Die Pseudoxenodontinae sind eine in Südostasien, China und Taiwan vorkommende Unterfamilie kleiner Schlangen aus der Familie der Nattern (Colubridae). Die Schlangen besiedeln teilweise Bergregionen. Thermophis baileyi kommt sogar in Tibet in Höhen von 3000 bis 4000 Metern vor[1].
Die zu den Pseudoxenodontinae gehörenden Arten sind klein bis mittelgroß und werden 40 bis 120 cm lang.
Diagnostisches Merkmal der Unterfamilie ist der sehr tief gegabelte Hemipenes. Jeder Hemipenis ist auf seiner vom Körperstamm nach außen gerichteten Teil mit Calyces besetzt, kleine und einzellige Strukturen, die ein komplexes Faltenmuster bilden, während der mittlere Teil nackt ist. In Fransen angeordnete große Papillen trennen den nackten Bereich von dem mit Calyces besetzten ab.
Die Pseudoxenodontinae sind eine in Südostasien, China und Taiwan vorkommende Unterfamilie kleiner Schlangen aus der Familie der Nattern (Colubridae). Die Schlangen besiedeln teilweise Bergregionen. Thermophis baileyi kommt sogar in Tibet in Höhen von 3000 bis 4000 Metern vor.
Pseudoxenodontinae is a small subfamily of colubroid snakes, sometimes referred to as a family (Pseudoxenodontidae). They are found in southern and southeastern Asia, from northeast India to southern China (including Taiwan) and south into Indonesia as far east as Wallace's Line. There are 10 species in 2 genera.[1] Most are very poorly known, such that Pseudoxenodontinae is one of the most poorly known groups of snakes.[2]
Pseudoxenodontine snakes are small to medium-sized egg-laying[1] snakes. Shared features of the hemipenes between Pseudoxenodon and Plagiopholis first described in 1987,[3] were later backed up by evidence from DNA in the early-2010s.[4]
There are many differences between the two genera. Pseudoxenodon seem to be found along streams in wet forests,[2][5] whereas Plagiopholis are apparently found in grasses, bushes, and riprap.[6] Pseudoxenodon eat frogs and lizards[7] and Plagiopholis eat earthworms.[6] Plagiopholis (20 to 40 cm total length[6]) are smaller than Pseudoxenodon (50 to 170 cm in total length[7]). At least two species of Pseudoxenodon (P. bambusicola and P. macrops) have impressive threat displays, including flashing boldly banded ventral patterning and bright yellow coloration, spreading a hood, and playing dead.[7][8] Plagiopholis have no enlarged teeth,[9] but Pseudoxenodon have the two posterior-most maxillary teeth enlarged.[7] No bites to humans are known.[10][11]
In spite of these differences, several studies have placed these two genera in a group together at or near the base of either Dipsadinae or Dipsadinae + Natricinae,[4][12][13] whereas one study suggested that at least Pseudoxenodon is nested within Dipsadidae and represents a reverse west-to-east colonization across the Bering Land Bridge, from South America to Asia.[14]
Pseudoxenodontinae is a small subfamily of colubroid snakes, sometimes referred to as a family (Pseudoxenodontidae). They are found in southern and southeastern Asia, from northeast India to southern China (including Taiwan) and south into Indonesia as far east as Wallace's Line. There are 10 species in 2 genera. Most are very poorly known, such that Pseudoxenodontinae is one of the most poorly known groups of snakes.
Pseudoxenodontine snakes are small to medium-sized egg-laying snakes. Shared features of the hemipenes between Pseudoxenodon and Plagiopholis first described in 1987, were later backed up by evidence from DNA in the early-2010s.
There are many differences between the two genera. Pseudoxenodon seem to be found along streams in wet forests, whereas Plagiopholis are apparently found in grasses, bushes, and riprap. Pseudoxenodon eat frogs and lizards and Plagiopholis eat earthworms. Plagiopholis (20 to 40 cm total length) are smaller than Pseudoxenodon (50 to 170 cm in total length). At least two species of Pseudoxenodon (P. bambusicola and P. macrops) have impressive threat displays, including flashing boldly banded ventral patterning and bright yellow coloration, spreading a hood, and playing dead. Plagiopholis have no enlarged teeth, but Pseudoxenodon have the two posterior-most maxillary teeth enlarged. No bites to humans are known.
