparison to the rest of Alepes' comblike teeth.[7] This problem was addressed in a molecular phylogenetic study of the Carangidae in which A. kleinii and A. djedaba (Shrimp scad) were included. The results confirmed the placement of A. kleinii in Alepes, with the authors arguing the two species were too closely related to warrant placement in a new genus.[8]

Description

The razorbelly scad has a series of bars on the upper body

The razorbelly scad is similar in body shape and profile to the rest of Alepes, possessing a strongly compressed ovate body. The dorsal profile of the body is definitively less convex than the ventral profile, giving the upper and lower parts of the body an asymmetry which is further heightened by the different sized lobes of the caudal fin.[9] The head of the fish tapers to a pointed snout, with the large eye having a well-developed posterior adipose eyelid. The teeth of the fish are a major diagnostic feature of the species, with the upper jaw having two irregular rows of small conical teeth at the front of the mouth, transitioning to a paving of blunt teeth at the back.[9] The lower jaw is similar, having two rows of short conical teeth in the front of the jaw changing to one row of blunter teeth further back. There are two separate dorsal fins, the first containing eight weak spines while the second consists of a single spine followed by 23 to 26 soft rays. The anal fin has two detached spines anterior to the main section, which consists of a single spine followed by 19 to 22 soft rays.[10] The upper caudal fin lobe is larger than the lower lobe, whilst the pelvic fin is quite small in comparison to those of other carangids. The lateral line is strongly arched anteriorally, with the arched and straight sections of the line intersecting below the fourth to sixth soft dorsal rays. The curved section of the line contains 32 to 46 scales and up to 2 scutes, while the straight section consists of 35 to 45 scutes and up to 2 scales. The species has 24 vertebrae and a total of 38 to 44 gill rakers.[11] It is a fairly small fish compared to most carangids, only known to reach 16 cm in length.

Whilst alive, the razorbelly scad is a bluish grey to greenish grey on the upper body, becoming lighter and more silvery ventrally. Dark vertical bands are sometimes present on the body above the lateral line, and a large black spot is present on the upper operculum and surrounding shoulder region. The fins are pale to hyaline with the exception of the caudal fin which is yellow to dusky in colour, with the upper lobe generally brighter and having a narrow dusky edge.[10]

Distribution and habitat

The razorbelly scad is broadly distributed over the tropical Eastern Indo-West Pacific region, not as widely distributed as most of the genus Alepes. The species has been recorded from the Red Sea in the west,[12] but is rarely found west of Pakistan. It is common along the Indian, Sri Lankan and South East Asian coasts, extending throughout Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, reaching as far north as Japan and as far south as northern Australia.[9] As Caranx kalla, the species was recorded at least once in the Mediterranean Sea, passing through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea as part of the Lessepsian migration.[12] The species inhabits inshore coastal environments, especially reef habitats.[2]

Biology and fishery

Illustration of the razorbelly scad

The razorbelly scad is a predatory fish, whose feeding activity changes, at least in some regions, over the course of a year. A 1988 study in Indian waters found that the species is an active feeder during February and March, showing only moderate activity for the rest of the year.[13] Their main prey items were small crustaceans, particularly copepods and small or larval fish, with smaller amounts of Lucifer, prawns, amphipods and fish eggs taken.[13]

Reproduction and spawning in the species has been studied only in Indian waters, where razorbelly scad spawn in a single event from January to September, with peaks in February and in June to August.[14] The eggs are pelagic, spherical and transparent, measuring 0.58 to 0.61 mm in diameter. Newly hatched larvae are 1.13 mm in diameter, and the developmental biology of the larvae has been well studied.[15] The fecundity of the species has been shown to be correlated with total length and body weight.[14] The growth of razorbelly scad was also studied off the Indian coast near Mangalore. It was found the species grows to 83–84 mm in its first year, 131 mm in the second and 143 mm in the third year of its life.[16] From the data collected, the growth curve predicts a maximum size of 17.1 cm, although it would require a long lifespan.[16] Each sex reaches sexual maturity at a different size, in males it is 128.5 mm and 126.5 mm in females.[14]

The species is commonly taken as part of a number of fisheries, although catch data is not available. It is taken by methods including hook and line, gill nets as well as other subsistence fishing gear.[9] Razorbelly scad is marketed fresh and dried salted.

