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Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Cymathoidae is a large family of isopods that are obligate parasites on marine, brackish and freshwater teleost fish worldwide, including many fish of economic importance.Almost all are found exclusively in shallow tropical and subtropical waters. This family includes some of the largest isopod species, reaching up to 75 mm (3 inches), but others reach only 3mm (0.1 inches) in length as adults.Their mouthparts are highly modified and specialized for blood feeding on fish hosts, and they are often asymmetric as a result of attaching to host surfaces (Brusca 1983; Thatcher 2000).

Most cymathids attach to their host by hooking onto the exterior scales or inhabit the gills or mouth (buccal cavity).Those that live in the buccal cavity can reduce or cause complete atrophy of the host’s tongue, and are called “tongue biters”.A few species (almost exclusively fresh-water species) burrow under the skin and live in a muscle tissue pocket.Some genera are highly specific on particular fish species, others are generalist and found on a variety of fish families, and even some invertebrate hosts, such as squid.While records are sketchy, there seems to be a correlation between isopod species with a broad geographic range and larger number of possible host species.Isopods also may have preferences for fish hosts that inhabit similar ecological niches, such as fish that school, rather than fish that are closely related (Brusca 1983; Thatcher 2000).

Cymathoid isopods are protandrous hermaphrodites, that is, they are born male and convert into females as adults.Young male stages disperse by swimming; attaching to and feeding from multiple hosts temporarily until they choose a permanent host, lose their swimming setae and become immobile. The first isopod to settle on a host will grow rapidly and transform into a female; subsequent colonizers will remain male to fertilize her.While all male stages are parasitic, females in some genera are non-feeding, although they survive only in association with a host (Brusca 1983; Thatcher 2000).

Cymathid isopods can cause anemia and reduced weight gain in their hosts, as well as promoting fungal and bacterial infections of the flesh lesions they create, block the reproductive output of their hosts in various ways (for e.g. see Fogelman et al. 2009), and even larvae can cause the death of temporary hosts they parasitize.Some isopods, however, appear to have limited effect on their hosts health, and Brusca and Gillian (1983) suggest that isopods inhabiting the buccal cavity of their hosts may in fact serve as a tongue replacement that is more efficient for feeding that the fish’s own tongue (cited in Thatcher 2000).

The cymathid family classification is poorly understood; many of the original taxa descriptions were cursory and not adequate to identify and distinguish species or even genera from one another.Furthermore, many species show a large degree of morphological variability.Since it is a large family with 42 genera and possibly 400 species (more than 325 recognized as of 2008; Ketmaier et al. 2008), re-assessing and describing taxa is a large project necessary for revision the family.Studies using molecular methods are augmenting these descriptions to estimate a phylogenetic reconstruction of the group, and improving taxonomic revision of this family (Ketmaier et al. 2008).

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Cymothoidae ( германски )

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Cymothoidae sind eine Familie von Asseln, die parasitisch an Fischen leben.

Merkmale

Mit bis zu 75 Millimetern Länge gehören einige der größten Asseln zu den Cymothoidae. Die Tiere weisen eine Reihe von Anpassungen an die parasitische Lebensweise auf. Bis auf Artystone trysibiu haben sie sieben Peraeopoden, die zu Greifwerkzeugen ausgebildet sind, indem die ersten sechs, meist aber alle sieben hakenartige Endglieder aufweisen. Die Oberfläche der Peraeopoden ist häufig vergrößert, möglicherweise um die Atmung der relativ großen Tiere zu unterstützen. Die Augen sind bei Larven gut ausgebildet, bei erwachsenen Tieren aber meist reduziert. Die Antennen sind gleichmäßig zugespitzt ohne verbreiterte Basis. Die Mundwerkzeuge sind meist stark abgewandelt. Die Maxillipeden sind zu kurzen, dreigliedrigen Tastern reduziert. Die ersten Maxillen sind eingliedrig und schmal und liegen dicht nebeneinander, um Blut des Wirts zum Mund zu leiten. Die zweiten Maxillen sind kurz und zweilappig. Alle genannten Gliedmaßen tragen meist Dornen, mit denen sie am Wirt verankert werden können. Die Mandibeln weisen eine gut entwickelte Schneidekante auf, um die Haut des Wirts durchschneiden zu können. Das Pleon besteht meist aus sechs Segmenten, außer bei Ourozeuktes, wo alle Segmente mit dem Telson verschmolzen sind und Asotana splendida mit vier Segmenten und Pleotelson.[1]

