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Höckernattern ( германски )

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Die Höckernattern (Xenodermidae) sind eine in Süd- und Südostasien, China, Japan und Taiwan vorkommende Schlangenfamilie.

Merkmale

Höckernattern sind klein und erreichen im Allgemeinen nicht einmal eine Länge von einem halben Meter. Ihre Beschuppung ist heterogen. Zwischen winzigen, länglichen Höckerschuppen finden sich teilweise noch Reihen größerer gekielter Tuberkel. Die Hinterränder ihrer Lippenschuppen (Scutum supralabiale und Scutum sublabiale) sind aufgekrempelt, ihre Schwanzschuppen sind einfach. Die Rückenwirbel besitzen besonders geformte, tischförmige Dornfortsätze. Höckernattern ernähren sich vor allem von wirbellosen Tieren, wie Regenwürmer und Nacktschnecken.

Systematik

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Achalinus spilanus

Die Höckernattern gehörten ursprünglich als Unterfamilie zur großen, ursprünglich paraphyletischen Familie der Nattern (Colubridae), gelten heute jedoch als eigenständig. Sie sind die basalste Familie in der Gruppe der Nattern- und Vipernartigen. Ihre Schwestergruppe ist eine große Klade aus mehr als zehn Familien, zu der unter anderem die Nattern, die Giftnattern (Elapidae) und die Vipern (Viperidae) gehören.[1]

Nattern- und Vipernartige

Höckernattern (Xenodermatidae)



Pareidae



Vipern (Viperidae)



Wassertrugnattern (Homalopsidae)



Elapoidea (Giftnattern (Elapidae) und Verwandte)


Colubroidea (Nattern (Colubridae))







Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style

Gattungen und Arten

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Stoliczkia borneensis
 src=
Xenodermus javanicus

Insgesamt gehören 28 Arten zu den Höckernattern (Stand April 2022):[2][3]

Die Gattung Xylophis, die früher zu den Xenodermidae gehörte, bildet jetzt die Unterfamilie Xylophiinae innerhalb der Familie Pareidae.[3]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Hussam Zaher, Robert W. Murphy, Juan Camilo Arredondo, Roberta Graboski, Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho, Kristin Mahlow, Giovanna G. Montingelli, Ana Bottallo Quadros, Nikolai L. Orlov, Mark Wilkinson, Ya-Ping Zhang, Felipe G. Grazziotin (2019): Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes). PLOS ONE, Mai 10, 2019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216148
  2. Xenodermidae In: The Reptile Database
  3. a b V. Deepak, Sara Ruane and David J. Gower. 2019. A New Subfamily of Fossorial Colubroid Snakes from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India. Journal of Natural History. 52(45-46) DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1557756
  4. Teynié, Alexandre, Patrick David, Anne Lottier, Minh D. Le, Nicolas Vidal & Truong Q. Nguyen. 2015. A New Genus and Species of xenodermatid Snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Zootaxa. 3926(4): 523–540. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.4.4
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Höckernattern: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Die Höckernattern (Xenodermidae) sind eine in Süd- und Südostasien, China, Japan und Taiwan vorkommende Schlangenfamilie.

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Xenodermidae ( англиски )

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Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.[3][4] All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.[4]

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae,[1][2] not "Xenodermatidae".

Taxonomy and systematics

Xenodermidae have a basal position in the colubroid radiation.[1] However, their exact position is not yet settled, e.g., that they might be the sister taxon of the rest of Colubroidea,[4] or that their sister taxon is Acrochordidae, and that these two families together form a clade that is the sister taxon for the Colubroidea.[1]

Genera

The family consists of the following 6 genera:[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Durso, Andrew (23 February 2016). "Dragonsnakes and Filesnakes Revisited". Life is Short, but Snakes are Long. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b Savage, Jay M. (2015). "What are the correct family names for the taxa that include the snake genera Xenodermus, Pareas, and Calamaria?". Herpetological Review. 46 (4): 664–665.
  3. ^ a b Xenodermidae at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 2 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, Fourth Edition. London: Academic Press. pp. 613–614. ISBN 978-0123869197.
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Xenodermidae: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Xenodermidae is a family of snakes native to East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. All species in the family Xenodermidae are small or moderately sized snakes, never more than 80 cm (31 in) but typically less than 55 cm (22 in) in total length (including tail). They are secretive, probably nocturnal, and typically inhabit moist forest habitats. They seem to be opportunistic carnivores, preying on other vertebrates.

The correct spelling of the family name is Xenodermidae, not "Xenodermatidae".