References

  1. ^ Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Williams, I. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Alepes kleinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T20256067A115370739. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T20256067A46664024.en.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Alepes kleinii" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 380–387. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. ^ Nichols, J.T. (1942). "On Fishes Confused with Caranx kalla Cuvier and Valenciennes". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1942 (4): 226–229. doi:10.2307/1438009. JSTOR 1438009.
  5. ^ Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao (14 April 1999). "A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records". Zoological Studies. 38 (1): 33–68.
  6. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (10 August 2019). "Order CARANGIFORMES (Jacks)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  7. ^ Gunn, John S. (1990). "A revision of selected genera of the family Carangidae (Pisces) from Australian waters". Records of the Australian Museum Supplement. 12: 1–78. doi:10.3853/j.0812-7387.12.1990.92.
  8. ^ Zhu, Shi-Hua; Wen-Juan Zing; Ji-Xing Zou; Yin-Chung Yang; Xi-Quan Shen (2007). "Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Carangidae based on the sequences of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene". Acta Zoologica Sinica. 53 (4): 641–650. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  9. ^ a b c d Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem, eds. (2001). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9.
  10. ^ a b Randall, John Ernest; Roger C. Steene; Gerald R. Allen (1997). Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-8248-1895-4.
  11. ^ Randall, John E. (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 183. ISBN 0-8248-1808-3.
  12. ^ a b Adam, B.T. (1966). "Red Sea Fishes Recently Found in the Mediterranean". Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. 1966 (2): 254–275. doi:10.2307/1441133. JSTOR 1441133.
  13. ^ a b Kalita, Binod; Jayabalan, N. (2000). "Food and feeding habits of the golden scad Caranx kalla (Cuv. & Val.) along Mangalore coast". Environment and Ecology. 18 (4): 869–873. ISSN 0970-0420.
  14. ^ a b c Venkataramani, V.K.; Natarajan, R. (1984). "Breeding biology of carangid fishes Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch and Schn.) and Alepes kalla (Cuv. and Val.) along Porto Novo Coast". Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. New Delhi. 13 (1): 14–18. ISSN 0379-5136.
  15. ^ Subrahmanyam, C.B. (1968). "Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras". Journal of the Marine Biology Association of India. 8 (1): 188–192.
  16. ^ a b Kalita, B.; Jayabalan, N. (1997). "Age and growth of the carangid Alepes para (Class: Osteichthyes) from Mangalore coast, west coast of India". Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 26 (1): 107–108. ISSN 0379-5136.

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Razorbelly scad: Brief Summary ( англиски )

добавил wikipedia EN

The razorbelly scad (Alepes kleinii) (also known as the banded scad, golden scad and goggle-eye scad) is a small species of tropical marine fish in the jack family, Carangidae. The species inhabits coastal waters in the Indo-Pacific, from Pakistan in the west to Japan and Australia in the east, often found over reefs. The razorbelly scad has a complex taxonomic history, and even recently has had its position in the genus Alepes challenged, but appears to be stable after a molecular phylogeny study supported its placement in Alepes. It is very similar to other scads in the same genus, but is readily identified by its unique teeth. Razorbelly scad are predatory fish, taking a variety of crustaceans and shrimps, and show a change in feeding intensity over the year. Reproduction and development has been extensively studied in India, where spawning occurs in a single event from January to September. The species is commonly taken in tropical fisheries, where it is marketed fresh or dried.

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Alepes kleinii ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

Alepes kleinii es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

• Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 16 cm de longitud total.[1]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra desde el Pakistán hasta Sri Lanka, costa este de India, Taiwán, Okinawa (Japón), las Filipinas, Papúa Nueva Guinea y Australia.

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, núm. 1, vol. 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, Estados Unidos. 2905. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Alepes kleinii: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Alepes kleinii es una especie de peces de la familia Carangidae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Alepes kleinii ( баскиски )

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Alepes kleinii Alepes generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Alepes kleinii FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Alepes kleinii: Brief Summary ( баскиски )

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Alepes kleinii Alepes generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Carangidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Alepes kleinii ( италијански )

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Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Carangidae[2].