Lebensweise

Cymothoidae kommen als Ektoparasiten an Fischen im flachen Bereich tropischer und subtropischer Meere, im Brackwasser und teilweise auch im Süßwasser vor. Die meisten Arten weisen eine relativ hohe Wirtsspezifität auf und setzen sich an der Hautoberfläche, im Kiemenbereich oder in der Mundhöhle fest, eine Reihe südamerikanischer Süßwasserarten gräbt sich auch in das Gewebe ihres Wirts ein. Cymothoidae sind proterandrisch, beginnen ihr Leben also als Männchen, und besiedeln in dieser Phase ihre Wirte. Sie ernähren sich von Blut, Gewebe und möglicherweise teilweise von der Nahrung des Wirts. Nach mehreren Häutungen verwandeln die Tiere sich in Weibchen, wobei das entscheidende Signal möglicherweise die Ankunft eines zweiten Männchens am gleichen Wirt ist. Bei diesem wird die Umwandlung dann durch neuroendokrine Signale des Weibchens unterdrückt. Dadurch sind an den Wirtstieren meist Paare zu finden. Während die Männchen wahrscheinlich immer parasitisch leben, fressen die Weibchen bei den meisten Arten zumindest während der Fortpflanzungphasen nicht. Bei Cymothoa exigua und Ceratothou oestroides führen die Weibchen eine Atrophie der Zunge des Wirts herbei. Befruchtete Eier werden von den Weibchen bis zum Schlüpfen in Bruttaschen unter dem Körper gehalten. Die Zahl der Eier hängt von der Größe der Tiere ab und liegt bei 200 bis 1600, meist aber zwischen 300 und 600. Die Larven sind nach dem Schlüpfen freischwimmend.

Während Cymothoidae unter normalen Bedingungen meist wenig Einfluss auf den Wirt haben, können junge Fische durch den Befall getötet werden, während bei älteren Fischen das Wachstum reduziert sein kann und die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Stressfaktoren gesteigert ist. Sekundärinfektionen mit Mikroorganismen kommen vor, sind aber nicht besonders häufig.[1][2]

Gattungen

Bisher wurden um die 40 unterschiedlichen Gattungen entdeckt und beschrieben:[3]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Richard C. Brusca: A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Band 73, 1981, S. 117–199 (englisch, Volltext [PDF; 5,4 MB]).
  2. Glenn L. Hoffman: Parasites of North American freshwater fishes. 2. Auflage. Cornell University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8014-3409-2, S. 326.
  3. Familieneintrag bei ITIS
  4. Hüseyin Özdikmen: A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae). In: Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 4, Nr. 2, 2009, S. 611–612 (englisch, munisentzool.org [PDF]).
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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Cymothoidae sind eine Familie von Asseln, die parasitisch an Fischen leben.

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Cymothoidae ( англиски )

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The Cymothoidae are a family of isopods in the suborder Cymothoida found in both marine and freshwater environments. Cymoithoids are ectoparasites, usually of fish, and they include the bizarre "tongue-biter" (Cymothoa exigua), which attaches to a fish's tongue, causing it to atrophy, and replaces the tongue with its own body.[2] Ceratothoa oestroides is one of the most devastating ectoparasites in Mediterranean aquaculture. Around 40 genera and more than 380 species of cymothoid are recognised.[3] Species of the Cymothoidae are generally found in warmer waters and rarely in the cool and cold climates.[4]

Characteristics

Cymothoids exhibit various adaptations to their parasitic lifestyles.[5] As juveniles, they are not specific in their requirements, and attach themselves temporarily to the skin of any fish. They produce anticoagulants and suck the fish's blood. They detach from their first host and later find another host. When they have found the correct species of fish for their adult development, they attach more permanently. As adults, most species require a particular host species, and are also site-specific. Locations for attachment chosen by different species of parasite include the skin, fins, gills, and mouth, while some species bore into muscle.[3]