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Xenodermidae ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Los xelodérmidos (Xenodermidae) son una familia de serpientes. Comprende 6 géneros y 25 especies. Las especies de esta familia se distribuyen por Asia.[2]

Géneros

Incluye los siguientes géneros:[2]

Referencias

  1. Savage, Jay M. 2015. What are the correct family names for the taxa that include the snake genera Xenodermus, Pareas, and Calamaria. Herpetological Review 46(4):664-665.
  2. a b Uetz, P. & Jirí Hošek (ed.). «Xenodermidae». Reptile Database. Reptarium. Consultado el 17 de agosto de 2021.

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Xenodermidae: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Los xelodérmidos (Xenodermidae) son una familia de serpientes. Comprende 6 géneros y 25 especies. Las especies de esta familia se distribuyen por Asia.​

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Xenodermatidae ( француски )

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Les Xenodermatidae sont une famille de serpents[1]. Elle a été identifiée et répertoriée par John Edward Gray en 1849.

Répartition

Les espèces de cette famille se rencontrent en Asie de l'Est, en Asie du Sud-Est et en Asie du Sud[1].

Liste des genres

Selon Reptarium Reptile Database (9 avril 2015)[2] :

Taxinomie

C'est la seule famille de la super-famille des Xenodermatoidea Gray, 1849[3].

Publication originale

  • Gray, 1849 : Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum, London, i-xv, p. 1-125 (texte intégral).

Notes et références

  1. a et b Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté lors d'une mise à jour du lien externe
  2. Reptarium Reptile Database, consulté le 9 avril 2015
  3. Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 : Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo), vol. 49, no 11, p. texte intégral).
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Xenodermatidae: Brief Summary ( француски )

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Les Xenodermatidae sont une famille de serpents. Elle a été identifiée et répertoriée par John Edward Gray en 1849.

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제노데르무스과 ( корејски )

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제노데르무스과 또는 타카치호뱀과(Xenodermatidae)는 뱀목뱀아목에 속하는 파충류 과의 하나이다. 뱀과에 속하는 제노데르무스아과(Xenodermatinae)로 분류하기도 한다.

하위 분류

  • 타카치호뱀속 (Achalinus)
    • Achalinus ater BOURRET, 1937
    • Achalinus formosanus BOULENGER, 1908
    • Achalinus hainanus HUANG, 1975
    • Achalinus jinggangensis (ZONG & MA, 1983)
    • Achalinus meiguensis HU & ZHAO, 1966
    • Achalinus niger MAKI, 1931
    • Achalinus rufescens BOULENGER, 1888
    • 타카치호뱀 (Achalinus spinalis) PETERS, 1869
    • Achalinus werneri VAN DENBURGH, 1912
  • Fimbrios
    • Fimbrios klossi SMITH, 1921
    • Fimbrios smithi ZIEGLER, DAVID, MIRALLES, VAN KIEN & QUANG TRUONG, 2008
  • Stoliczkia
    • Stoliczkia borneensis (BOULENGER, 1899)
    • Stoliczkia khasiensis JERDON, 1870
  • 제노데르무스속 (Xenodermus)
    • Xenodermus javanicus REINHARDT, 1836
  • Xylophis
    • Xylophis captaini GOWER & WINKLER, 2007
    • Xylophis perroteti (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1854)
    • Xylophis stenorhynchus (GÜNTHER, 1875)

계통 분류

다음은 2013년과 2014년, 피론(Pyron, R.A.), 2016년 정(Zheng, Yuchi)과 존(John J. Wiens) 등의 연구에 기초한 계통 분류이다.[1][2][3]

뱀아목    

가는장님뱀과

     

게르호필루스과

     

제노티프롭스과

   

장님뱀과

           

미국실뱀과

       

파이프뱀과

   

난쟁이왕뱀과

       

제노피디온과

         

아시아파이프뱀과

   

가시꼬리뱀과

         

햇살뱀과

     

멕시코비단뱀과

   

비단뱀과

           

제노피디온과

   

왕뱀사촌과

       

칼라바비단뱀과

왕뱀과

마다가스카르나무왕뱀아과

     

운갈리오피스아과

     

태평양왕뱀아과

     

모래왕뱀아과

   

왕뱀아과

                       

줄판비늘뱀과

   

제노데르무스과

       

파레아스과

     

살무사과

       

호말롭시스과

     

람프로피스과

   

코브라과

       

뱀과

                   

각주

  1. Pyron, R.A.; Frank T Burbrink, John J Wiens 2013. “A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes.”. 《BMC Evol Biol 13: 93》.
  2. R. ALEXANDER PYRON, R. GRAHAM REYNOLDS & FRANK T. BURBRINK. “A Taxonomic Revision of Boas (Serpentes: Boidae)” (PDF). 《Zootaxa 3846 (2): 249–260》.
  3. Zheng, Yuchi; John J. Wiens (2016). “Combining phylogenomic and supermatrix approaches, and a time-calibrated phylogeny for squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) based on 52 genes and 4162 species” (PDF). 《Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 537–547, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.009》.
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