Distribuzione e habitat

L'areale di A. kleinii comprende buona parte dell'Indo-Pacifico tropicale dal mar Rosso[3] e il golfo Persico a ovest e a nord fino a Okinawa e a sud fino all'Australia[4]. In seguito alla migrazione lessepsiana ha stabilito popolazioni nel mar Mediterraneo orientale[3][5].

È un pesce pelagico che vive in acque costiere, spesso in prossimità delle barriere coralline[1][4].

Descrizione

Si tratta di un piccolo carangide dal corpo piuttosto alto e molto compresso lateralmente. La colorazione del dorso è grigia con toni bluastri o verdastri mentre sui fianchi e il ventre è chiara o biancastra con riflessi argentei nell'animale vivo. Sul dorso al di sopra della linea laterale sono spesso presenti delle fasce verticali scure mentre è sempre evidente una macchia nera rotonda caratteristica nella parte alta dell'opercolo branchiale. Le pinne sono incolori tranne la pinna caudale che è di color giallastro[3].

La taglia massima nota è di 18,2 cm mentre la taglia comune è di 12 cm[4].

Biologia

Alimentazione

Si nutre di crostacei planctonici (copepodi, anfipodi e decapodi[3]) e di uova e stadi giovanili di pesci[6].

Pesca

Non è oggetto di pesca specifica ma rimane spesso catturato come bycatch nelle reti a strascico per la pesca dei gamberetti. Marinerie artigianali lo catturano con lenze e reti da posta[1]. Si trova sui mercati ittici locali sia fresca che essiccata o salata[4].

Conservazione

A. kleinii è una specie molto comune e con un areale abbastanza vasto, catturata perlopiù casualmente e non soggetta a un intenso sforzo di pesca. Non vi sono segni di rarefazione delle popolazioni. Per questi motivi la lista rossa IUCN la classifica come "a rischio minimo"[1].

Note

  1. ^ a b c d (EN) Alepes kleinii, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) Bailly, N. (2015), Alepes kleinii, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species).
  3. ^ a b c d (EN) M.A.B. Siddik, Md Abu Hanif, Ashfaqun Nahar, Md Reaz Chaklader and Rowan Kleindienst, First record of the razorbelly scad Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) (Carangidae) along the coast of Bangladesh, in Marine Biodiversity Records, vol. 10, n. 32, 2017, pp. 1-4, DOI:10.1186/s41200-017-0134-x. URL consultato il 15 maggio 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d (EN) Alepes kleinii, su FishBase. URL consultato il 15 maggio 2021.
  5. ^ B.T. Adam, Red Sea Fishes Recently Found in the Mediterranean, in Copeia, vol. 1966, n. 2, 1966, pp. 254–275, DOI:10.2307/1441133, JSTOR 1441133.
  6. ^ (EN) Food items reported for Alepes kleinii, su FishBase. URL consultato il 15 maggio 2021.

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Alepes kleinii: Brief Summary ( италијански )

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Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Carangidae.

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Alepes kleinii ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

Vissen

Alepes kleinii is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van horsmakrelen (Carangidae).[2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1793 door Bloch.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Alepes kleinii op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. (en) Alepes kleinii. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 12 2011 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2011.
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22-10-2011
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Alepa kala ( полски )

добавил wikipedia POL

Alepa kala (Alepes kleinii) – gatunek ryby z rodziny ostrobokowatych (Carangidae), opisany naukowo przez Blocha pod nazwą Scomber kleinii (w 1793) oraz powtórnie przez Cuviera (w 1833), pod nazwą Caranx kalla, skąd zaczerpnięta została polska nazwa gatunku.

Występowanie

Ocean Indyjski i wsch. Pacyfik od Pakistanu, zach. wybrzeży Indii i Sri Lanki po Tajwan, Okinawę, Filipiny, Papuę-Nową Gwineę i płn. Australię. Informacje o występowaniu w płd. Afryce opierają się na omyłkowej identyfikacji osobników alepy złotopłetwej.