Biology

Cymothoids are protandrous hermaphrodites; each juvenile develops first into a male, but if no females are nearby, the male later becomes a female and attaches permanently to the host. This female is able to secrete pheromones that prevent male cymothoids in the vicinity from becoming female. These parasites can cause serious damage to their hosts, ranging from slow growth rate, through tissue damage and anaemia, to death. Many host fish have mutualistic arrangements with certain shrimps such as Ancylomenes pedersoni, whereby the fish visits a "cleaning station" and the shrimps remove and feed on the cymothoid parasites.[6]

Classification

According to the World Register of Marine Species, the family contains these genera:[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn Schotte (2011). Schotte M, Boyko CB, Bruce NL, Poore GC, Taiti S, Wilson GD (eds.). "Cymothoidae". World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  2. ^ R. C. Brusca; M. R. Gilligan (1983). "Tongue replacement in a marine fish (Lutjanus guttatus) by a parasitic isopod (Crustacea: Isopoda)". Copeia. 1983 (3): 813–816. doi:10.2307/1444352. JSTOR 1444352.
  3. ^ a b Srour, Marc (2012-07-13). "Tongue Biters and Deep Sea Giants: The Cymothoida (Crustacea: Isopoda)". Teaching Biology. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
  4. ^ Brusca, Richard C. (1981). "A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 73 (2): 117–199. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01592.x.
  5. ^ van der Wal, Serita; Haug, Joachim T. (2020). "Shape of attachment structures in parasitic isopodan crustaceans: the influence of attachment site and ontogeny". PeerJ. 8: e9181. doi:10.7717/peerj.9181. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7306222. PMID 32596034. open access
  6. ^ Bunkley-Williams, Lucy; Williams, Ernest H. Jr. (1998). "Ability of Pederson Cleaner Shrimp to Remove Juveniles of the Parasitic Cymothoid Isopod, Anilocra haemuli, from the Host". Crustaceana. 71 (8): 862–869. doi:10.1163/156854098x00888. JSTOR 20106067.
  7. ^ Hüseyin Özdikmen (2009). "A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae)" (PDF). Munis Entomology & Zoology. 4 (2): 611–612.
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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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The Cymothoidae are a family of isopods in the suborder Cymothoida found in both marine and freshwater environments. Cymoithoids are ectoparasites, usually of fish, and they include the bizarre "tongue-biter" (Cymothoa exigua), which attaches to a fish's tongue, causing it to atrophy, and replaces the tongue with its own body. Ceratothoa oestroides is one of the most devastating ectoparasites in Mediterranean aquaculture. Around 40 genera and more than 380 species of cymothoid are recognised. Species of the Cymothoidae are generally found in warmer waters and rarely in the cool and cold climates.

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Cymothoidae ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Los cimotoidos (Cymothoidae) son una familia de crustáceos isópodos. Sus 400 especies son parásitas de peces y casi cosmopolitas.[1]

Géneros

Se reconocen los 43 siguientes:[1]

Referencias

  1. a b WoRMS, ed. (2014). «Cymothoidae». Marinespecies (en inglés). Consultado el 5 de diciembre de 2014.

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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Los cimotoidos (Cymothoidae) son una familia de crustáceos isópodos. Sus 400 especies son parásitas de peces y casi cosmopolitas.​

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Cymothoidae ( француски )

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Les Cymothoidae sont une famille de crustacés isopodes, c'est-à-dire proches des cloportes. Tous sont parasites externes d'animaux aquatiques, surtout de poissons marins, comme Cymothoa exigua. Ils sont fréquemment connus sous le nom de poux de mer.

Description

Certains cymothoidés comptent parmi les plus grandes espèces d'isopodes, pouvant atteindre 75 mm de long. Le corps est légèrement asymétrique, probablement en relation avec la position sur l'hôte en cours de croissance. Les pièces buccales sont modifiées en raison du mode de vie parasitaire. Tous (sauf une espèce[Laquelle ?]) possèdent sept paires de pattes préhensiles[réf. nécessaire].

Liste des genres

La famille, l'une des deux plus grandes des isopodes, comporte 325 espèces environ regroupées en 42 genres[3],[4].