In spite of these differences, several studies have placed these two genera in a group together at or near the base of either Dipsadinae or Dipsadinae + Natricinae, whereas one study suggested that at least Pseudoxenodon is nested within Dipsadidae and represents a reverse west-to-east colonization across the Bering Land Bridge, from South America to Asia.
Pseudoxenodontidae on madude sugukond.
Sugukonda Pseudoxenodontidae klassifitseeritakse roomajate andmebaasis järgmised maoperekonnad[1]:
Selles artiklis on kasutatud prantsuskeelset artiklit fr:Pseudoxenodontidae seisuga 01.02.2014.
Pseudoxenodontidae suge familia bat da. Asiako hego-ekialdean bizi dira.
Les Pseudoxenodontidae sont une famille de serpents. Elle a été décrite par Samuel Booker McDowell en 1987.
Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent dans le sud-est de l'Asie.
Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (9 avril 2013)[1] :
Cette famille était par le passé considérée comme une sous-famille des Colubridae.
Les Pseudoxenodontidae sont une famille de serpents. Elle a été décrite par Samuel Booker McDowell en 1987.
Pseudoxenodontidae adalah familia ular. Sebelumnya, suku ini adalah anak suku dari Colubridae. Namun, sekarang dipisah menjadi famili tersendiri oleh ilmuwan bernama Samuel Booker McDowell. Suku ini terdapat di Asia Tenggara dan berkerabat dekat dengan suku Dipsadidae dari Amerika.
Suku ini hanya mencakup 2 genus.
Pseudoxenodontidae adalah familia ular. Sebelumnya, suku ini adalah anak suku dari Colubridae. Namun, sekarang dipisah menjadi famili tersendiri oleh ilmuwan bernama Samuel Booker McDowell. Suku ini terdapat di Asia Tenggara dan berkerabat dekat dengan suku Dipsadidae dari Amerika.
Kapučzalkšu apakšdzimta jeb viltus kobru apakšdzimta (Pseudoxenodontinae) ir vismazākā zalkšu dzimtas (Colubridae) apakšdzimta, kas reizēm tiek izdalīta kā atsevišķa dzimta — Pseudoxenodontidae.[1] Šajā apakšdzimtā ir apvienotas 11 sugas, kas tiek iedalītas 2 ģintīs.[1][2]
Lielākā daļa šīs grupas sugu izplatītas Dienvidaustrumāzijā, viena suga sastopama Indijā, kā arī šīs apakšdzimtas sugas mājo Indonēzijas un Malaizijas salās.[1] Par šīm sugām ir ļoti maz zināmu faktu, jo tām nav veikti pētījumi savvaļā. Raibkakla zalkši mājo kalnainos reģionos un atkarībā no sugas tas var būt līdz 1500—2500 metriem virs jūras līmeņa.[3] Šīs apakšdzimtas zalkši galvenokārt medī vardes. Par vienu sugu — lielacu kapučzalkti (Pseudoxenodon macrops) — ir zināms, ka mātīte dēj olas.[1]
Kapučzalkšu apakšdzimta (Pseudoxenodontinae)[2][4]
Kapučzalkšu apakšdzimta jeb viltus kobru apakšdzimta (Pseudoxenodontinae) ir vismazākā zalkšu dzimtas (Colubridae) apakšdzimta, kas reizēm tiek izdalīta kā atsevišķa dzimta — Pseudoxenodontidae. Šajā apakšdzimtā ir apvienotas 11 sugas, kas tiek iedalītas 2 ģintīs.
Lielākā daļa šīs grupas sugu izplatītas Dienvidaustrumāzijā, viena suga sastopama Indijā, kā arī šīs apakšdzimtas sugas mājo Indonēzijas un Malaizijas salās. Par šīm sugām ir ļoti maz zināmu faktu, jo tām nav veikti pētījumi savvaļā. Raibkakla zalkši mājo kalnainos reģionos un atkarībā no sugas tas var būt līdz 1500—2500 metriem virs jūras līmeņa. Šīs apakšdzimtas zalkši galvenokārt medī vardes. Par vienu sugu — lielacu kapučzalkti (Pseudoxenodon macrops) — ir zināms, ka mātīte dēj olas.