Żyje w wodach przybrzeżnych.

Cechy morfologiczne

Osiąga 14 (max. 16) cm długości.

Odżywianie

Żywi się planktonem, niewielkimi skorupiakami i larwami ryb.

Znaczenie

Ma niewielkie znaczenie w rybołówstwie. Sprzedawana świeża oraz suszona solona.

Przypisy

  1. Alepes kleinii, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Eugeniusz Grabda, Tomasz Heese: Polskie nazewnictwo popularne krągłouste i ryby - Cyclostomata et Pisces. Koszalin: Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie, 1991.

Bibliografia

  • Alepes kleinii. (ang.) w: Froese, R. & D. Pauly. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org [dostęp 16 marca 2011]
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Alepa kala: Brief Summary ( полски )

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Alepa kala (Alepes kleinii) – gatunek ryby z rodziny ostrobokowatych (Carangidae), opisany naukowo przez Blocha pod nazwą Scomber kleinii (w 1793) oraz powtórnie przez Cuviera (w 1833), pod nazwą Caranx kalla, skąd zaczerpnięta została polska nazwa gatunku.

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Cá tráo ( виетнамски )

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Cá tráo hoặc cá say[1] (tên khoa học Alepes kleinii) là một loài cá biển nhiệt đới trong họ Carangidae.

Chú thích

  1. ^ Thái Thanh Dương (chủ biên), Các loài cá thường gặp ở Việt Nam, Bộ Thủy sản, Hà Nội, 2007. Tr.24.

Tham khảo


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề bộ Cá vược này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá tráo: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

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Cá tráo hoặc cá say (tên khoa học Alepes kleinii) là một loài cá biển nhiệt đới trong họ Carangidae.

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克氏副葉鰺 ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Alepes kleinii
(Bloch, 1793)[1] Approximate range of the razorbelly scad
Approximate range of the razorbelly scad

克氏副葉鰺学名Caranx kalla)为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鲹科鲹属的其中一,為熱帶海水魚,分布于印度洋北部东岸、红海至澳大利亚以及中国南海台湾海峡东海等海域,體長可達16公分,棲息在沿海海域,以浮游性甲殼類及仔魚為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚。[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Alepes kleinii. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2008 [2 January, 2008] (英语). 请检查|access-date=中的日期值 (帮助)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 克氏副葉鰺. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:克氏副葉鰺 小作品圖示这是一篇與鱸形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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克氏副葉鰺: Brief Summary ( кинески )

добавил wikipedia 中文维基百科

克氏副葉鰺(学名:Caranx kalla)为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鱸亞目鲹科鲹属的其中一,為熱帶海水魚,分布于印度洋北部东岸、红海至澳大利亚以及中国南海台湾海峡东海等海域,體長可達16公分,棲息在沿海海域,以浮游性甲殼類及仔魚為食,生活習性不明,可做為食用魚。

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ミヤカミヒラアジ ( јапонски )

добавил wikipedia 日本語
ミヤカミヒラアジ Razorbelly scad.jpg 保全状況評価 NOT EVALUATED (IUCN Red List) 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 条鰭綱 Actinopterygii : スズキ目 Perciformes 亜目 : スズキ亜目 Percoidei : アジ科 Carangidae : マブタシマアジ属 Alepes : ミヤカミヒラアジ A. kleinii 学名 Alepes kleinii
(Bloch, 1793) シノニム
  • Scomber kleinii,
    Bloch, 1793
  • Caranx kleinii,
    (Bloch, 1793)
  • Caranx para,
    Cuvier, 1833
  • Alepes para,
    (Cuvier, 1833)
  • Caranx microchir,
    Cuvier, 1833
  • Caranx kalla,
    Cuvier, 1833
  • Alepes kalla,
    (Cuvier, 1833)
  • Selar megalaspis,
    (Bleeker, 1853)
  • Alepes megalaspis,
    (Bleeker, 1853)
  • Micropteryx queenslandiae,
    (De Vis, 1884)
  • Caranx miyakamii,
    (Wakiya, 1924)
和名 ミヤカミヒラアジ 英名 Razorbelly scad Alepes kleinii distribution.PNG
おおよその生息域