William Elford Leach a formé plusieurs noms de genres, comme Anilocra, Nerocila ou Olencira sur des anagrammes de Carolina ou Caroline, le prénom de son épouse. Cette tradition a été perpétuée par d'autres auteurs.

Selon World Register of Marine Species (27 juin 2021)[5] :

Notes et références

  1. JL. Justine, I. Beveridge, GA. Boxshall, RA. Bray, TL. Miller, F. Moravec, JP. Trilles et ID. Whittington, « An annotated list of fish parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda) collected from Snappers and Bream (Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Caesionidae) in New Caledonia confirms high parasite biodiversity on coral reef fish. », Aquat Biosyst, vol. 8, no 1,‎ 2012, p. 22 (PMID , PMCID , DOI )
  2. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), www.itis.gov, CC0 https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK, consulté le 26 mars 2015
  3. (en) Ketmaier, V., Joyce, D.A., Horton, T. & Mariani, S., 2008. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the evolution of parasitic strategies in cymothoid isopods (Crustacea). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 46 (1), 19-23.
  4. (en) Brusca, R.C., 1981. A monograph on the Isopoda, Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the Eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 117–199. Article
  5. World Register of Marine Species, consulté le 27 juin 2021

Voir aussi

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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Les Cymothoidae sont une famille de crustacés isopodes, c'est-à-dire proches des cloportes. Tous sont parasites externes d'animaux aquatiques, surtout de poissons marins, comme Cymothoa exigua. Ils sont fréquemment connus sous le nom de poux de mer.

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Cymothoidae ( индонезиски )

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Cymothoidae adalah famili isopod. Beberapa spesies di antaranya merupakan parasit, dan biasanya yang menjadi inangnya adalah ikan. Terdapat empat puluh genera [1]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn Schotte (2011). M. Schotte, C. B. Boyko, N. L. Bruce, G. C. B. Poore, S. Taiti & G. D. F. Wilson, ed. "Cymothoidae". World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. World Register of Marine Species. Diakses tanggal December 9, 2011.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (link)
  2. ^ Hüseyin Özdikmen (2009). "A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae)" (PDF). Mun. Ent. Zool. 4 (2): 611–612.

Pranala luar

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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( индонезиски )

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Cymothoidae adalah famili isopod. Beberapa spesies di antaranya merupakan parasit, dan biasanya yang menjadi inangnya adalah ikan. Terdapat empat puluh genera

Aegathoa Dana, 1853 Agarna Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Amblycephalon Pillai, 1954 Anilocra Leach, 1818 Anphira Thatcher, 1993 Artystone Schioedte, 1866 Asotana Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Braga Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Catoessa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 Cinusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Creniola Bruce, 1987 Cterissa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Cymothoa Fabricius, 1787 Elthusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Emetha Schioedte & Meinert, 1883 Glossobius Schioedte & Meinert, 1883 Ichthyoxenus Herklots, 1870 Idusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Isonebula Taberner, 1977 Joryma Bowman & Tareen, 1983 Kuno Williams & Williams, 1986 Lathraena Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Livoneca Leach, 1818 Lobothorax Bleeker, 1857 Mothocya Costa in Hope, 1851 Nerocila Leach, 1818 Norileca Bruce, 1990 Olencira Leach, 1818 Ourozeuktes H. Milne-Edwards, 1840 Paracymothoa Lemos de Castro, 1955 Philostomella Szidat & Schubart, 1960 Pleopodias Richardson, 1910 Plotor Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Pseudoirona Pillai, 1964 Renocila Miers, 1880 Rhiothra Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Riggia Szidat, 1948 Ryukyua Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1994 Smenispa Özdikmen, 2009 Telotha Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Tetragonocephalon Avdeev, 1978
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Cymothoidae ( италијански )

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Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 è una famiglia di crostacei dell'ordine degli Isopodi[1]. Sono generalmente ectoparassiti dei pesci, diffusi sia in ambiente di acqua marina che di acqua dolce.

Biologia

I Cimotoidi sono parassiti di molte specie di pesci ed hanno in genere un rapporto strettamente specie-specifico con il proprio ospite[2].