ミヤカミヒラアジ(学名:Alepes kleinii)はアジ科に属し熱帯の海に生息する小型の魚類である。西はパキスタン、東はオーストラリア日本までを含むインド太平洋の沿岸域に生息し、しばしば岩礁サンゴ礁などでみられる。本種の分類をめぐる過程は複雑であり、最近まで本種がマブタシマアジ属に分類されることには異論があったが、分子系統学の研究によってその分類の正当性が立証された。同属他種と非常に良く似るが、独特な歯の形状により他種と区別することができる。ミヤカミヒラアジは肉食魚であり、様々な種の甲殻類エビなどを捕食する。本種の繁殖と発生についてはインドにおいて集中的に研究が行われ、本種が1月から9月までの期間内に一度産卵を行うことが分かっている。本種は熱帯域で行われる漁業においてよく捕獲され、干物、あるいは鮮魚として販売される。

分類[編集]

ミヤカミヒラアジはスズキ目アジ科マブタシマアジ属(Alepes)に属する[1]

マブタシマアジ属の他の多くの種と同様、本種の分類をめぐる歴史は複雑である。本種は7度も異なった学名で記載され、そのうち3つの学名は記載時とは異なった属に移されている[2]。本種が初めて記載されたのは、1793年、ドイツ博物学者マルクス・エリエゼル・ブロッホによってであった。この時の学名はScomber kleiniiであり、サバ科サバ属(Scomber)に分類されていた。これは後にアジ科のギンガメアジ属(Caranx)に、最終的には1839年にスウェインソンによって作られた新属、マブタシマアジ属(Alepes)に移された。このために現在有効な学名は、Alepes kleiniiとなっている[2]。1833年にはジョルジュ・キュヴィエが本種を3つの異なった学名に分けて記載している。そのうち2つはマブタシマアジ属に移され、Alepes para、そしてAlepes kallaという後行シノニムとなっている。このキュヴィエによる試みののちも、本種はピーター・ブリーカーをはじめとした3人によってそれぞれ異なった学名により記載されており、1942年には本種をめぐる多数のシノニムを整理して、本種の亜種を作るべきだと提唱する論文も発表されている[3]。本種のタイプ標本はインドのマラバール海岸の沖で採集されたものである[4]

本種、そしてその多くのシノニムはマブタシマアジ属に属しているが、本種の歯の特徴のために、その分類の正当性は論争の的となっていた。例えば、本種の歯は円錐形をしており、マブタシマアジ属の他種にみられる櫛状の歯とは差異が大きいことから、本種は単型の新属を作ってそこに分類するのがよいとする論文がある[5]。この問題は、最終的に分子系統学の研究によって解決された。つまり、本種と同属のクロボシヒラアジ(A. djedaba)を比較した研究において、両種は非常に近縁で、両種を別属として分類することには正当性が無いことが示されたのである[6]

形態[編集]

 src=
ミヤカミヒラアジは体の上部に縞をもつ

ミヤカミヒラアジの体型は他のマブタシマアジ属の種と似ており、強く側偏した楕円形の体をもつ。体型は上下非対称で背側よりも腹側の方が突き出ているほか、尾鰭も上下非対称形である[7]。頭部は吻に向かって先細りしており、大きな眼にはよく発達した脂瞼英語版(透明な状の部分)がある。歯の形状は本種を特徴づけ、同属他種と区別する形質のひとつである。上顎の前方には大きさの異なる鋭い円錐形の歯で構成される二本の歯列があるが、後方では丸みを帯びた歯が列間の隙間をつくらずに並んでいる[7][8]。 下顎についても同様、前方では短い円錐形の歯によって成っていた二本の歯列が、後方にいくにつれてより丸みを帯びた歯からなるひとつの歯列となっていく。背鰭は二つに分離しており、第一背鰭は8本の棘条をもち、第二背鰭は1本の棘条とそれに続く23本から26本の軟条をもつ。臀鰭(尻びれ)は前方に分離した2本の棘条と、後方にある1本の棘条とそれに続く19本から22本の軟条から成っている[9]。尾鰭の上部は下部よりも大きく、腹鰭は他のアジ科魚類と比較してきわめて小さい。側線は体の前方で大きく湾曲し、側線の直線部と曲線部の境界は背鰭はの4番目から6番目の軟条の位置である。側線の直線部には32枚から46枚の鱗と最大でも2枚の稜鱗英語版アジ亜科に特有の鱗)があり、曲線部には32枚から46枚の稜鱗と、最大でも2枚の鱗がある。本種の椎骨数は24で、鰓篩数は38から44である[10]。本種は他のアジ科魚類と比べてきわめて小型の種であり、記録されている最大体長は尾叉長で16cmである[2]

本種が生きているうちは、背部は青色を帯びた灰色から緑色を帯びた灰色であり、腹部はより明るい銀色を帯びた体色である。暗い垂直の縞が体側の側線より上部に現れることがあり、鰓蓋上部には大きな黒い斑がある[9]。本種の黒斑は鰓蓋上部から側線の始点まで広がっているが、同属種のクロボシヒラアジの黒斑は鰓蓋上部のみにとどまっておりこの点でも区別が可能である[8]。各鰭は青白色や透明であるが、尾鰭のみは黄色から黒ずんだ色をしており、尾鰭上部は下部に比べてより明るく、暗い色でわずかに縁取られる[9]

分布[編集]

ミヤカミヒラアジは、東インド洋から西太平洋の熱帯域に広く分布するが、他のマブタシマアジ属魚類と比べると分布域はやや狭い。本種は西は紅海[11]でも見つかっているが、パキスタンの西部の海域ではあまりみられない。インドスリランカ東南アジアの沿岸ではよくみられ、生息域はインドネシアフィリピン台湾、北は日本、南はオーストラリア北部まで広がっている[7]。本種はCaranx kallaとして地中海でも記録があり、紅海からスエズ運河を通り生息域を伸ばしていると考えられる[11]

日本においては、1963年には三重県尾鷲市の魚市場において得られた個体、1991年には沖縄本島で採集された個体の報告がある。しかし前者は日本海域で漁獲されたものとは確認できず、後者は標本が行方不明となったため、確かな記録はなかった。現在では、2007年に宮崎県日向灘から採集された個体に基づく確かな報告がなされ、日本近海での生息が確認されている[8]

本種は沿岸海域の、岩礁サンゴ礁などに生息する[2]

生態[編集]

 src=
ミヤカミヒラアジのイラスト

ミヤカミヒラアジは肉食魚である。いくつかの地域では一年のうちに本種の食生活が変化することが報告されている。1988年のインド近海で行われた研究では、1年のうち2月から3月までの間は捕食活動が活発になるが、それ以外の期間ではそれほど活発に捕食は行わないことがわかった[12]。本種は主にカイアシ類をはじめとした小型の甲殻類や、小魚幼魚などを捕食し、端脚類や魚卵なども捕食することがある[12]

本種の繁殖、産卵はインド近海のみで研究が進んでいる。インドでは本種は1月から9月までの期間内に一度産卵を行い、特に2月と、6月から8月が産卵活動のピークである[13]。卵は透明な球形で直径は0.58mmから0.61mmほどであり、海中を漂う。孵化直後の仔魚は体長1.13mmほどである。仔魚の発生過程については詳しい研究がなされている[14]。本種の繁殖力は、個体の全長と体重と相関関係があることがわかっている[13]。 本種の成長についてもインドのマンガロール近海において研究がなされている。孵化した個体は1年で体長83mmから84mmにまで成長し、2年目で体長131mm、3年目で体長143mmほどに成長する[15]。収集されたデータに基づいてつくった成長曲線によって、十分長い寿命を持つと仮定したときの最大体長は17.1cmほどと推定された[15]。オスは体長128.5mmほど、メスは体長126.5mmほどで性的成熟に達する[13]

人間との関係[編集]