Vivono sulla pelle, sulle branchie o nella bocca dei loro ospiti. Hanno un apparato buccale penetrante-succhiante e sono in grado di infliggere estese ferite, alterare la crescita e talora causare la morte dell'ospite[3][4][5].

Tassonomia

La famiglia comprende i seguenti generi:[1]

Alcune specie

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Cymothoidae, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 22 gennaio 2016.
  2. ^ (EN) Brusca R.C., A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the Eastern Pacific, in Zool. J. Linn. Soc., vol. 73, n. 2, 1981, pp. 117-199.
  3. ^ (EN) Costa E.F.S. and Chellappa S., New host record for Livoneca redmanni (Leach, 1818) (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in the Brazilian coastal waters with aspects of host-parasite interaction, in Braz. J. Oceanogr., vol. 58, 2010, pp. 73-77.
  4. ^ (EN) Bunkley-Williams L. and Williams E.H. Jr., Isopods associated with fishes: Corrections and a synopsis, in J. Parasitol., vol. 84, n. 5, 1998, pp. 893-896.
  5. ^ (EN) Bakenhaster M.D., McBride R.S. and Price W.W., Life history of Glossobius hemiramphi (Isopoda: Cymothoidae): Development, reproduction, and symbiosis with its host Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Pisces: Hemiramphidae), in J. Crust. Biol., vol. 26, n. 3, 2006, pp. 283-294.

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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( италијански )

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Cymothoidae Leach, 1818 è una famiglia di crostacei dell'ordine degli Isopodi. Sono generalmente ectoparassiti dei pesci, diffusi sia in ambiente di acqua marina che di acqua dolce.

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Cymothoidae ( шведски )

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Cymothoidae[1] är en familj av kräftdjur som beskrevs av Leach 1814. Cymothoidae ingår i ordningen gråsuggor och tånglöss och är ektoparasiter.[1][2] Enligt Catalogue of Life omfattar familjen Cymothoidae 383 arter[1].


Släkten i alfabetisk ordning[1][2]

Bildgalleri

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c d] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (9 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/cymothoidae/match/1. Läst 24 september 2012.
  2. ^ [a b] Dyntaxa Cymothoidae


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Blue morpho butterfly 300x271.jpg Denna artikel om gråsuggor och tånglöss saknar väsentlig information. Du kan hjälpa till genom att tillföra sådan.
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Cymothoidae: Brief Summary ( шведски )

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Cymothoidae är en familj av kräftdjur som beskrevs av Leach 1814. Cymothoidae ingår i ordningen gråsuggor och tånglöss och är ektoparasiter. Enligt Catalogue of Life omfattar familjen Cymothoidae 383 arter.


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Cymothoidae ( украински )

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Anilocra sp.

  • Примітки

    1. Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn Schotte (2011). Cymothoidae. World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. World Register of Marine Species. Процитовано December 9, 2011. Проігноровано невідомий параметр |veditors= (довідка)
    2. Hüseyin Özdikmen (2009). A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) (PDF). Mun. Ent. Zool. 4 (2): 611–612.
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    縮頭水蝨科 ( кинески )

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    約40個屬,見內文

    縮頭水蝨科Cymothoidae)是等足目之下的一個科,包含多種寄生生物,通常寄生在魚類的身上,例如:縮頭魚虱。現時本科之下總共有40個可辨別的[1],分別如下:

    參考資料

    1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn Schotte. M. Schotte, C. B. Boyko, N. L. Bruce, G. C. B. Poore, S. Taiti & G. D. F. Wilson, 编. Cymothoidae. World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. World Register of Marine Species. 2011 [December 9, 2011].
    2. ^ Hüseyin Özdikmen. A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) (PDF). Mun. Ent. Zool. 2009, 4 (2): 611–612.
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    縮頭水蝨科: Brief Summary ( кинески )

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    縮頭水蝨科(Cymothoidae)是等足目之下的一個科,包含多種寄生生物,通常寄生在魚類的身上,例如:縮頭魚虱。現時本科之下總共有40個可辨別的,分別如下:

    Aegathoa Dana, 1853 Agarna Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Amblycephalon Pillai, 1954 Anilocra Leach, 1818 Anphira Thatcher, 1993 Artystone Schioedte, 1866 Asotana Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Braga Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Catoessa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Ceratothoa Dana, 1852 Cinusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Creniola Bruce, 1987 Cterissa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 縮頭水蝨屬 Cymothoa Fabricius, 1787 Elthusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Emetha Schioedte & Meinert, 1883 Glossobius Schioedte & Meinert, 1883 鱼怪属 Ichthyoxenus Herklots, 1870 Idusa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Isonebula Taberner, 1977 Joryma Bowman & Tareen, 1983 Kuna Williams & Williams, 1986 Lathraena Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 害水虱属 Livoneca Leach, 1818 Lobothorax Bleeker, 1857 Mothocya Costa in Hope, 1851 Nerocila Leach, 1818 Norileca Bruce, 1990 Olencira Leach, 1818 Ourozeuktes H. Milne-Edwards, 1840 Paracymothoa Lemos de Castro, 1955 Philostomella Szidat & Schubart, 1960 Pleopodias Richardson, 1910 Plotor Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 Pseudoirona Pillai, 1964 Renocila Miers, 1880 Rhiothra Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Riggia Szidat, 1948 Ryukyua Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 1994 Smenispa Özdikmen, 2009 Telotha Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 Tetragonocephalon Avdeev, 1978
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    ウオノエ科 ( јапонски )

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    ウオノエ科 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 節足動物門 Arthropoda 亜門 : 甲殻亜門 Crustacea : 軟甲綱 Malacostraca : 等脚目 Isopoda 亜目 : ウオノエ亜目 Cymothoida 上科 : ウオノエ上科 Cymothooidea : ウオノエ科 Cymothoidae 学名 Cymothoidae
    Leach, 1818

    本文参照

    ウオノエ科(Cymothoidae)は、等脚目に属する魚の寄生虫の一つ。漢字で書くと「魚の餌」である。アジタイサヨリなどの魚の口内やえら、体表面にへばりつき、体液を吸う。

    解説[編集]

    種類や宿主などについては不明な点が多い[1][2][3]

    ウオノエ類の寄生は、魚類に、貧血・栄養障害・発育阻害などを引き起こすため、本科による漁業対象魚種の被害が世界各地で報告されている[4]

    宿主の魚が死ぬと離れるため、釣った魚をいれておいたクーラーボックスの水の中で泳いでいるのを見つけることもある。 スーパーマーケットに売っている魚でも、まれに口からウオノエが覗いている場合もある。誤って食しても人に寄生することもない。

    研究[編集]

    欧米の水産分野では、ウオノエ類を魚類系群識別のための生物標識としても用いている[4]が、日本近海におけるウオノエ類の研究は諸外国と比較するとあまり進んでいないと指摘されている[4]

    ウオノエ類は寄生生活に適応した特殊な形態と生活サイクル(性転換など)を備えているため、進化生物学などの分野では研究対象として注目されている[5]

    愛媛大学や総合地球環境学研究所などのチームが2017年4月19日に明らかにしたところによると、ウオノエは、深海に生息していた共通の祖先から進化した可能性が高い[6]

    下位分類[編集]

    代表的な属としては、ウオノギンカ属 Anilocra ・ヒゲブトウオノエ属 Ceratothoa ・ウオノエ属 Cymothoa ・エラヌシ属 Mothocya[7]ウオノコバンNerocila[8]などがある。

    属一覧[編集]

    WoRMS[9]による。

    出典[編集]