本種は様々な種類の漁業によって漁獲されるが、漁獲量についてのデータはない[7]。商業的価値は高くないものの、鮮魚として、あるいは干物として販売されることがある[2]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Alepes kleinii, ITIS, http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=641975 2008年1月2日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2008). "Alepes kleinii" in FishBase. January 2008 version.
  3. ^ Nichols, J.T. (1942). “On Fishes Confused with Caranx kalla Cuvier and Valenciennes”. Copeia (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists) 1942 (4): 226–229. doi:10.2307/1438009. JSTOR 1438009.
  4. ^ Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao (14 April 1999). “A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records”. Zoological Studies 38 (1): 33–68. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=10055944.
  5. ^ Gunn, John S. (1990). “A revision of selected genera of the family Carangidae (Pisces) from Australian waters”. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 12: 1–78. doi:10.3853/j.0812-7387.12.1990.92.
  6. ^ Zhu, Shi-Hua; Wen-Juan Zing, Ji-Xing Zou, Yin-Chung Yang & Xi-Quan Shen (2007). “Molecular phylogenetic relationship of Carangidae based on the sequences of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene”. Acta Zoologica Sinica 53 (4): 641–650. http://www.actazool.org/paperdetail.asp?id=6630&volume=53&number=4&bgpage=641&=endpage650&year=2007&month=8
  7. ^ a b c d Carpenter, Kent E.; Volker H. Niem (eds.) (2001). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome: FAO. pp. 2684. ISBN 92-5-104587-9. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/y4160e/y4160e00.pdf.
  8. ^ a b c 田中文也・和田正昭・吉野哲夫・木村清志・岩槻幸雄「ミヤカミヒラアジAlepes kleiniiの日本水域からの記録」 『タクサ:日本動物分類学会誌』31号、2011年、23-27頁
  9. ^ a b c Randall, John Ernest; Roger C. Steene; Gerald R. Allen (1997). Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 161. ISBN 0-8248-1895-4.
  10. ^ Randall, John E. (1995). Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 183. ISBN 0-8248-1808-3.
  11. ^ a b Adam, B.T. (1966). “Red Sea Fishes Recently Found in the Mediterranean”. Copeia (American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists) 1966 (2): 254–275. doi:10.2307/1441133. JSTOR 1441133.
  12. ^ a b Kalita, Binod; Jayabalan, N. (2000). “Food and feeding habits of the golden scad Caranx kalla (Cuv. & Val.) along Mangalore coast”. Environment and Ecology 18 (4): 869–873. ISSN 0970-0420.
  13. ^ a b c Venkataramani, V.K.; Natarajan, R. (1984). “Breeding biology of carangid fishes Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch and Schn.) and Alepes kalla (Cuv. and Val.) along Porto Novo Coast”. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences (New Delhi) 13 (1): 14–18. ISSN 0379-5136.
  14. ^ Subrahmanyam, C.B. (1968). “Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras”. Journal of the Marine Biology Association of India 8 (1): 188–192.
  15. ^ a b Kalita, B.; Jayabalan, N. (1997). “Age and growth of the carangid Alepes para (Class: Osteichthyes) from Mangalore coast, west coast of India”. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 26 (1): 107–108. ISSN 0379-5136.
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ミヤカミヒラアジ: Brief Summary ( јапонски )

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ミヤカミヒラアジ(学名:Alepes kleinii)はアジ科に属し熱帯の海に生息する小型の魚類である。西はパキスタン、東はオーストラリア日本までを含むインド太平洋の沿岸域に生息し、しばしば岩礁サンゴ礁などでみられる。本種の分類をめぐる過程は複雑であり、最近まで本種がマブタシマアジ属に分類されることには異論があったが、分子系統学の研究によってその分類の正当性が立証された。同属他種と非常に良く似るが、独特な歯の形状により他種と区別することができる。ミヤカミヒラアジは肉食魚であり、様々な種の甲殻類エビなどを捕食する。本種の繁殖と発生についてはインドにおいて集中的に研究が行われ、本種が1月から9月までの期間内に一度産卵を行うことが分かっている。本種は熱帯域で行われる漁業においてよく捕獲され、干物、あるいは鮮魚として販売される。

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