    1. ^ ウオノエの寄生について〜広島大学デジタル博物館
    2. ^ Yamauchi, T. (2009). “Deep-sea cymothoid isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) of Pacific coast of northern Honshu, Japan”. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs 39: 467-481. http://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/00027009. [東北地方沖太平洋で採集された深海性ウオノエ類(甲殻綱:等脚目)]
    3. ^ Yamauchi, T. and Nunomura, N. (2010). “Cymothoid isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda) collected by Dr. Y. Kano in Toyama Bay of the Sea of Japan”. Bulletin of the Toyama Science Museum 33: 71-76. http://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/00029481. [加野泰男博士採集の富山湾産ウオノエ科魚類寄生虫(甲殻綱:等脚目)]
    4. ^ a b c 山内健生、日本産魚類に寄生するウオノエ科等脚類 CANCER 25巻 (2016) p.113-119, doi:10.18988/cancer.25.0_113
    5. ^ 山内健生・大塚 攻・仲達宣人 (2004) 瀬戸内海のウオノエ科魚類寄生虫. 広島大学大学院生物圏科学研究科附属瀬戸内圏フィールド科学教育研究センター報告, 1: 1-10.
    6. ^ 魚の口にすむ「ウオノエ」、深海の共通祖先が進化 400種生息 日本経済新聞 2017/4/19 21:41
    7. ^ 山内健生・久志本鉄平・長谷川修平・大池辰也 (2008) スナメリ(クジラ目:ネズミイルカ科)の胃内容物から発見されたウオノエ科魚類寄生虫(甲殻綱:等脚目). 人と自然, 19: 143-146.
    8. ^ Yamauchi, T. and Nagasawa, K. (2012). “Redescription of the fish parasite Nerocila japonica Schioedte & Meinert, 1881 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae), with comments on previous records of N. acuminata in Japanese waters”. Systematic Parasitology 81 (2): 147-157. doi:10.1007/s11230-011-9336-5.
    9. ^ Cymothoidae in WoRMS”. 関連項目[編集]  src= ウィキスピーシーズにウオノエ科に関する情報があります。

      外部リンク[編集]

      執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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    ウオノエ科: Brief Summary ( јапонски )

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     src= タイ科の一種Lithognathus auretiに寄生するAnilocra capensis

    ウオノエ科(Cymothoidae)は、等脚目に属する魚の寄生虫の一つ。漢字で書くと「魚の餌」である。アジタイサヨリなどの魚の口内やえら、体表面にへばりつき、体液を吸う。

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    갈고리벌레과 ( корејски )

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    갈고리벌레과[2](Cymothoidae)는 등각류에 속하는 갑각류 과의 하나이다. 일부 종들은 어류의 몸에 기생한다. 갈고리벌레(Elthusa raynaudii)와 물고기 혀을 파먹는 종으로 알려진 "에일리언 베티"[3] 또는 키모토아 엑시구아(Cymothoa exigua), 케라토토아 이탈리카(Cerathotoa italica)[3] 등을 포함하고 있다. 약 40여 속이 기록되어 있다.[1] 암컷의 몸길이는 8~29mm, 폭은 최대 4~14mm이고, 수컷은 몸길이 7.5~15mm이고 폭은 3~7mm 정도이다.[4]

    하위 속

    각주

    1. Niel L. Bruce & Marilyn Schotte (2011). “Cymothoidae”. 2011년 12월 9일에 확인함.
    2. 한반도 생물자원포탈(SPECIES KOREA). “한반도 생물자원포탈 종분류체계 갈고리벌레과(Cymothoidae) 정보”. 2012년 3월 4일에 확인함.
    3. “물고기혀 먹는 ‘에일리언 기생충’ 확산 충격”. 서울신문 나우뉴스. 2012년 3월 3일. 2012년 3월 4일에 확인함.
    4. Richard C. Brusca (1981). “A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae (Crustacea) of the Eastern Pacific” (PDF). 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》 73 (2): 117–199. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01592.x.
    5. Hüseyin Özdikmen (2009). “A new name, Smenispa for the preoccupied isopod genus Enispa Schioedte & Meinert, 1884 (Isopoda: Cymothoidae)” (Portable Document Format). 《Mun. Ent. Zool.》 4 (2): 611–612.
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    갈고리벌레과: Brief Summary ( корејски )

    добавил wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    갈고리벌레과(Cymothoidae)는 등각류에 속하는 갑각류 과의 하나이다. 일부 종들은 어류의 몸에 기생한다. 갈고리벌레(Elthusa raynaudii)와 물고기 혀을 파먹는 종으로 알려진 "에일리언 베티" 또는 키모토아 엑시구아(Cymothoa exigua), 케라토토아 이탈리카(Cerathotoa italica) 등을 포함하고 있다. 약 40여 속이 기록되어 있다. 암컷의 몸길이는 8~29mm, 폭은 최대 4~14mm이고, 수컷은 몸길이 7.5~15mm이고 폭은 3~7mm 정도이다.

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